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| 11015999473 | iran | Persian empire was in iran | 0 | |
| 11016063090 | Achaemenids | Persian dynasty which traced its lineage back to an ancestor named Achaemenes; founded by Cyrus | 1 | |
| 11016082327 | Cyrus | Founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. Between 550 and 530 B.C.E. | 2 | |
| 11016094687 | Darius | The third king of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. He ruled the empire at its peak. He organized the empire by dividing it into provinces and placing satraps(subordinates) to govern it. | 3 | |
| 11016133477 | Seleucids | Persian empire (323-83 B.C.E.) founded by Seleucus after the death of Alexander the Great. | 4 | |
| 11016151492 | parthians | Iranian ruling dynasty between ca. 250 B.C.E. and 226 C.E. Persian dynasty. Based in Iran and extended to Mesopotamia. Had very heavy calvary (horses and armored troops). | 5 | |
| 11016208997 | Anatolia | The peninsula between the Mediterranean and the Black Seas that is now occupied by most of Turkey; also called Asia Minor | 6 | |
| 11016219510 | bactria | Indian state on Indus River, set up by Alexander | 7 | |
| 11016239742 | Afghanistan | aria and bactria were eastern satraps of acheanemid empire | 8 | |
| 11016558405 | macedonia | Area between the Greek and Slavic regions; conquered Greece and Mesopotamia under the leadership of Philip II and Alexander the Great | 9 | |
| 11016581008 | indus river | a large river surrounded by fertile land in modern India/Pakistan. | 10 | |
| 11016586859 | persepolis | A complex of palaces, reception halls, and treasury buildings erected by the Persian kings Darius I and Xerxes in the Persian homeland | 11 | |
| 11016598659 | satrapies | the 20 states into which Darius divided the Persian Empire | 12 | |
| 11016602043 | tribute | Money paid for protection | 13 | |
| 11016640472 | royal road | A road for the government use built by the ancient Persian ruler Darius which helped unite the empire kept the path safe because trade=$ | 14 | |
| 11016703415 | standardized coins | Darius' attempt to foster trade by making coins throughout the empire the same | 15 | |
| 11016715300 | "eyes and ear of the king" | imperial spies in persia that traveled throughout the empire with a military force | 16 | |
| 11016763197 | qanat | underground canal used in water systems of ancient Persians | 17 | |
| 11016802438 | xerxes | son of Darius; became Persian king. He vowed revenge on the Athenians. He invaded Greece with 180,000 troops in 480 B.C. | 18 | |
| 11016812069 | alexander of macedonia | The man who set out to conquer the world, and ended up conquering Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine, and Egypt. He defeated the Persians. | 19 | |
| 11016859487 | Zoroastrianism | A religion that developed in early Persia and stressed the fight between the forces of good and the forces of evil and how eventually the forces of good would prevail. | 20 | |
| 11016877740 | magi | wise men | 21 | |
| 11016888505 | homer | A Greek poet, author of the Iliad and the Odyssey | 22 | |
| 11016909811 | the iliad and the odyssey | Stories written by Homer: The Iliad is the primary source of information we have about the Trojan War. The Odyssey tells the story of the struggles of Odysseus on his return home to his wife after the fall of the city of Troy. | 23 | |
| 11016927903 | Myceaneans | Iranian ruling dynasty between ca. 250 B.C.E. and 226 C.E. Part of the civilization following the Minoans. They emerged about 600 B.C. and made bronze weapons and pottery. | 24 | |
| 11016958810 | trojan war | a war, fought around 1200 B.C., in which an army led by Mycenaean kings attacked the independent trading city of Troy in Anatolia | 25 | |
| 11017252319 | king minos and minoans | a king of the Minoans who legend has it owned a half-human, half-bull monster called the "Minotaur" | 26 | |
| 11017261444 | Minoan Linear A and B | Linear forms of writing used by Aegean civilizations during the 2nd millennium BC | 27 | |
| 11017282932 | polis | a city state in ancient Greece, especially as considered in its ideal form for philosophical purposes. | 28 | |
| 11017297955 | helot | a member of a certain class of servants in ancient Sparta | 29 | |
| 11017305668 | pericles | Athenian leader noted for advancing democracy in Athens and for ordering the construction of the Parthenon. | 30 | |
| 11017317377 | olympic games | in ancient Greece, an athletic competition held every four years in honor of Zeus | 31 | |
| 11017329993 | socrates | Greek philosopher; socratic method--questioning; sentenced to death for corrupting Athens youth | 32 | |
| 11017336761 | aristotle | A Greek Philosopher, taught Alexander the Great, started a famous school, studied with Plato | 33 | |
| 11019457594 | plato | (430-347 BCE) Was a disciple of Socrates whose cornerstone of thought was his theory of Forms, in which there was another world of perfection. | 34 | |
| 11019467613 | tyrant | a cruel and oppressive ruler | 35 | |
| 11019473755 | spartan | very disciplined and stern; frugal, living simply, austere, lack of luxury | 36 | |
| 11019495550 | solon | Athenian reformer of the 6th century; established laws that eased the burden of debt on farmers, forbade enslavement for debt | 37 | |
| 11019519910 | Cliesthenes | Father of democracy, ruler over athens 508 BCE | 38 | |
