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AP World History Unit 2 Flashcards

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5085048915Caste Systema class structure that is determined by birth. Loosely, it means that in some societies, if your parents are poor, you're going to be poor, too. Same goes for being rich0
5085048916PatriarchyA male dominated society1
5085048917MatriarchalA female dominated society2
5085048918Mandate of Heavenan ancient Chinese belief and philosophical idea that tiān (heaven) granted emperors the right to rule based on their ability to govern well and fairly.3
5085048919Silk Roadan ancient network of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent connecting the West and East by merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea4
5085048920Social Heirarchyhow individuals and groups are arranged in a relatively linear ladder5
5085048921Reincarnationthe rebirth of a soul in a new body.6
5085048922AssimilationThe process by which a person or persons acquire the social and psychological characteristics of a group7
5085048923MonotheisticThe belief in only one god8
5085048924Eightfold Paththe path to nirvana, comprising eight aspects in which an aspirant must become practiced: right views, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration.9
5085048925Zoroanstrianismone of the world's oldest monotheistic religions. It was founded by the Prophet Zoroaster in ancient Iran approximately 3500 years ago.10
5085048926Greek Philosophythe rational investigation of questions about existence and knowledge and ethics11
5085048927PolytheisticThe belief in many gods12
5085048928Legalismstrict adherence, or the principle of strict adherence, to law or prescription, especially to the letter rather than the spirit.13
5085048929Confucianisma system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius and developed by Mencius.14
5085048930Buddhismis a nontheistic religion or philosophy (Sanskrit: dharma; Pali: धम्म dhamma) that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on teachings attributed to Gautama Buddha, commonly known as the Buddha ("the awakened one").15
5085048931Islamthe religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah.16
5085048932Judaisman ancient monotheistic religion, with the Torah as its foundational text (part of the larger text known as the Tanakh or Hebrew Bible), and supplemental oral tradition represented by later texts such as the Midrash and the Talmud.17
5085048933Christianitythe religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, or its beliefs and practices.18
5085048934Daoisma philosophical, ethical or religious tradition of Chinese origin, or faith of Chinese exemplification, that emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao.19
5085048935Han Dynastyan empire in ancient China, that lasted from 206 b.c.e- 24 c.e.20
5085048936Persiaan empire located in modern day Iran but stretched as far as Egypt and Iraq.21
5085048937Guptaan empire located in northern India that lasted from 320-550 c.e.22
5085048938Ancient Egyptan empire that lasted for 3000 years23
5085048939Roman empirelocated in modern day Italy but expanded to outlying countries throughout its reign, it lasted from 201 b.c.e- 476 c.e.24
5085048940Mayalocated in modern day central america, it lasted from 1800 b.c.e- 250 c.e.25
5085048941StateA body of people living in a defined territory who have a government with the power to make and enforce law without the consent of any higher authority26
5085048942Empirean extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority.27
5085048943Hebrew ScripturesTorah, Old Testament28
5085048944Assyrian Empirethis empire covered much of what is now Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, and Anatolia; its height was during the seventh and eighth centuries BCE.29
5085048945Babylonian EmpireEmpire in Mesopotamia which was formed by Hammurabi, the sixth ruler of the invading Amorites.30
5085048946Roman EmpireExisted from 27 BCE to about 400 CE. Conquiered entire Mediterranean coast and most of Europe. Ruled by an emperor. Eventually oversaw the rise and spread of Christianity.31
5085048947Sanskrit ScripturesAn ancient Indic language of India, in which the Hindu scriptures and classical Indian epic poems are written and from which many northern Indian languages are derived.32
5085048948Vedic ReligionsCore beliefs in sanskrit scriptures; Hinduism; influence of Indo-European traditions in the development of the social and political roles of a caste system; importance of multiple manifestations of Brahma to promote teachings about reincarnation.33
5085048949HinduismA religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms34
5085048950Mauryan Empire(321-185 BCE) This was the first centralized empire of India whose founder was Chandragupta Maurya.35
5085048951AshokaLeader of the Mauryan dynasty of India who conquered most of India but eventually gave up violence and converted to Buddhism.36
5085048952Siddhartha Gautama (The Buddha)Means "Enlightened One." He is said to have renounced his worldly possessions and taught of a way to overcome suffering.37
5085048953Emperor ConstantineFounded Constantinople; best known for being the first Christian Roman Emperor; issued the Edit of Milan in 313, granting religious toleration throughout the empire.38
5085048954Buddha39
5085048955Shiva40
5085048956Brahma41
5085048957Vishnu42
5085048958Darius I43
5085048959Alexander the Great44
5085048960Parthenon45
5085048961Agora at Corinth46
5085048962Hoplite Armor47
5085048963Gupta Empire(320-550 CE) The decentralized empire that emerged after the Mauryan Empire, and whose founder is Chandra Gupta.48
5085048964Roman Columns49
5085048965Greek Columns50
5085048966Pantheon51
5085048967Aqueduct52
5085048968Colosseum53
5085048969Circus Maximus54
5085048970Christianity Rho Chi Symbol (Emperor Constantine)Religion?55
5085048971Indian Ocean Maritime System56
5085048972Silk Road57
5085048973Trans-Saharan Trade Route58
5085048974filial pietyIn Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors.59
