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| 4965591210 | Paleolithic Era | "Old Stone Age", long period of human development before agriculture | 0 | |
| 4965591211 | Neolithic Era | "New Stone Age", discovery and cultivation of agriculture | 1 | |
| 4965591212 | Periodization | categorization of human history into time periods. BCE & CE- Before Common Era & Common Era BC & AD - Religious time phrasing | 2 | |
| 4965591213 | Metallurgy | Practice of mining & extracting metal ores | 3 | |
| 4965591214 | Textiles | Most important enterprise in agricultural society; result of selective breeding of animals/crops | 4 | |
| 4965591215 | Neolithic "Revolution" | Early stages of agricultural society | 5 | |
| 4965591216 | Mesopotamia Subcontinent | Subcontinent; "b/w the rivers";the Tigris and Euphrates | 6 | |
| 4965591217 | Tigris River | Mesopotamian River, above Euphrates | 7 | |
| 4965591218 | Euphrates River | Mesopotamian river, below Tigris | 8 | |
| 4965591219 | Mediterranean Sea | Sea connecting Mesopotamia, Anatolia, and N.Africa | 9 | |
| 4965591220 | Anatolia Subcontinent | Powerful empire in modern day Turkey, home of Hittites |  | 10 |
| 4965591221 | Black Sea | Sea in N.Anatolia | 11 | |
| 4965591222 | Babylon | Mesopotamian empire w/ centralized bureaucracy | 12 | |
| 4965591223 | Phoenicia | Phoenician settlement along Mediterranean coast & Lebanon mountains | 13 | |
| 4965591224 | Jerusalem | Cosmopolitan capital city built by the Israelites in Palestine | 14 | |
| 4965591225 | The Epic of Gilgamesh | Collection of Mesopotamian myths abt. Gilgamesh, King of Uruk | 15 | |
| 4965591226 | Irrigation | Manmade canals and reservoirs for easier access to water, developed by Sumerians | 16 | |
| 4965591227 | Semitic | Arabian/Syrian nomadic herders who migrated to Mesopotamia | 17 | |
| 4965591228 | City-state | Political organization: urban king rules surrounding agricultural regions | 18 | |
| 4965591229 | Indo-Europeans | S.Russian tribes who went on series of migrations from India - western Europe; spread Indo-European languages in eurasia | 19 | |
| 4965591230 | Polytheism | Belief in more than one god | 20 | |
| 4965591231 | Hammurabi's Code | Extensive law code est. by Babylonian King Hammurabi | 21 | |
| 4965591232 | Cuneiform | World's 1st written language, invented by Sumerians | 22 | |
| 4965591233 | Stratified Patriarchal Society | Kings->Nobles->priests/priestesses->free commoners, dependent clients->slaves; patriarchal, much influence from Hammurabi's Code | 23 | |
| 4965591234 | Economic Specialization | Increase of city population and non-agricultural work --> variety of human skills; skills produced items for trade and boosted economy | 24 | |
| 4965591235 | Pastoral Nomads | Early Hebrews; nomads who traveled b/w Mesopotamia & Egypt w/ cattle | 25 | |
| 4965591236 | Hebrews, Israelites, Jews | Were heavily influenced by Mesopotamia | 26 | |
| 4965591237 | Abraham | Sumerian patriarch Hebrew, migrated North | 27 | |
| 4965591238 | Moses | Israelite leader who led others to Palestine, embraced monotheism and announced Ten Commandments to Israelites | 28 | |
| 4965591239 | Monotheism | Belief in only one god | 29 | |
| 4965591240 | Phoenicians | Maritime civilization in Mediterranean that developed extensive trade, communication networks, early alphabetical script | 30 | |
| 4965591241 | Arabian Desert | Desert on Arabian Peninsula | 31 | |
| 4965591242 | Sahara Desert | Desert in N.Africa | 32 | |
| 4965591243 | Savannah | A grassy plain in tropical and subtropical regions, Sudan b/w 10,000-5,000 BCE | 33 | |
| 4965591244 | Niger River | West African river utilized by early Sudanic cultivators | 34 | |
| 4965591245 | Zambezi River | Central African river utilized by Bantu people | 35 | |
| 4965591246 | Congo River | Southern African river utilized by Bantu people | 36 | |
| 4965591247 | Kalahari Desert | Desert in Sub-Saharan Africa | 37 | |
| 4965591248 | Pharaoh | Egyptian kings considered to be gods on earth | 38 | |
| 4965591249 | Nile River | Principal water source of water flowing through North Africa (site of sophisticated cultural development) |  | 39 |
| 4965591250 | Cairo | Egyptian city along lower Nile | 40 | |
| 4965591251 | Mercenary | Professional soldiers hired to serve in foreign army | 41 | |
| 4965591252 | Scribe | Prepared administrative and legal documents for governments & private parties | 42 | |
| 4965591253 | Hieroglyphics | Egyptian writing (pictographs & symbols representing sounds+ideas) | 43 | |
| 4965591254 | India Subcontinent |  | 44 | |
| 4965591255 | Indus River | North Indian river that enabled agricultural societies to arise | 45 | |
| 4965591256 | Hindu Kush Mountain Range | Mountain range that led Aryans to India | 46 | |
| 4965591257 | Deccan Plateau | Southern India plateau | 47 | |
| 4965591258 | Ganges River | Religious, east Indian river | 48 | |
| 4965591259 | Himalayas Mountain Range | Mountain range in NE India | 49 | |
| 4965591260 | Tibetan Plateau | Plateau in NE India, above Himalayas | 50 | |
| 4965591261 | Rosetta Stone | Egyptian stone w/ hieroglyphs, demotic, and greek writing | 51 | |
