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| 7338387876 | Persian Empire | Greatest empire in the world up to 500 BCE. Spoke an Indo-European language. A multi-ethnic and multi-religious empire. Fell to Alexander the Great. |  | 0 |
| 7338387877 | Athenian Democracy | First recorded democracy ever established. Direct democracy with juries of up to 2,500 people. Had to be an 18 year old male with Athenian parents to rule. Freedom of Speech. | 1 | |
| 7338387878 | Greco-Persian Wars | Two major Persian invasions of Greece, 490 and 480 B.C.E., in which the Persians were defeated on both land and sea each time. | 2 | |
| 7338387879 | Hellenistic era | period when the Greek language and Greek ideas spread to the non-Greek peoples of southwest Asia |  | 3 |
| 7338387880 | Alexander the Great | Between 334 and 323 B.C.E. he conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus Valley, founded many Greek-style cities, and spread Greek culture across the Middle East. | 4 | |
| 7338387881 | Augustus | The first emperor of Rome whose leadership brought about a long period of Pax Romana (Roman Peace). | 5 | |
| 7338387886 | legalism | Chinese philosophy developed by Hanfeizi; taught that humans are naturally evil and therefore need to be ruled by harsh laws | 6 | |
| 7338387887 | Confucianism | Chinese ethical and philosophical teachings of Confucius which emphasized education, family, peace, and justice | 7 | |
| 7338387888 | Daoism | Chinese religion from 500s BCE that emphasized following the mystical and indescribable "Way." It celebrated the chaos and contradictions of reality as well as the harmony of nature. The Yin and Yang symbolizes many aspects of this religion. |  | 8 |
| 7338387892 | Zoroastrianism | One of the first monotheistic religions, particularly one with a wide following. It was central to the political and religious culture of ancient Persia. A religion that developed in early Persia and stressed the fight between the forces of good and the forces of evil and how eventually the forces of good would prevail. |  | 9 |
| 7338387893 | Judaism | A religion with a belief in one god. It originated with a covenant between God and Abraham and his descendants the Hebrew people. Yahweh was responsible for the world and everything within it. Holy Book is the Torah | 10 | |
| 7338387894 | Greek Rationalism | A secularizing system of scientific and philosophic thought that developed in classical Greece in the period 600 B.C.E. to 300 B.C.E.; it emphasized the power of education and human reason to understand the world in nonreligious terms. | 11 | |
| 7338387895 | Socrates | (470-399 BCE) An Athenian philosopher who thought that human beings could lead honest lives and that honor was far more important than wealth, fame, or other superficial attributes. philosopher who believed in an absolute right or wrong; asked students pointed questions to make them use their reason, later became Socratic method. condemed to death for corrupting young minds. |  | 12 |
| 7338387896 | Plato | Philosopher (429 BC-347 BC) who studied under Socrates and questioned reality. He believed that studying ideas and forms held the truth to what is real and wrote the Republic, which described an ideal state with philosopher-kings, warriors, and masses. He also creates the Academy, an ancient school of philosophy. "How do we know what is real" "Philosophy begins in wonder" | 13 | |
| 7338387897 | Aristotle | Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system, which led him to criticize what he saw as Plato's metaphysical excesses, theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of rational inquiry. | 14 | |
| 7338387898 | Jesus of Nazareth | Founder of Christianity, he taught about kindness and love for God. His teachings were based on Judaism and spread throughout the Roman Empire and the world. | 15 | |
| 7338387902 | Greek and Roman slavery | In the Greek and Roman world, slaves were captives from war and abandoned children, and victims of Long-distance trade; manumission was common. Among the Greek household service was the most common form of slavery, but in parts of the Roman state, thousands of slaves were employed under brutal conditions in the mines and on great plantations | 16 | |
| 7338387904 | Helots | In ancient Sparta, captive peoples who were forced to work for their conquerors |  | 17 |
| 7338387907 | Cyrus | Founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. Between 550 and 530 B.C.E. he conquered Media, Lydia, and Babylon. He allowed the Jews to return to their homeland | 18 | |
| 7338387908 | Darius | Persian ruler who brought order to the Persian Empire. He also built roads; established a postal system; and standardized weights, measures, and coinage. | 19 | |
| 7338387909 | Alexander the Great | Successor of Philip of Macedon; 1st global empire, but no lasting bureaucracy; spread of Hellenism is greatest achievement | 20 | |
| 7338387910 | Persian | Of or relating to Iran or its people or language or culture | 21 | |
| 7338387911 | Satraps | under Darius's rule these were known as governors who ruled the provinces. They collected taxes, served as judges, and put down rebellions | 22 | |
