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| 5362900529 | Caste System | A class structure that is determined by birth. Loosely, it means that in some societies, if your parents are poor, you're going to be poor, too. Same goes for being rich | 0 | |
| 5362903101 | Patriarchy | A male dominated society | 1 | |
| 5362905013 | Matriarchal | A female dominated society | 2 | |
| 5362910774 | Mandate of Heaven | An ancient Chinese belief and philosophical idea that tiān (heaven) granted emperors the right to rule based on their ability to govern well and fairly. | 3 | |
| 5362914088 | Silk Road | An ancient network of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent connecting the West and East by merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea | 4 | |
| 5362923271 | Social Hierarchy | how individuals and groups are arranged in a relatively linear ladder | 5 | |
| 5362926101 | Reincarnation | the rebirth of a soul in a new body. | 6 | |
| 5362931304 | Assimilation | The process by which a person or persons acquire the social and psychological characteristics of a group | 7 | |
| 5362933749 | Monotheistic | The belief in only one god | 8 | |
| 5362934729 | Eightfold Path | The path to nirvana, comprising eight aspects in which an aspirant must become practiced: right views, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration | 9 | |
| 5362936508 | Zoroanstrianism | one of the world's oldest monotheistic religions. It was founded by the Prophet Zoroaster in ancient Iran approximately 3500 years ago. | 10 | |
| 5362939155 | Greek Philosophy | the rational investigation of questions about existence and knowledge and ethics | 11 | |
| 5362943446 | Polytheistic | The belief in many gods | 12 | |
| 5362944870 | Legalism | strict adherence, or the principle of strict adherence, to law or prescription, especially to the letter rather than the spirit. | 13 | |
| 5362946262 | Confucianism | a system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius and developed by Mencius. | 14 | |
| 5362949064 | Buddhism | is a nontheistic religion or philosophy (Sanskrit: dharma; Pali: धम्म dhamma) that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on teachings attributed to Gautama Buddha, commonly known as the Buddha ("the awakened one"). | 15 | |
| 5362951418 | Islam | the religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah. | 16 | |
| 5362952760 | Judaism | an ancient monotheistic religion, with the Torah as its foundational text (part of the larger text known as the Tanakh or Hebrew Bible), and supplemental oral tradition represented by later texts such as the Midrash and the Talmud. | 17 | |
| 5362954465 | Christianity | the religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, or its beliefs and practices | 18 | |
| 5362956605 | Daoism | a philosophical, ethical or religious tradition of Chinese origin, or faith of Chinese exemplification, that emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao. | 19 | |
| 5362959184 | Han Dynasty | an empire in ancient China, that lasted from 206 b.c.e- 24 c.e. | 20 | |
| 5362960870 | Persia | an empire located in modern day Iran but stretched as far as Egypt and Iraq | 21 | |
| 5362962687 | Gupta | an empire located in northern India that lasted from 320-550 c.e | 22 | |
| 5362963823 | Ancient Egypt | an empire that lasted for 3000 years | 23 | |
| 5362965056 | Roman empire | located in modern day Italy but expanded to outlying countries throughout its reign, it lasted from 201 b.c.e- 476 c.e. | 24 | |
| 5362966520 | Maya | located in modern day central america, it lasted from 1800 b.c.e- 250 c.e. | 25 | |
| 5362968017 | State | A body of people living in a defined territory who have a government with the power to make and enforce law without the consent of any higher authority | 26 | |
| 5362969452 | Empire | an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority. | 27 | |
| 5362970850 | Hebrew Scriptures | Torah, Old Testament | 28 | |
| 5362974436 | Assyrian Empire | this empire covered much of what is now Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, and Anatolia; its height was during the seventh and eighth centuries BCE. | 29 | |
| 5362977551 | Babylonian Empire | Empire in Mesopotamia which was formed by Hammurabi, the sixth ruler of the invading Amorites. | 30 | |
| 5362979065 | Roman Empire | Existed from 27 BCE to about 400 CE. Conquiered entire Mediterranean coast and most of Europe. Ruled by an emperor. Eventually oversaw the rise and spread of Christianity. | 31 | |
| 5362981057 | Sanskrit Scriptures | An ancient Indic language of India, in which the Hindu scriptures and classical Indian epic poems are written and from which many northern Indian languages are derived. | 32 | |
| 5362982864 | Vedic Religions | Core beliefs in sanskrit scriptures; Hinduism; influence of Indo-European traditions in the development of the social and political roles of a caste system; importance of multiple manifestations of Brahma to promote teachings about reincarnation. | 33 | |
| 5362983892 | Hinduism | A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms | 34 | |
| 5362986387 | Mauryan Empire | (321-185 BCE) This was the first centralized empire of India whose founder was Chandragupta Maurya. | 35 | |
| 5362988425 | Ashoka | Leader of the Mauryan dynasty of India who conquered most of India but eventually gave up violence and converted to Buddhism. | 36 | |
| 5362989499 | Siddhartha Gautama (The Buddha) | Means "Enlightened One." He is said to have renounced his worldly possessions and taught of a way to overcome suffering. | 37 | |
| 5362990953 | Emperor Constantine | Founded Constantinople; best known for being the first Christian Roman Emperor; issued the Edit of Milan in 313, granting religious toleration throughout the empire. | 38 | |
| 5362995158 | Gupta Empire | (320-550 CE) The decentralized empire that emerged after the Mauryan Empire, and whose founder is Chandra Gupta | 39 | |
| 5362998694 | Filial Piety | In Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors. | 40 | |
| 5363002202 | Monasticism | A way of life in which men and women withdraw from the rest of the world in order to devote themselves to their faith | 41 | |