5085048975monasticismA way of life in which men and women withdraw from the rest of the world in order to devote themselves to their faith60
5085048976shamanismThe practice of identifying special individuals (shamans) who will interact with spirits for the benefit of the community. Characteristic of the Korean kingdoms of the early medieval period and of early societies of Central Asia.61
5085048977animismBelief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life.62
5085048978ancestor venerationVeneration of the dead or ancestor reverence is based on the beliefs that the dead have a continued existence, and may possess the ability to influence the fortune of the living, the worship of deceased ancestors63
5085048979syncretic religionCombines two religious traditions into something distinctly new, while containing traits of both64
5085048980Persian EmpireGreatest empire in the world up to 500 BCE. Spoke an Indo-European language. A multi-ethnic and multi-religious empire. Fell to Alexander the Great.65
5085048981Qin Dynastythe Chinese dynasty (from 246 BC to 206 BC) that established the first centralized imperial government and built much of the Great Wall66
5085048982Han Dynasty(202 BC - 220 AD) dynasty started by Lui Bang; a great and long-lasting rule, it discarded the harsh policies of the Qin dynasty and adopted Confucian principles; rulers chose officials who passed the civil service exams rather than birth; it was a time of prosperity67
5085048983PhoeniciaSemitic-speaking Canaanites living on the coast of modern Lebanon and Syria in the first millennium B.C.E. Famous for developing the first alphabet, which was adopted by the Greeks.68
5085048984HellenisticOf or influenced by the Greek Empire. A type of culture typically referred to after the conquests of Alexander the Great.69
5085048985TeotihuacanA large central city in the Mesoamerican region. Located about 25 miles Northeast of present day Mexico City. Exhibited city planning and unprecedented size for its time. Reached its peak around the year 450.70
5085048986Mochecivilization of north coast of Peru (200-700 C.E.). An important Andean civilization that built extensive irrigation networks as well as impressive urban centers dominated by brick temples.71
5085048987ChacoAn urban center established by Anasazi located in southern New Mexico. There, they built a walled city with dozens of three-story adobe houses with timbered roofs. Community religious functions were carried out in two large circular chambers called kivas.72
5085048988Cahokiaan ancient settlement of southern Indians, located near present day St. Louis, it served as a trading center for 40,000 at its peak in A.D. 1200.73
5085048989PersepolisA complex of palaces, reception halls, and treasury buildings erected by the Persian kings Darius I and Xerxes in the Persian homeland. It is believed that the New Year's festival was celebrated here, as well as the coronations, weddings, and funerals of the Persian kings, who were buried in cliff-tombs nearby.74
5085048990Chang'anCapital of Tang dynasty; population of 2 million, larger than any other city in the world at that time.75
5085048991PataliputraThe captial of both Muryan and Gupta empires76
5085048992AthensA democratic Greek polis who accomplished many cultural achievements, and who were constantly at war with Sparta.77
5085048993CarthageCity located in present-day Tunisia, founded by Phoenicians ca. 800 B.C.E. It became a major commercial center and naval power in the western Mediterranean until defeated by the expanding Roman Republic in the third century B.C.E.78
5085048994AlexandriaCity on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt founded by Alexander. It became the capital of the Hellenistic kingdom of Ptolemy. It contained the famous Library and the Museum and was a center for leading scientific and literary figures in the classical and postclassical eras.79
5085048995ConstantinopleA large and wealthy city that was the imperial capital of the Byzantine empire and later the Ottoman empire, now known as Istanbul80
5085048996Silk Roadstrade routes stretching from China to the Mediterranean, which allowed for the exchange of goods and ideas from China to the Roman Empire81
5085048997Trans-Saharan Caravan RouteIslamic trade in West Africa was conducted by caravans of camels. According to Ibn Battuta, the explorer who accompanied one of the caravans, the average size was a thousand camels per caravan, with some being as large as 12,000.82
5085048998Indian Ocean Sea Laneslanes throughout the Indian Ocean connecting East Africa, southern Arabia, the Persian Gulf, India, Southeast Asia, and southern China83
5085048999Mediterranean Sea LanesTrade routes that connected the Mediterranean civilizations together. The need for a sea rout for trade in the region. Trade increased and diffusion of cultures occurred84
5085049000Qanat Systema traditional system of gravity-fed irrigation that uses gently sloping tunnels to capture groundwater and direct it to low-lying fields85
5085049001Shadufa mechanical device that consists of a long pole balanced on a crossbeam. It has a rope and bucket on one end and a weighted balance on the other. It is used for transferring water from the river to the fields.86
5085049002Jesus of Nazaretha teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity.87
5085049003Paul of TarsusA Pharisaic Jew who persecuted the Early Christian community; later, he had an experience of the Risen Christ and became the "Apostle to the Gentiles" writing numerous letters to the Christian communities.88
5085049004Greco-Roman PhilosophyIdeas that emphasized logic, empirical observation, and nature of political power and hierarchy.89
5085049005ZoroastrianismWhat religion?90
5085049006ChristianityWhat religion?91
5085049007corvee laborunpaid forced labor usually by lower classes, forced upon them by the government92
5085049008tributeMoney paid by one country to another in return for protection93

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