Terms from 13 to 17
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| 5676831122 | Constantine | Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337) |  | 0 |
| 5676831123 | Justinian | Byzantine emperor in the 6th century A.D. who reconquered much of the territory previously ruler by Rome, initiated an ambitious building program , including Hagia Sofia, as well as a new legal code |  | 1 |
| 5676831129 | Constantinople | Previously known as Byzantium, Constantine changed the name of the city and moved the capitol of the Roman Empire here from Rome. |  | 2 |
| 5676831131 | Hagia Sophia | Most famous example of Byzantine architecture, it was built under Justinian I and is considered one of the most perfect buildings in the world. |  | 3 |
| 5676831134 | Crusades | A series of military expeditions in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries by Westrn European Christians to reclain control of the Holy Lands from the Muslims |  | 4 |
| 5676831136 | Ottomans | Turks who had come to Anatolia and conquered Constantinople and changed the name to Istanbul. They converted to Islam |  | 5 |
| 5676831139 | Muhammad | the Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632) |  | 6 |
| 5676831140 | Ali | the fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites |  | 7 |
| 5676831141 | Allah | Muslim name for the one and only God |  | 8 |
| 5676831142 | Dar al-Islam | an Arabic term that means the "house of Islam" and that refers to lands under Islamic rule. |  | 9 |
| 5676831143 | Umma | the community of all Muslims |  | 10 |
| 5676831144 | Five Pillars of Islam | true Muslims were expected to follow (principle of Salvation): belief in Allah, pray 5 times a day, giving of alms, fasting during Ramadan, pilgrimage to Mecca once in a lifetime |  | 11 |
| 5676831145 | Sharia | body of Islamic law that includes interpretation of the Quran and applies Islamic principles to everyday life |  | 12 |
| 5676831146 | Caliph | a supreme political and religious leader in a Muslim government |  | 13 |
| 5676831147 | Umayyad | Arabic dynasty (661-750), with its capital at Damascus, that was marked by a tremendous period of expansion to Spain in the west and India in the east. | 14 | |
| 5676831148 | Shia | The branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad | 15 | |
| 5676831149 | Abbasid | Dynasty that overthrew the Umayyad to rule the Muslim caliphate from 750 to 1258; for 150 years they maintained the unity of the caliphate and Islamic civilization and culture flourished | 16 | |
| 5676831153 | Hajj | the fifth pillar of Islam is a pilgrimage to Mecca during the month of Dhu al-Qadah | 17 | |
| 5676831156 | Grand Canal | The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire. | 18 | |
| 5676831157 | Tang Dynasty | Considered the golden age of Chinese civilization and ruled for nearly 300 years; China grew under the dynasty to include much of eastern Asia, as well as large parts of Central Asia | 19 | |
| 5676831158 | Equal-field system | Agricultural reform favoring the peasants under the Tang dynasty in China, inheritance system where 1/5 of the land when to the peasant's descendants and the rest went to the government. | 20 | |
| 5676831162 | Song Dynasty | (960 - 1279 AD); this dynasty was started by Tai Zu; by 1000, a million people were living there; started feet binding; had a magnetic compass; had a navy; traded with India and Persia (brought pepper and cotton); first to have paper money, explosive gun powder; *landscape black and white paintings | 21 | |
| 5676831164 | Neo-Confucianism | The Confucian response to Buddhism by taking Confucian and Buddhist beliefs and combining them into this. However, it is still very much Confucian in belief. | 22 | |
| 5676831170 | Shogun | a hereditary military dictator of Japan | 23 | |
| 5676831171 | Samurai | a Japanese warrior who was a member of the feudal military aristocracy | 24 | |
| 5676831172 | Bushido | The strict code of behavior followed by samurai warriors in Japan | 25 | |
| 5676831178 | Sufis | a mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life | 26 | |
| 5676831181 | Charlemagne | Frankish king who conquered most of Europe and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III in the year 800 | 27 | |
| 5676831182 | Pope Gregory I | He protected the city of Rome and the church by mobilizing forces for the purpose of defense; he reasserted papal supremacy and increased the role and importance of the church in people's lives | 28 | |
| 5676831183 | Franks | Group of Germanic people who rose to prominence under the leadership of King Clovis. They converted to Christianity | 29 | |
| 5676831187 | Holy Roman Empire | Loose federation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an emperor who had little control over the hundreds of princes who elected him. It lasted from 962 to 1806. | 30 | |
| 5676898109 | Tenochtitlan | An ancient Aztec capital on the site of present-day Mexico City. Founded c. 1325, it was destroyed by the Spanish in 1521. | 31 | |
| 5676898111 | Tribute System | A system in which defeated peoples were forced to pay a tax in the form of goods and labor. This forced transfer of food, cloth, and other goods subsidized the development of large cities. An important component of the Aztec and Inca economies. | 32 | |
| 5676898113 | Human Sacrifice | Killing of humans for a purpose like worshiping a god, practiced widely by the Aztecs and a little by the Incas | 33 | |
| 5676898116 | Chinampas | Artificial gardens on floating islands/farms that surrounded Tenochtitlan. Built because of lack of available farmland | 34 | |
| 5676898118 | Mexica | Nahua language spoken, indigenous people in the valley of Mexico known today as the rulers of the Aztec empire | 35 | |
| 5676898120 | Obsidian | rock used in tools in Toletc and Mayans | 36 | |
| 5676898133 | Terrace farming | found in Inca and Aztec civilizations; A new form of agriculture in Aksum where stepped ridges constructed on mountain slopes help retain water and reduce erosion | 37 | |
| 5676898137 | Incas | small group of Quechuan people living in the Cuzco valley in Peru who established hegemony over their neighbors to create the great Inca empire that lasted from about 1100 until the Spanish conquest in the early 1530s | 38 | |
| 5676898138 | Machu Pichu | a city built by the Inca people on a mountaintop in the Andes Mountains in present-day Peru--- Means "great peak" | 39 | |
| 5676950622 | Ghengis Khan | The first great unifier and empire-builder of the Mongol people | 40 | |
| 5676950635 | Xiongnu | Predecessors to the Mongos (~200BCE-200CE); long troubled the development of China | 41 | |
| 5676950639 | Moscow | The center of Russian power moved here from Kiev under Mongol rule | 42 | |
| 5676950640 | Kublai Khan | Khan whose rule of China was expansive and (relatively) enlightened; hosted Marco Polo | 43 | |
| 5676950641 | Persia | Area where Mongol rule devastated the ecology; unlike most areas of the Empire, Mongols assimilated here, many converting to Islam | 44 | |
| 5676950642 | Han Dynasty | Chinese dynasty most affected by teh Xiongnu | 45 | |
| 5676950644 | Kamikaze | Legend of what saved Japan from Mongol invasion | 46 | |
| 5676950647 | Ivan the Great | Russian leader who expelled Mongol rule | 47 | |
| 5676950648 | Khan | "Leader" | 48 | |
| 5676950649 | Pastoral | Peoples most focused on raising of herds, therefore they were often nomadic | 49 | |
| 5676973253 | Yuan Dynasty | Chinese dynasty formed principally from Mongol conquerors | 50 |
