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| 15034416770 | Ashoka | Third ruler of the Mauryan Empire in India (r. 270-232 B.C.E.). He converted to Buddhism and broadcast his precepts on inscribed stones and pillars, the earliest surviving Indian writing. | 0 | |
| 15034416771 | Confucianism | Chinese ethical and philosophical system. It sought to minimize conflicts by stressing obedience to superiors, reverence for elder family members, and honoring of ancestors | 1 | |
| 15034416772 | Vedas | Ancient Sanskrit writings that are the earliest sacred texts of Hinduism. | 2 | |
| 15034416773 | Upanishads | A collection of over two hundred texts composed between 900 and 200 BC that provide philosophical commentary on the Vedas | 3 | |
| 15034416774 | Zoroastrianism | One of the first monotheistic religions, particularly one with a wide following. It was central to the political and religious culture of ancient Persia. A religion that developed in early Persia and stressed the fight between the forces of good and the forces of evil and how eventually the forces of good would prevail. |  | 4 |
| 15034416775 | Judaism | A religion with a belief in one god. It originated with a covenant between God and Abraham and his descendants the Hebrew people. Yahweh was responsible for the world and everything within it. Holy Book is the Torah | 5 | |
| 15034416776 | Greek Rationalism | A secularizing system of scientific and philosophic thought that developed in the period 600 B.C.E. to 300 B.C.E.; it emphasized the power of education and human reason to understand the world in nonreligious terms. | 6 | |
| 15034416777 | Socrates | (470-399 BCE) An Athenian philosopher who thought that human beings could lead honest lives and that honor was far more important than wealth, fame, or other superficial attributes. He taught students to question everything until a reasonable conclusion could be arrived at. Sentenced to death for corrupting young minds. |  | 7 |
| 15034416778 | Jesus of Nazareth | Founder of Christianity. His teachings were based on Judaism but eventually became a separate faith and spread throughout the Roman Empire and the world. | 8 | |
| 15034416779 | Yellow Turban Rebellion | A massive Chinese peasant uprising inspired by Daoist teachings that began in 184 C.E. with the goal of establishing a new golden age of equality and harmony. | 9 | |
| 15034416780 | caste | distinct social class grouping; in India, Varna consisted of four classes that people were born into for life |  | 10 |
| 15034416801 | Cyrus | Founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. Between 550 and 530 B.C.E. he conquered Media, Lydia, and Babylon. He allowed the Jews to return to their homeland | 11 | |
| 15034416802 | Darius | Persian ruler who brought order to the Persian Empire. He also built roads; established a postal system; and standardized weights, measures, and coinage. | 12 | |
| 15034416803 | Persian | Of or relating to Iran or its people or language or culture | 13 | |
| 15034416804 | Satraps | under Darius's rule these were known as governors who ruled the provinces. They collected taxes, served as judges, and put down rebellions | 14 | |
| 15034416805 | Persian Wars | Conflicts between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire, ranging from the Ionian Revolt (499-494 B.C.E.) through Darius's punitive expedition that failed at Marathon. Chronicled by Herodotus. (131) | 15 | |
| 15034416806 | Ahura Mazda | Main god of Zoroastrianism who represented truth and goodness and was perceived to be in an eternal struggle with the malign spirit angra mainyu. | 16 | |
| 15034416807 | Angra Mainyu | evil spirit in zoroastrianism, the explanation for the presence of evil in the world | 17 | |
| 15034416808 | Laozi | Chinese Daoist philosopher; taught that governments were of secondary importance and recommended retreat from society into nature. | 18 | |
| 15034416809 | Han Wudi | The most important Han Emperor: expanded the Empire in all directions; created the Civil Service System based upon Confucian learning; established Imperial University; promoted the Silk Roads | 19 | |
| 15034416810 | Daoism | Chinese School of Thought: Daoists believe that the world is always changing and is devoid of absolute morality or meaning. They accept the world as they find it, avoid futile struggles, and deviate as little as possible from the Dao, or 'path' of nature. | 20 | |
| 15034416811 | Legalism | In China, a political philosophy that emphasized the unruliness of human nature and justified state coercion and control. The Qin ruling class invoked it to validate the authoritarian nature of their regime. (p.52) | 21 | |