| 4965591262 | Aryans | European tribes, settled in India after 1500 B.C.E, formed the basis of Hinduism with Dravidians | 52 | |
| 4965591263 | Harappans | Earliest urban society in the Indus River Valley -centered around Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro | 53 | |
| 4965591264 | Vedas (Vedic Age) | 1500-500 B.C.E : Indian era when the Vedas (Hindu religious text) were composed | 54 | |
| 4965591265 | Upanishads | Indian reflections and dialogues (800-400 B.C.E.) that reflected basic Hindu concepts. | 55 | |
| 4965591266 | Brahman | The universal soul in Hinduism | 56 | |
| 4965591267 | Karma | Hindu concept that the sum of good and bad in a person's life will determine his or her status in the next life | 57 | |
| 4965591268 | Ascetic | Hindu concept of a simple, non-materialistic lifestyle | 58 | |
| 4965591269 | Dharma | Hindu concept of obedience to religious and moral laws and order | 59 | |
| 4965591270 | Yellow River | Principal, loess- filled river in N.China | 60 | |
| 4965591271 | Yangtze River | River in central China | 61 | |
| 4965591272 | South China Sea | Sea in S.China | 62 | |
| 4965591273 | Gobi Desert | Desert in N.China | 63 | |
| 4965591274 | Kunlun Shan Mountain Range | Mountain range north of Tibetan Plateau | 64 | |
| 4965591275 | Takla Makan Desert | Desert in NW China | 65 | |
| 4965591276 | Mekong River | River stretching from Tibetan Plateau to Vietnam | 66 | |
| 4965591277 | "China's Sorrow" | Yellow Sea's nickname, bc of its tremendous flooding | 67 | |
| 4965591278 | Hereditary State | Political organization in which rulers were from the same family ex: Xia,Shang,Zhou dynasties | 68 | |
| 4965591279 | Dynasty (Shang, Zhou, Qin,Han) | A line of hereditary rulers of a | 69 | |
| 4965591280 | "Mandate of Heaven" | Chinese belief : heavenly powers' approval chooses emperor | 70 | |
| 4965591281 | Decentralized Administration | Government rules by giving power&authority to regional officials in exchange for loyalty& military support. | 71 | |
| 4965591282 | Royal Court | Chinese royal family and noble allies,who dominated public and private affairs | 72 | |
| 4965591283 | Artisans | Small class of people in China, worked exclusively for ruling elites | 73 | |
| 4965591284 | Ancestor Veneration | Chinese belief : ancestors influence one's fortunes in life. Rituals and worship to ancestors conducted to ensure good fortune. | 74 | |
| 4965591285 | Oracle Bones | Means of foretelling the future in Chinese Shang dynasty | 75 | |
| 4965591286 | Steppe Nomads | Nomadic peoples w/ pastoral societies in the Eurasian steppe/grassy lands. | 76 | |
| 4965591287 | Caribbean Sea | Atlantic sea bordering the Yucatán Peninsula | 77 | |
| 4965591288 | Andes Mountain Range | Mountain Range along coasts of Peru &Bolivia | 78 | |
| 4965591289 | Amazon River | Principal river in South America | 79 | |
| 4965591290 | Patagonia Plateau | Plateau in southern South America | 80 | |
| 4965591291 | New Guinea | N. Australian island, separated by Torres Strait | 81 | |
| 4965591292 | Maize | The staple food of Mesoamerica | 82 | |
| 4965591293 | Bering Land Bridge | Land connecting siberia + alaska during ice age era | 83 | |
| 4965591294 | Terrace Farming | Mountainside farming method used in Andean region | 84 | |
| 4965591295 | Andean Highlands | Land b/w Andes mountains & pacific ocean | 85 | |
| 4965591296 | Austronesian Peoples | SE Asian mariners who settled in New Guinea | 86 | |
| 4965591297 | Equator | Imaginary horizontal line around the earth | 87 | |
| 4965591298 | Latitude & Longitude | Measures north-south position & Measures east-west position | 88 | |
| 4965591299 | Continents (7) | North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa. Australia, Antarctica | 89 | |
| 4965591300 | Oceans (4) | Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic | 90 | |
| 4965591301 | Mississippi River | Largest river in North America | 91 | |
| 4965591302 | Danube River | Horizontal river in W.Europe, below Rhine | 92 | |
| 4965591303 | Rhine River | Vertical river in W.Europe, above Danube | 93 | |
| 4965591304 | Volga River | Longest European river, through central Russia | 94 | |
| 4965591305 | Urals Mountain Range | Vertical mountain range b/w Europe and Asia | 95 | |
| 4965591306 | Pyrenees Mountain Range | Horizontal mountain range b/w Spain and Europe | 96 | |
| 4965591307 | Caucasus Mountain Range | Mountain Range b/w Black and Caspian Sea | 97 | |
| 4965591308 | River Valley Civilizations - Mesopotamia | - Tigris & Euphrates rivers - Cuneiform -Est. government for order & stability - Job specialization -> Social classes | 98 | |
| 4965591309 | River Valley Civilization - Nile River | -Pharaoh -Religious traditions (mummification,Amon-Re) -Industries, Transportation, Trade networks -Writing systems (hieroglyphic, hieratic, demotic,Coptic) | 99 | |
| 4965591310 | River Valley Civilization - Indus River | -Regional states w/ kingship (rajas) - Caste System - Organized religious beliefs (Hinduism) - Literature & Sanskrit | 100 | |
| 4965591311 | River Valley Civilization - Huang He | - Yellow & Yangtze rivers -"Mandate of Heaven" -Ancestor Worship/Veneration -Writing | 101 |
