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| 14972983681 | Sui dynasty | Short dynasty between Han and Tang. Built Grand Canal, strengthened government, and introduced Buddhism to China. |  | 0 |
| 14972983682 | Qur'an | Islamic sacred book of Muhammad's life and message. |  | 1 |
| 14972983722 | Legalism | A Chinese philosophy distinguished by an adherence to clear laws with vigorous punishments. |  | 2 |
| 14972983683 | Tang dynasty | China expands to Vietnam, Imperial examination perfected. New technologies (paper money, gunpowder, junks, etc...) through silk road. (618 - 907 C.E.) |  | 3 |
| 14972983723 | Confucius (Kong Fuzi) | The founder of Confucianism (551-479 B.C.E.); an aristocrat of northern China who proved to be the greatest influence on Chinese culture in its history. |  | 4 |
| 14972983684 | umma | The entire community of Muslims bound together by ties of religion. Its goal was to create a just and moral society where all believers are community. | 5 | |
| 14972983685 | Song dynasty | Million people there. Foot binding, magnetic compass, navy, and traded with India and Persia. (960 - 1279 C.E.) |  | 6 |
| 14972983724 | Ban Zhao | A major female Confucian author of Han dynasty China (45-116 C.E.) whose works give insight into the implication of Confucian thinking for women. |  | 7 |
| 14972983686 | Pillars of Islam | (1) Allah is the one true God. (2) 5 daily prayers. (3) Almsgiving. (4) Fast of Ramadan. (5) Hajj. | 8 | |
| 14972983687 | Hangzhou | Capitol of later Song Dynasty | 9 | |
| 14972983725 | Daoism | A Chinese philosophy/popular religion that advocates simplicity and understanding of the world of nature, founded by the legendary figure Laozi. |  | 10 |
| 14972983688 | hijra | Muhammad fled from Mecca to Medina. | 11 | |
| 14972983689 | gunpowder | an explosive consisting of a powdered mixture of saltpeter, sulfur, and charcoal. | 12 | |
| 14972983726 | Upanishads | Indian mystical and philosophical works, written between 800 and 400 B.C.E. |  | 13 |
| 14972983690 | sharia | Islamic law based on teachings of the Qur'an. | 14 | |
| 14972983691 | jizya | poll tax paid by non-Muslims (minority groups) within Muslim empire. | 15 | |
| 14972983692 | economic revolution | Rapid population growth, economic speculation, increase in industrial production and innovations (Song dynasty). Made China the richest, most skilled, and most populous country on Earth. | 16 | |
| 14972983727 | Vedas | The earliest religious texts of India, a collection of ancient poems, hymns, and rituals that were transmitted orally before being written down ca. 600 B.C.E. |  | 17 |
| 14972983693 | foot binding | practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet to make them smaller. |  | 18 |
| 14972983728 | Aristotle | A Greek polymath philosopher (384-322 B.C.E.); student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. |  | 19 |
| 14972983694 | Umayyad caliphate | 2nd of the 4 major caliphates (rule/reign of chief Muslim ruler). | 20 | |
| 14972983695 | tribute system | Chinese method of dealing with foreign lands and people that assumed subordination of all non-chinese authorities. | 21 | |
| 14972983729 | Theravada | "The Teaching of the Elders," the early form of Buddhism according to which the Buddha was a wise teacher but not divine and which emphasizes practices rather than beliefs. |  | 22 |
| 14972983696 | Abbasid caliphate | 3rd of the 4 major caliphates. Founded the city of Baghdad, the capitol of the "Golden Age." | 23 | |
| 14972983697 | Xiongnu | major nomadic confederation that was established in 200 BCE and eventually reached from Manchuria to Central Asia. |  | 24 |
| 14972983730 | Buddhism | a religion, originated in India that believes life is full of suffering caused by desire and that the way to end this suffering is through enlightenment |  | 25 |
| 14972983698 | ulama | scholars of Muslim religion and law. | 26 | |
| 14972983699 | Khitan | a nomadic people from Northeast Asia who from the 4th century inhabited an area corresponding to parts of modern Mongolia, Northeast China and the Russian Far East. | 27 | |
| 14972983731 | Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) | The Indian prince who turned ascetic (ca. 566-486 B.C.E.) who founded Buddhism. |  | 28 |
| 14972983700 | Sufism | Mystical system of Sufis, an ascetic Muslim sect. | 29 | |
| 14972983701 | Mullah Nasruddin | imaginary folk character within world of islam; usually among sufis; has skeptical attitude towards vanity and ego | 30 | |
| 14972983732 | Mahayana | "Great Vehicle," the popular development of Buddhism in the early centuries of the Common Era, which gives a much greater role to supernatural beings and proved to be more popular than original (Theravada) Buddhism. |  | 31 |