| 11019540324 | persian wars | Conflicts between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire, ranging from the Ionian Revolt (499-494 B.C.E.) through Darius's punitive expedition that failed at Marathon. Chronicled by Herodotus. | 39 | |
| 11019635452 | Pelopponesian War | War between Athens and Sparta, lasted 27 years. Sparta became allies with Persia - Sparta won. | 40 | |
| 11019662050 | hellenistic empire | The name of Alexander the Great's Empire | 41 | |
| 11019714043 | sappho | (born ca. 612 B.C.E.) One of the great poets of the ancient Greeks; her poetry developed the complexities of the inner workings of human beings and love. | 42 | |
| 11019719186 | stoics | Hellenistic group of philosophers; emphasized inner moral independence cultivated by strict discipline of the body and personal bravery | 43 | |
| 11019728663 | Funeral Oration of Pericles | Thucydides wrote this famous speech, given by Pericles after many died in peloponnesian war, talked about honoring dead, Athenian greatness | 44 | |
| 11019743462 | the republic | A form of government in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws. | 45 | |
| 11019751655 | ahura mazda | In Zoroastrianism, the good god who rules the world. | 46 | |
| 11019762030 | Avestas and gathas | avestas: is the religious book of Zoroastrians that contains a collection of sacred texts. gathas: Hymns or poems written by Zarathustra; considered to be the most authoritative expressions of the Zoroastrian religion. | 47 | |
| 11019819244 | Zarathustra | A Persian prophet, traditionally dated to the sixth or seventh century B.C.E. (but perhaps much older), who founded Zoroastrianism. | 48 | |
| 11019847482 | Heradotus | not reliable source of persian war; said there were over 2 million persian soldiers; he interviewed greek veterans so he is most likely bias. | 49 | |
| 11019968985 | Philip II | Macedonian king who sought to unite Greece under his banner until his death or murder. He was succeeded by his son Alexander. | 50 | |
| 11020004456 | Aeschylus | father of greek tragedy | 51 | |
| 11020008105 | Sophocles | wrote the play "antigone" believed in humanism family bonds are stronger/more important than ruler | 52 | |
| 11020044596 | Euripides | A playwright who wrote about 90 tragedies and included strong female characters and smart slaves | 53 | |
| 11020091331 | Thusydides | considered the greatest historian of the ancient world | 54 | |
| 11020103304 | hubris | excessive pride or arrogance | 55 | |
| 11020114962 | Xenephon | (430 - 354 BCE) Athenian writer and student of Socrates known for his account of the final years of the Peloponnesian War and writings about his teacher. | 56 | |
| 11020132837 | Lycurgus | legendary lawgiver of Sparta, established the military-oriented reformation of Spartan society | 57 | |
| 11020146586 | Themistocles | A Greek military leader who convinced the Athenians to build a navy. This helped Athens win a major battle against Persia, the Battle of Salamis. He was ostracized around 471 BCE. | 58 | |
| 11020187133 | trireme | Greek ships built specifically for ramming enemy ships. | 59 | |
| 11020204194 | Phidippides | ran to Athens to announce the Greek victory over the Persians in 490 BC at the Battle of Marathon and is said to have died after making the announcement. | 60 | |
| 11020218553 | phalanx | Formation of soldiers carrying shields close together for defense; any very close group of people | 61 | |
| 11020229519 | Angra Mainyu | evil spirit in zoroastrianism, the explanation for the presence of evil in the world | 62 | |
| 11020301405 | delian league | an alliance headed by Athens that says that all Greek city-states will come together and help fight the Persians | 63 | |
| 11020329268 | Agora | the marketplace in ancient Greece | 64 | |
| 11020340000 | Leonidas | king of Sparta and hero of the battle of Thermopylae where he was killed by the Persians (died in 480 BC) | 65 | |
| 11020359430 | Hoplites | heavily armed Greek infantrymen who marched and fought in close ranks; most of the recruits were middle-class citizens; fought phalanx style | 66 | |
| 11020394979 | parthenon | A large temple dedicated to the goddess Athena on the Acropolis in Athens, Greece. It was built in the 5th century BCE, during the Athenian golden age. | 67 | |
| 11020406668 | Salamis | naval battle where the Greek forces defeated the Persians, shortly after the battle at Thermopylae | 68 | |
| 11020470120 | Thermopylae | it is where the Greek soldiers held off the Persian army for 3 days then the Persians killed every soldier guarding the pass and then marched on to Athens where they set it on fire | 69 | |
| 11020484269 | Acroplis | a large hill in ancient Greece where city residents sought shentler and safety in time of war and met to discuss commuity affairs. | 70 | |
| 11020492287 | agoge | The Spartan military school that boys began attending at the age of seven. | 71 | |
| 11020498874 | humanism | A belief that emphasizes faith and optimism in human potential and creativity | 72 | |
| 11020543663 | Battle of Marathon | Greek victory over the Persian army that ended the First Persian War 490 BCE | 73 | |
| 11020564192 | Guagamela | Site where Alexander the Great conquers Mesopotamia | 74 | |
| 11020590564 | Pasargadae | Capital of Achaemenid/ Persian empire under Cyrus's rule | 75 | |
| 11020980347 | Persian empires | Achaemenid, Seleucid, Parthian, Sassanid | 76 | |
| 11021044985 | Persia | southwestern portion of modern day iran | 77 | |
| 11021077000 | medes & persians | migrated from central Asia to Persian before 1000 BCE | 78 |