| 15034416812 | Qin Dynasty | The dynasty that replaced the Zhou dynasty and employed Legalist ideas in order to control warring states and unify the country. | 22 | |
| 15034416813 | Han dynasty | A great and long-lasting rule, it discarded the harsh policies of the Qin dynasty and adopted Confucian principles. Han rulers chose officials on merit rather than birth. It was a time of prosperity | 23 | |
| 15034416814 | Chandragupta Maurya | He founded India's first empire (Mauryan). He was an Indian prince who conquered a large area in the Ganges River valley soon after Alexander invaded western India. | 24 | |
| 15034416815 | Chandra Gupta | Laid the foundations for the Gupta empire, he forged alliances with powerful families in the Ganges Region and established a dynamic kingdom about the year 320 C.E. Golden Age | 25 | |
| 15034416816 | Siddhartha Gautama | founder of Buddism; born a prince; left his father's wealth to find the cause of human suffering; also know as Buddha | 26 | |
| 15034416817 | Gupta Empire | Powerful Indian state based, like its Mauryan predecessor, in the Ganges Valley. It controlled most of the Indian subcontinent through a combination of military force and its prestige as a center of sophisticated culture. Golden Age | 27 | |
| 15034416818 | Huns | Nomadic invaders from central Asia; invaded India; disrupted Gupta administration (Overthrew Gupta) | 28 | |
| 15034416819 | Buddhism | a world religion or philosophy based on the teaching of the Buddha and holding that a state of enlightenment can be attained by suppressing worldly desire | 29 | |
| 15034416820 | Homer | ancient Greek epic poet who is believed to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey (circa 850 BC) | 30 | |
| 15034416821 | Plato | Philosopher (429 BC-347 BC) who studied under Socrates and questioned reality. He believed that ideal forms existed on a separate plane than our conception of reality. In his work the Republic, he described an ideal society, in which philosopher-kings would rule and everyone would be given jobs based on their talents. He also creates the Academy, an ancient school of philosophy. | 31 | |
| 15034416822 | Aristotle | Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system. | 32 | |
| 15034416823 | polis | Greek word for city-state | 33 | |
| 15034416827 | Hellenistic Age | Greek culture spread across western Asia and northeastern Africa after the conquests of Alexander the Great. The period ended with the fall of the last major Hellenistic kingdom to Rome, but Greek cultural influence persisted until the spread of Islam. | 34 | |
| 15034416833 | Twelve tables | the earliest written collection of Roman laws, drawn up by patricians about 450B.C., that became the foundation of Roman law | 35 | |
| 15034416834 | Patricians | A member of one of the noble families of the ancient Roman Republic, which before the third century B.C. had exclusive rights to the Senate and the magistracies. | 36 | |
| 15034416835 | Plebeians | Members of the lower class of Ancient Rome including farmers, merchants, artisans and traders | 37 | |
| 15034416836 | Constantine | Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337) | 38 | |
| 15034416837 | Silk roads | Trade routes stretching from China to the Mediterranean, which allowed for the exchange of goods and ideas from China to the Roman Empire | 39 | |
| 15034416789 | Four Noble Truths | The Buddhist beliefs that all life is a cycle of suffering, the cause of suffering is desires for worldly pleasures, and that the cycle of suffering will not be broken until a person escapes re-birth through a process of Enlightenment. | 40 | |
| 15034416790 | Brahma | In Hinduism, a universal spirit believed to be the origin of everything. | 41 | |
| 15034416791 | stupa | Buddhist shrines, usually believed to hold holy relics. | 42 | |
| 15034416792 | synchretism | when elements of two or more cultures blend together | 43 | |
| 15034416793 | boddisattva | In Buddhism, a person who is able to reach nirvana but delays doing so to remain on earth as a spiritual guide to others. | 44 | |
| 15034416794 | ganges | A holy river in Hinduism | 45 | |
| 15034416797 | Constantinople | Large Roman trading city located on the straits between the Black and Mediterranean Seas. | 46 | |
| 15034416798 | Peter | Established an early Christian Church in Rome. Viewed by Christians as the first Pope. | 47 | |
| 15034416799 | ascetic | someone who forgoes traditional desires such as food, sex, and shelter-usually for religious reasons. | 48 | |
| 15034416800 | cynicism | a Hellenistic philosophical movement that rejected material wealth and traditional authority. | 49 |