| 5363004720 | Shamanism | The practice of identifying special individuals (shamans) who will interact with spirits for the benefit of the community. Characteristic of the Korean kingdoms of the early medieval period and of early societies of Central Asia. | 42 | |
| 5363006536 | Animism | Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life. | 43 | |
| 5363008911 | Ancestor Veneration | Veneration of the dead or ancestor reverence is based on the beliefs that the dead have a continued existence, and may possess the ability to influence the fortune of the living, the worship of deceased ancestors | 44 | |
| 5363013591 | Syncretic Religion | Combines two religious traditions into something distinctly new, while containing traits of both | 45 | |
| 5363014393 | Persian Empire | Greatest empire in the world up to 500 BCE. Spoke an Indo-European language. A multi-ethnic and multi-religious empire. Fell to Alexander the Great. | 46 | |
| 5363017079 | Qin Dynasty | The Chinese dynasty (from 246 BC to 206 BC) that established the first centralized imperial government and built much of the Great Wall | 47 | |
| 5363018222 | Han Dynasty | (202 BC - 220 AD) dynasty started by Lui Bang; a great and long-lasting rule, it discarded the harsh policies of the Qin dynasty and adopted Confucian principles; rulers chose officials who passed the civil service exams rather than birth; it was a time of prosperity | 48 | |
| 5363023094 | Phoenicia | Semitic-speaking Canaanites living on the coast of modern Lebanon and Syria in the first millennium B.C.E. Famous for developing the first alphabet, which was adopted by the Greeks | 49 | |
| 5363024378 | Hellenistic | Of or influenced by the Greek Empire. A type of culture typically referred to after the conquests of Alexander the Great | 50 | |
| 5363025897 | Teotihuacan | A large central city in the Mesoamerican region. Located about 25 miles Northeast of present day Mexico City. Exhibited city planning and unprecedented size for its time. Reached its peak around the year 450 | 51 | |
| 5363027411 | Moche | civilization of north coast of Peru (200-700 C.E.). An important Andean civilization that built extensive irrigation networks as well as impressive urban centers dominated by brick temples | 52 | |
| 5363028547 | Chaco | An urban center established by Anasazi located in southern New Mexico. There, they built a walled city with dozens of three-story adobe houses with timbered roofs. Community religious functions were carried out in two large circular chambers called kivas | 53 | |
| 5363033153 | Cahokia | An ancient settlement of southern Indians, located near present day St. Louis, it served as a trading center for 40,000 at its peak in A.D. 1200 | 54 | |
| 5363035026 | Persepolis | A complex of palaces, reception halls, and treasury buildings erected by the Persian kings Darius I and Xerxes in the Persian homeland. It is believed that the New Year's festival was celebrated here, as well as the coronations, weddings, and funerals of the Persian kings, who were buried in cliff-tombs nearby | 55 | |
| 5363036447 | Chang'an | Capital of Tang dynasty; population of 2 million, larger than any other city in the world at that time. | 56 | |
| 5363037326 | Pataliputra | The captial of both Muryan and Gupta empires | 57 | |
| 5363040488 | Athens | A democratic Greek polis who accomplished many cultural achievements, and who were constantly at war with Sparta | 58 | |
| 5363044137 | Carthage | City located in present-day Tunisia, founded by Phoenicians ca. 800 B.C.E. It became a major commercial center and naval power in the western Mediterranean until defeated by the expanding Roman Republic in the third century B.C.E. | 59 | |
| 5363045764 | Alexandria | City on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt founded by Alexander. It became the capital of the Hellenistic kingdom of Ptolemy. It contained the famous Library and the Museum and was a center for leading scientific and literary figures in the classical and postclassical eras. | 60 | |
| 5363047065 | Constantinople | A large and wealthy city that was the imperial capital of the Byzantine empire and later the Ottoman empire, now known as Istanbul | 61 | |
| 5363055365 | Silk Roads | trade routes stretching from China to the Mediterranean, which allowed for the exchange of goods and ideas from China to the Roman Empire | 62 | |
| 5363056912 | Trans-Saharan Caravan Route | Islamic trade in West Africa was conducted by caravans of camels. According to Ibn Battuta, the explorer who accompanied one of the caravans, the average size was a thousand camels per caravan, with some being as large as 12,000 | 63 | |
| 5363059009 | Indian Ocean Sea Lanes | Lanes throughout the Indian Ocean connecting East Africa, southern Arabia, the Persian Gulf, India, Southeast Asia, and southern China | 64 | |
| 5363060509 | Mediterranean Sea Lanes | Trade routes that connected the Mediterranean civilizations together. The need for a sea rout for trade in the region. Trade increased and diffusion of cultures occurred | 65 | |
| 5363062798 | Qanat System | A traditional system of gravity-fed irrigation that uses gently sloping tunnels to capture groundwater and direct it to low-lying fields | 66 | |
| 5363063522 | Shaduf | A mechanical device that consists of a long pole balanced on a crossbeam. It has a rope and bucket on one end and a weighted balance on the other. It is used for transferring water from the river to the fields | 67 | |
| 5363064960 | Jesus of Nazareth | A teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity. | 68 | |
| 5363069322 | Paul of Tarsus | A Pharisaic Jew who persecuted the Early Christian community; later, he had an experience of the Risen Christ and became the "Apostle to the Gentiles" writing numerous letters to the Christian communities | 69 | |
| 5363070413 | Greco-Roman Philosophy | Ideas that emphasized logic, empirical observation, and nature of political power and hierarchy. | 70 | |
| 5363072901 | Corvee Labor | Unpaid forced labor usually by lower classes, forced upon them by the government | 71 | |
| 5363075048 | Tribute | Money paid by one country to another in return for protection | 72 |