| 14972983702 | Jurchen | a Tungusic people who inhabited the region of Manchuria until around 1630, at which point they were reformed and combined with their neighbors as the Manchu. | 32 | |
| 14972983703 | Silla dynasty | First ruling dynasty to bring a measure of political unity to Korean Peninsula. Allowed China to bring unity to the Korean peninsula | 33 | |
| 14972983733 | Nirvana | The end goal of Buddhism, in which individual identity is "extinguished" into a state of serenity & great compassion. |  | 34 |
| 14972983704 | al-Ghazali | brilliant Islamic theologian; attempted to fuse Greek and Qur'anic traditions. |  | 35 |
| 14972983705 | hangul | phonetic alphabet in Korea |  | 36 |
| 14972983734 | Bhagavad Gita | A great Hindu epic text, part of the much larger Mahabharata, which affirms the performance of caste duties as a path to religious liberation. |  | 37 |
| 14972983706 | Sikhism | a monotheistic religion founded in Punjab in the 15th century by Guru Nanak. | 38 | |
| 14972983707 | chu nom | a logographic writing system formerly used to write the Vietnamese language. | 39 | |
| 14972983708 | Ibn Battuta | an Arab traveler who described African societies and cultures in his travel records. | 40 | |
| 14972983735 | Zoroastrianism | Persian monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zarathustra. |  | 41 |
| 14972983709 | Shotoku Taishi | Japanese statesman who launched the drive to make Japan into centralized bureaucratic state modeled on China. |  | 42 |
| 14972983736 | Zarathustra | A Persian prophet, traditionally dated to sixth or seventh century B.C.E. (but perhaps much older), who founded Zoroastrianism. |  | 43 |
| 14972983710 | Timbuktu | Mali trading city that became a center of wealth and learning. |  | 44 |
| 14972983711 | bushido | "way of the warrior" | 45 | |
| 14972983737 | Judaism | The monotheistic religion developed by the Hebrews, emphasizing a sole personal god (Yahweh/YHWH) with concerns with social justice. |  | 46 |
| 14972983712 | al-Andalus | Chief site of Islamic encounter with Christian Europe (conquered by Arab and Berber forces). | 47 | |
| 14972983713 | Mansa Musa | Ruler of Kingdom of Mali (Muslim) sought to expand kingdom for gold. |  | 48 |
| 14972983714 | Izumi Shikibu | Mid Heian period Japanese poet. Wrote about political posturing and love affairs of aristocratic men and women. | 49 | |
| 14972983738 | Isaiah | One of the most important prophets of Judaism, whose teachings show the transformation of the religion in favor of compassion and social justice (eighth century B.C.E.) |  | 50 |
| 14972983715 | Chinese Buddhism | Entered China through cultural accommodations. Useful to helping nomadic rulers govern northern China. | 51 | |
| 14972983739 | Greek rationalism | A secularizing system of scientific and philosophic thought that developed in Classical Greece in the period 600 to 300 B.C.E.; it emphasized the power of education and human reason to understand the world in nonreligious terms. |  | 52 |
| 14972983716 | madrassas | formal colleges, offered more advanced instructions in Qur'an and sayings of Muhammad. It was the informal teachings with text memorization. | 53 | |
| 14972983717 | Emperor Wendi | Sui Emperor who patronized Buddhism. Built monasteries at the base of China's 5 sacred mountains. |  | 54 |
| 14972983740 | Socrates | The first great Greek philosopher to turn rationalism toward questions of human existence (469-399 B.C.E.) |  | 55 |
| 14972983718 | House of Wisdom | Combination library, academy, and translation center in Baghdad established in the 800s. |  | 56 |
| 14972983741 | Plato | A disciple of Socrates whose Dialogues convey the teachings of his master while going beyond them to express Plato's own philosophy; lived from 429 to 348 B.C.E. |  | 57 |
| 14972983719 | Ibn Sina | Writer in almost all fields of science and philosophy. He wrote the Canon on Medicine, an encyclopedia of medicinal cures |  | 58 |
| 14972983742 | Constantine | Roman emperor (r. 306-337 C.E.) whose conversion to Christianity paved the way for the triumph of Christianity in Europe. |  | 59 |
| 14972983743 | Paul of Tarsus (Saint Paul) | The first great popularize of Christianity (10-65 C.E.) |  | 60 |
| 14972983720 | Church of the East | Planted churches in Syria and Persia that were distinct in theology and practice from the Roman Church |  | 61 |
| 14972983721 | Perpetua | Christian martyr (one who was killed for their beliefs) from Carthage. Educated and wealthy, she died being fed to leopards. |  | 62 |
| 14972983744 | Jesus of Nazareth | The prophet/god of Christianity (ca. 4 B.C.E.-30 B.C.E.). |  | 63 |
| 14972983745 | Theodosius | Roman emperor (r. 379-395 C.E.) who made Christianity the official religion of the Roman state, banning all polytheistic rituals. |  | 64 |
