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AP World History - Unit 2, #2 Flashcards

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31563913MamluksTurkic military slaves who formed part of the army of the Abbasid Caliphate in the ninth and tenth centuries; they founded their own state in Egypt and Syria from the thirteenth to early sixteenth centuries0
31563914MedievalPertaining to the middle ages of European history1
31563915MexicaThe name given to themselves by the Aztec people2
31563916Middle AgesThe period of European history traditionally given as 500-15003
31563917MinaretA tower attached to a mosque from which Muslims are called to worship4
31563918MississippiansWere a Chalcolithic (copper age) mound-building Native American culture that flourished in the Midwestern, Eastern, and Southeastern United States from approximately 800 to 1500 A.D., varying regionally.5
31563919MitaA labor system used by Andean societies in which community members shared work owed to rulers and the religious community6
31563920Moldboard PlowA form of plow consisting of a plowshare (blade) and hitch attached to livestock. It turns the soil in one run across the field, depositing the weeds and remains of the previous crop under the soil and raising the rain-percolated nutrients back to the surface. This plow also allowed for plowing while the ground was wet.7
31563921Mound-buildersIn North American archaeology, name given to those people who built mounds in a large area from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico and from the Mississippi River to the Appalachian Mts. The greatest concentrations of mounds are found in the Mississippi and Ohio valleys.8
31563922Neo-ConfucianismA philosophy that blended Confucianism with Buddhism and Daoism9
31563923Parallel DescentIn Incan society, descent through both the mother and father10
31563924ParliamentA representative assembly11
31563925People of the BookA term applied by Islamic governments to Muslims, Christians, and Jews in reference to the fact that all three religions had a holy book12
31563926QuechuaAndean society also known as the Inca13
31563927QuipusA system of knotted cords of different sizes and colors used by the Incas for keeping records14
31563928QuranThe holy book of Islam15
31563929RamadanThe holy month of Islam which commemorates the appearance of the angel Gabriel to Muhammad; fasting is required during this month16
31563930Scholar-gentryThe Chinese class of well educated men from whom many of the bureaucrats were chosen17
31563931SeppukuThe Japanese formal language term for ritual suicide. Hara-kiri is the common language term. Hara-kiri, which literally means "stomach cutting," is a particularly painful method of self-destruction. Only the samurai class was allowed to commit seppuku.18
31563932SerfA peasant who is bound to the land he or she works19
31563933ShariahThe body of law that governs Muslim society20
31563934ShintoThe traditional Japanese religion based on veneration of ancestors and spirits of nature21
31563935Shi'iteThe branch of Islam that holds that the leader of Islam must be a descendant of Muhammad's family.22
31563936ShogunJapanese military leaders under the bakufu23
31563937ShogunateThe rule of the shoguns in Japan24
31563938SufisMuslims who attempt to reach Allah through mysticism25
31563939SultanAn Islamic ruler26
31563940SunniThe branch of Islam that believes that the Muslim community should select its leaders; the Sunnis are the largest branch of Islam27
31563941Tea CeremonyAn ancient Shinto ritual still performed in the traditional Japanese capital of Kyoto28
31563942TributeThe payment of a tax in the form of goods and labor by subject peoples29
31563943ToltecsAncient civilization of Mexico. The name in Nahuatl means "master builders." The Toltec formed a warrior aristocracy that gained ascendancy in the Valley of Mexico c. AD 900 after the fall of Teotihuacán.30
31563944UmmaThe community of all Muslims believers31
31563945VassalIn medieval Europe, a person who pledged military or other service to a lord in exchange for a gift of land or other privilege32
31563946ZakatReligious tax, one of the five basic requirements (arkan or "pillars") of Islam. All adult Muslims of sound mind and body with a set level of income and assets are expected to pay zakat.33

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