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| 14897162647 | Renaissance | Cultural and political movement in western europe; began in italy c. 1400; rested on urban vitality and expanding commerce; featured a literature and art with distinctly more secular priorities than those of the Middle Ages. | 0 | |
| 14897166194 | Francesco Petrarch | (1304-1374) One of the major literary figures of the Western renaissance; an italian author and humanist." | 1 | |
| 14897170582 | Castile and Aragon | regional kingdoms of the iberian Peninsula; pressed reconquest of peninsula from Muslims and ultimately united under the Spanish monarchy | 2 | |
| 14897176398 | Vivaldis | Two genoese brothers who attempted to find a western route to the "indies"; disappeared in 1291; precursors of thrust into south- | 3 | |
| 14897182690 | Vasco de Gama | Portuguese captain who sailed for india in 1497; established early Portuguese domi-nance in indian Ocean. | 4 | |
| 14897187405 | Henry the Navigator | Portuguese prince responsible for direction of series of expeditions along the African coast in the 15th century; marked beginning of western | 5 | |
| 14897192326 | Christopher Columbus | He mistakenly discovered the Americas in 1492 while searching for a faster route to India. | 6 | |
| 14897195630 | Chinghis Khan | originally named Temujin. greatly feared. the first person to unify the Mongols and divided the army. "Great King" born 1167 | 7 | |
| 14897198890 | khanates | Four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Chinggis Khan. | 8 | |
| 14897198891 | Golden Horde | One of the four subdivisions of the Mongol empire after Chinggis Khan's death, originally ruled by his grandson Batu; territory covered much of what is today south central russia. | 9 | |
| 14897207720 | Kubilai Khan | grandson of Chinggis Khan; conquered China; established Yuan dynasty in 127 | 10 | |
| 14897207721 | Yuan Dynasty | Dynasty in China set up by the Mongols under the leadership of Kublai Khan, replaced the Song (1279-1368) | 11 | |
| 14897211673 | Marco Polo | (1254-1324) Italian explorer and author. He made numerous trips to China and returned to Europe to write of his journeys. He is responsible for much of the knowledge exchanged between Europe and China during this time period. | 12 | |
| 14897215146 | White Lotus Society | Secret religious society dedicated to overthrow of Yuan dynasty in China; typical of peasant resistance to Mongol rule. | 13 | |
| 14897228914 | astrolobe | An instrument that helps sailors navigate using the position of the stars | 14 | |
| 14897215147 | Ming Dynasty | Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China. | 15 | |
| 14897218439 | Lateen sails | A lateen or latin-rig is a triangular sail , the lateen became the favorite sail of the Age of Discovery, mainly because it allows a boat to tack "against the wind." | 16 | |
| 14897218440 | monsoon winds | seasonal wind in India, the winter monsoon brings hot, dry weather and the summer monsoon brings rain | 17 | |
| 14897222092 | dhows | Large ships favored by Indian, Persian, and Arab sailors that could carry up to four hundred tons of cargo. Had lateen sails. | 18 | |
| 14897225228 | Zheng He | Chinese admiral during the Ming Dynasty, he led great voyages that spread China's fame throughout Asia | 19 | |
| 14897232521 | Maori | Polynesian people who settled in New Zealand | 20 | |
| 14897225229 | compass | an instrument containing a magnetized pointer that shows the direction of magnetic north and bearings from it. | 21 | |
| 14897228915 | Polynesia | Islands contained in a rough triangle whose points lie in Hawaii, New Zealand, and Easter Island//one of three regions in Oceania, meaning "many islands" | 22 | |
| 14897232522 | Indian ocean trade | connected to Europe, Africa, and China.; worlds richest maritime trading network and an area of rapid Muslim expansion. | 23 | |
| 14897371213 | Guilds | Association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests | 24 | |
| 14897366135 | Hanseatic League | An organization of cities in northern Germany and southern Scandinavia for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance. | 25 | |
| 14897366136 | capitalism | Economic system based on profit-seeking, private ownership, and investment | 26 | |
| 14911842947 | Maghrib | The Arabic word for western north Africa | 27 | |
| 14911847863 | Trans-Saharan Trade Routes | On the edge of the desert, where several resource zones came together, African states such as Ghana had already formed by the 8th century by exchanging gold from the forests of west Africa for salt or dates from the Sahara or for goods from Mediterranean north Africa. | 28 | |
| 14911850989 | Caravans | groups of traveling merchants | 29 |