| 7338387912 | Persian Wars | Conflicts between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire, ranging from the Ionian Revolt (499-494 B.C.E.) through Darius's punitive expedition that failed at Marathon. Chronicled by Herodotus. (131) | 23 | |
| 7338387916 | Confucius | Chinese philosphere and teacher; his belifs,known as confusoinism greatly influenced chinese life | 24 | |
| 7338387917 | Laozi | Chinese Daoist philosopher; taught that governments were of secondary importance and recommended retreat from society into nature. | 25 | |
| 7338387920 | Confucianism | The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct. | 26 | |
| 7338387921 | Daoism | Chinese School of Thought: Daoists believe that the world is always changing and is devoid of absolute morality or meaning. They accept the world as they find it, avoid futile struggles, and deviate as little as possible from the Dao, or 'path' of nature. | 27 | |
| 7338387922 | Legalism | In China, a political philosophy that emphasized the unruliness of human nature and justified state coercion and control. The Qin ruling class invoked it to validate the authoritarian nature of their regime. (p.52) | 28 | |
| 7338387933 | Buddhism | a world religion or philosophy based on the teaching of the Buddha and holding that a state of enlightenment can be attained by suppressing worldly desire | 29 | |
| 7338387935 | Socrates | Greek philosopher; socratic method--questioning; sentenced to death for corrupting Athens youth | 30 | |
| 7338387936 | Plato | Student of Socrates, wrote The Republic about the perfectly governed society | 31 | |
| 7338387937 | Aristotle | Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system. | 32 | |
| 7338387938 | Minoan society | Inhabited the island of Crete (major city: Knossos); around 2200 B.C.E. they acted as the center of maritime trade in the Mediterranean; used Linear A, an undecipherable syllabic alphabet; through a series of both natural disasters (1700 B.C.E.) and foreign invaders, were conquered by 1100 B.C.E. | 33 | |
| 7338387939 | Mycenaean society | Indo-European invaders descend through Balkans into Peloponnesus c. 2200 B.C.E.; influenced by Minoan society; had a major settlement in Mycenae; used a syllabic alphabet called Linear B (evolved form of Linear A); inhabited Greece, Crete, Anatolia, Sicily, and Italy; c. 1200 B.C.E., engaged in conflicts with Troy | 34 | |
| 7338387940 | Trojan War | A war, fought around 1200 B.C., in which an army led by Mycenaean kings attacked the independent trading city of Troy in Anatolia | 35 | |
| 7338387941 | polis | Greek word for city-state | 36 | |
| 7338387942 | Sparta | Greek city-state that was ruled by an oligarchy, focused on military, used slaves for agriculture, discouraged the arts | 37 | |
| 7338387943 | Persian War | King Darius of Persia wanted to conquer all of the Greek city-states but Athens and Sparta resisted. Greek city-states vs. Persia - Greek city-states won. Athens emerged as most powerful city state in Greece. | 38 | |
| 7338387944 | Delian League | An alliance headed by Athens that says that all Greek city-states will come together and help fight the Persians | 39 | |
| 7338387945 | Peloponnesian War | a war in which Athens and its allies were defeated by the league centered on Sparta | 40 | |
| 7338387946 | Hellenistic Age | Greek culture spread across western Asia and northeastern Africa after the conquests of Alexander the Great. The period ended with the fall of the last major Hellenistic kingdom to Rome, but Greek cultural influence persisted until the spread of Islam. | 41 | |
| 7338387947 | Antigonid Empire | The empire in Greece after the breakup of Alexander's empire. | 42 | |
| 7338387948 | Ptolemaic Empire | The Hellenistic empire in Egypt area after Alexander's death; created by Ptolemy, one of Alexander's generals. | 43 | |
| 7338387949 | Seleucid Empire | The empire in Syria, Persia, and Bactria after the breakup of Alexander's empire. | 44 | |
| 7338387950 | Julius Caesar | Made dictator for life in 45 BCE, after conquering Gaul, assassinated in 44 BCE by the Senate because they were afraid of his power | 45 | |
| 7338387951 | Augustus Caesar | The first empreror of Rome, the adopted son of Julius Caesar, help Rome come into Pax Romana, or the Age of Roman Peace | 46 | |
| 7338387952 | Punic War | one of the three wars between Carthage and Rome that resulted in the destruction of Carthage and its annexation by Rome | 47 | |
| 7338387953 | Twelve tables | the earliest written collection of Roman laws, drawn up by patricians about 450B.C., that became the foundation of Roman law | 48 | |
| 7338387954 | Patricians | A member of one of the noble families of the ancient Roman Republic, which before the third century B.C. had exclusive rights to the Senate and the magistracies. | 49 | |
| 7338387955 | Plebeians | Members of the lower class of Ancient Rome including farmers, merchants, artisans and traders | 50 | |
| 7338387956 | Constantine | Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337) | 51 | |
| 7338387957 | Silk roads | Trade routes stretching from China to the Mediterranean, which allowed for the exchange of goods and ideas from China to the Roman Empire | 52 |
