7349366441 | When did the Hominid family develop? | Roughly 5-6 million years ago | 0 | |
7349367940 | What was so special about the Hominid family? | They were bipedal | 1 | |
7349371384 | Why was being bipedal important? | We don't use our hands and we can see further (better hunter and gatherers) | 2 | |
7349374906 | When did Homo erectus develop? | 1 million years ago | 3 | |
7349376565 | What was special about Homo erectus? | larger brains, opposable thumbs, first controlled use of fire, early handheld stone tools | 4 | |
7349379824 | Why were opposable thumbs an advantage? | Giv the ability to hold cylindrical objects and make a fist | 5 | |
7349381716 | Why was fire important? | light-more productive at night, heat-survive better during colder seasons, expand habitable area, cook food-lasts longer, higher caloric intake, increases life expectancy | 6 | |
7349384094 | When did Homo sapiens develop? | 250,000 years ago | 7 | |
7349386994 | What was special about Homo sapiens? | Even larger brains, more complex tools, Larynx lower in the throat | 8 | |
7349390325 | Why was the Larynx being lower in the throat important? | allows for more complex speech | 9 | |
7349392167 | Where did humans develop? | Southeast Africa | 10 | |
7349397399 | How much (in a percentage) did the Paleolithic era make up of human history? | 96% | 11 | |
7349400263 | Describe the size and relations in the groups during the Paleolithic era? | Small groups (15-25 people), based in kinship | 12 | |
7349402882 | Why were groups small during the Paleolithic era? | Lifestyle couldn't support large amounts of people | 13 | |
7349405840 | What was an important result of Nomadism? | difficulty storing and transporting goods, very little accumulation of wealth | 14 | |
7349408410 | Describe the social aspects of the groups during the Paleolithic era? | More egalitarian between genders, little to no social class based on wealth | 15 | |
7349414482 | Most beliefs during the Paleolithic era are...? | Most beliefs are shamanistic; earth spirits, Earth Mother, ancestor worship | 16 | |
7349415873 | Most artwork during the Paleolithic era was...? | Stone paintings and sculptures | 17 | |
7349418773 | What are venus figures? | stone figurines found all over the world that illustrated that women were viewed as highly spiritual | ![]() | 18 |
7349423448 | Economic (Paleolithic Era) | Early local exchange networks, very local (10's of miles), very little surplus good so trade in necessities, helped to diffuse technology | 19 | |
7349425088 | Political (Paleolithic Era) | No real political structure; leadership is fluid and based on skill, experience, health, physical prowess | 20 | |
7349428449 | What happened during 90-80,000 years ago? | Able to store and preserve food and water to cross Sahara and Arabian Deserts (fire, salt as preservative) Arrive in Middle East and North Africa | 21 | |
7349430641 | What happened during 60,000 years ago? | Arrive in East Asia, Australia, Pacific Islands First use of boating technology Cause large-scale extinction of large mammals in the region | 22 | |
7349432992 | What happened during 50-45,000 years ago years ago? | Migration into Europe, Northern Asia, Siberia Adapt to colder climates, hunting new animals species Neanderthals extinct within 10-15,000 years of Homo-sapien arrival | 23 | |
7349437086 | What happened during 30-15,000 years ago years ago? | Migration into Americas, the "Land Bridge" Filter south, evidence of human activity in Peru by 12,000 years ago Large scale extinction of large mammals throughout the Americas | 24 | |
7349439340 | What happened during 20-15,000 years ago years ago? | End of last Ice Age = warmer global climate, more water in the atmosphere and water cycle = explosion of plant and animal life worldwide Kinship groups begin to settle in permanent locations Allows for storage of surplus goods, wealth accumulation Exchange networks expand; cultural and technical diffusion at a more rapid rate | 25 | |
7355935443 | When the agricultural revolution begin? | Roughly 14-4,000 | 26 | |
7355946121 | What did the end of the Ice Age mean? | Warmer climate = greater plant and animal abundance, HG begins to settle to take advantage | ![]() | 27 |
7355957093 | What were the sickle, hoe, crude shovels, and plow used for? | Harvesting wild plant species | 28 | |
7355967662 | What did the humans do to unwanted species? | Eradicate them with fire | 29 | |
7355970948 | What helped to diffuse agriculture and other knowledge very slowly? | Early exchange networks | 30 | |
7355975630 | What did more efficient foraging lead to? | population growth and eventually population strains | 31 | |
7355980425 | What two things did we do to meet demand of population strains? | Agriculture and domestication | 32 | |
7355984780 | Was the agricultural revolution fast or slow? | Slow, selective process (1000's of years) | 33 | |
7355989250 | What was the major reason for us choosing agriculture? | Population growth = food pressures, we need more from the existing land (intensification) | 34 | |
7355991753 | What does agricultural intensification mean? | Agricultural intensification can be technically defined as an increase in agricultural production per unit of inputs (which may be labour, land, time, fertilizer, seed, feed or cash) | 35 | |
7355994607 | Domestication creates ____________; we depend on animals for food/labor, in return we must feed them | codependency | 36 | |
7355998176 | What does a surplus of food allow for (relating to labor)? | Specialization of labor | 37 | |
7356002352 | What does the specialization of labor cause? | explosion of art, language, merchants, culture, etc. | 38 | |
7356006602 | What do agriculture societies do to hunter and gatherer ? | Ag. societies multiply and displace, destroy, or absorb H/G societies or push them to less favorable environments | 39 | |
7356009649 | What were the downsides of agriculture? | massive environmental impact, most hunter and gatherer societies are eliminated, pandemic diseases, less diverse diet, still needed to be supplemented with foraging, shorter life, and more physical ailments due to intense labor, and erosion of social equality | 40 | |
7356025776 | Where were pastoralists mostly located? | areas where farming is unsuitable | 41 | |
7409663176 | What made civilizations possible? | Agriculture | 42 | |
7409665441 | What was the cradle of Middle Eastern civilization? | The city-states of Sumer in southern Mesopotamia | 43 | |
7409668180 | Mesopotamia (Cultural) | -Created writing (cuneiform) -Epic of Gilgamesh Ziggurats (monumental temples) -First priests had all the power because they could talk to to the gods -Gods are mean -People made too much noise so the gods flooded all of humanity | 44 | |
7409671595 | Mesopotamia (Economic) | -Early form of socialism (Farmers contributed their crops to public storehouses out which workers would be paid uniform wages in grain) -Created taxes -Proto-socialism was replaced by private enterprise (Could produce as much as they wanted as long as they gave taxes to the government) | 45 | |
7409676343 | Mesopotamia (Interaction) | -Between Tigris and Euphrates rivers -Lots of slave labor was needed to make the Tigris and Euphrates useful for irrigation -Rivers flood unpredictably and violently and were difficult to navigates -Area is either a drought or flood -Mesopotamia lacked metal, wood, and like everything else | 46 | |
7409681027 | Mesopotamia (Political) | -City-State of Uruk Walled city Extensive canal system -1,000 years later, palace forms (rivals ziggurats) -Responsibility or order was shifting from gods to people -Kings engaged in sacred marriage (making love with the high priestess of the city temple -Priests overtaken by kings who then declared themselves as priests -City state period of Mesopotamia ended around 2000 BCE -Probably because of shift of rivers leading to pastoral nomads taking over | 47 | |
7409684617 | Mesopotamia (Social) | -Writing = Elites -Written language played an important role in widening the gap between classes | 48 | |
7409686027 | When did Mesopotamia develop? | 5,000 years ago | 49 | |
7409686911 | How long did Ancient Egypt last? | 3000 BCE to 332 BCE | 50 | |
7409687628 | What was the most influential of all the river civilizations? | Egypt | 51 | |
7409688848 | Egypt (Interaction) | -Existed only along the Nile River -Regular, navigable, benign -One of the safest and richest agricultural areas -Summers = river would flood fields leaving behind nutrient rich silt for planting season -Planting was sooo easy there -Because it was navigable, you could get valuable resources from upstream -Nile is easily tamed | 52 | |
7409690357 | Egypt (Economic) | -Egyptians could used a simple form of water management called basin irrigation -Farmers used floodwaters to fill earthen basins and canals for irrigation -Egyptians could create big food surpluses with little work | 53 | |
7409692103 | Egyptians (Cultural) | -Egyptians were buried with things that were pleasurable and useful to them -Afterlife was seen as a continuation of this life | 54 | |
7409695960 | What did specialization of labor lead to? | Vast inequalities | 55 | |
7409697622 | Describe the upper class. | great wealth in land or salaries, were able to avoid physical labor, had the finest of everything, and occupied the top positions in political, military, and religious life. Frequently, they were distinguished by the clothing they wore, the houses they lived in, and the manner of their burial. | 56 | |
7409697653 | Who were the majority? | Commoners | 57 | |
7409698723 | Surplus production supported who? | The upper class | 58 | |
7409699935 | Who were at the bottom of the social hierarchy? | Slave | 59 | |
7409701494 | What division of human society has had the greatest significance for the lives of individuals? | Sex and gender | 60 | |
7409702354 | Describe men during this time. | Rulers, warriors, scholars, heads of households | 61 | |
7409702899 | Describe women during this time. | took place in home, defined by their relationship with their man, man could marry multiple and regulate the social sexual lives of their wives, daughters, and sisters | 62 | |
7409707587 | What was the reason for ancient civilizations staying together even with so many tensions? | States | 63 | |
7409708995 | Who were states most useful to? | The upper class | 64 | |
7409712014 | Why was force not necessary when keeping authority> | ideas spread that authority and inequality was ordained by gods | 65 | |
7409719822 | What caused specialization of labor? | Agriculture | 66 | |
7409721321 | Writing (Political) | Invention of writing supported state authority and the elite Was hard to control Can be threatening to rulers | 67 |
AP World History: Unit 1 Review Flashcards
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