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AP World History- Unit 3 Flashcards

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11606816824Equal field systemChinese system during the Tang dynasty in which the goal was to ensure an equitable distribution of land0
11606816825Grand canalLocated in China, it was one of the world's largest waterworks projects before modern times1
11606816826Neo-ConfucianismPhilosophy that attempted to merge certain basic elements of Confucian and Buddhist thought2
11606816827PorcelainLighter, thinner and adaptable ceramic3
11606816828Song dynastyReigned during the late 10th-13th centuries and had a far-reaching impact on Chinese economy, culture, and society. It was marked by an increasingly urbanized and cosmopolitan society4
11606816829Tang dynastyAn imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui dynasty. Considered to be the Golden Age of China because of its advancements in technology, medicine, and trade. The foundation of their greatness was from the emphasis put into study which led to stronger leadership and ideas.5
11606816830Abbasid dynastyCosmopolitan Arabic dynasty that replaced the Umayyads; founded by Abu al-Abbas and reached its peak under Harun al-Rashid6
11606816831AllahGod of the monotheistic religion of Islam7
11606816832Caliph"Deputy," Islamic leader after the death of Muhammad8
11606816833dar al-IslamThe "house of Islam", a term for the Islamic world. It refers to lands under the Islamic rule as a whole; it continued to grow during the Abbasid era.9
11606816834Five Pillars of IslamThe foundations of Islam: 1. Profession of faith 2. prayer 3. fasting during Ramadan 4. almsgiving 5. pilgrimage or hajj10
11606816835hajjPilgrimage to Mecca11
11606816836IslamMonotheistic religion announced by the prophet Muhammad; influenced by Judaism and Christianity, Muhammad was considered the final prophet because the earlier religions had not seen the entire picture12
11606816837jizyaTax in Islamic empires that was imposed on non-Muslims13
11606816838Ka'abamain shrine in Mecca, goal of Muslims embarking on the hajj14
11606816839MuhammadProphet of Islam15
11606816840QuranIslamic holy book that is believed to contain the divine revelations of Allah as presented to Muhammad16
11606816841Sunni"Traditionalists," the most popular branch of Islam; Sunnis believe in the legitimacy of the early caliphs, compared with the Shiite belief that only a descendant of Ali can lead17
11606816842ummaIslamic term for the "community of the faithful"18
11606816843Ummayad dynastyArabic dynasty, with its capital at Damascus, that was marked by a tremendous period of expansion to Spain in the west and India in the east19
11606816844Melaka (Malacca)Southeast Asian kingdom that was predominantly Islamic20
11606816845AxumAfrican kingdom centered in Ethiopia that became an early and lasting center of Coptic Christianity21
11606816846caste systemclass structure that is determined by birth.22
11606816847Byzantine EmpireLong-lasting empire centered at Constantinople; it grew out of the end of the Roman empire, carried the legacy of Roman greatness, and was the only classical society to survive into the early modern age; it reached its early peak during the reign of Justinian23
11606816848caesaropapismConcept relating to the mixing of political and religious authority, as with the Roman emperors, that was central to the church-versus-state controversy in medieval Europe24
11606816849VikingsA group that raided the British Isles from their home at Vik in southern Norway25
11606816850shamansReligious specialists who possessed supernatural powers and who communicated with the gods and the spirits of nature26
11606816851Yuan dynastyChinese dynasty that was founded by Genghis Khan's grandson27
11606816852BantuCollective name of a large group of sub-Saharan African languages and of the peoples speaking these languages.28
11606816853Great ZimbabweLarge sub-Saharan African kingdom in the 15th century29
11606816854Mali empireWest African kingdom founded in the 13th century by Sundiata; it reached its peak during the reign of Mansa Masu30
11606816855SundiataFounder of the Mali empire, also the inspiration for the Sundiata, an African literary and mythological work31
11606816856SwahiliEast African city-state society that dominated the coast from Mogadishu to Kilwa and was active in trade. Also a Bantu language of East Africa, or a member of a group who speaks this language32
11606816857Marco PoloItalian merchant whose account of his travels to China and other lands became legendary33
11606816858reconquistaCrusade, ending in 1492, to drive the Islamic forces out of Spain34
11606816859three estatesThe three classes of European society, composed of the clergy #1, the aristocrats #2 and the common people #335
11606816860HangzhouCapital of later Song dynasty; located near East China Sea; permitted overseas trading; population exceeded 1 million36
11606816861MeccaOriginal city of Islam, birthplace of Muhammad, location of the hajj37
11606816862MongolsNomadic horse-people from the eastern steppe of Asia that created the largest empire in the history of the world.38
11606816863Pax Mongolica (13th-14th centuries)Mongols guaranteed safe passage for traders, missionaries, and travelers such as Marco Polo, trade flourished, silk, Asian artistic designs moved westward, Mongols gain incredible wealth taxing the trade, peaceful travel across Asia, cultural exchanges, exchange of ideas, medical, mathematics, finance, engineering knowledge flows between China and Middle East, printing, gunpowder transmitted from China to Europe, spread of bubonic plague.39
11606816864Spice RoadsThe trade of spices from Asia and India to Italian and Muslim merchants who would then trade it to Europeans.40
11606816865BaghdadLocated on the Silk Roads, it was the capital city of the Abbasid Caliphate.41
11606816866Horse collarHarnessing method that increased the efficiency of horses by shifting the point of traction from the animal's neck to the shoulders; its adoption favors the spread of horse-drawn plows and vehicles42
11606816867Mansa MusaGreatest Mali king; brought Mali to its peak of power and wealth from 1312 the 1337; expanded borders, maintained peace and order, religious freedom and tolerance; hajj to Mecca; built Timbuktu43
11606816868TimbuktuPort city of Mali; located just off the flood plain on the great bend in the Niger River; population of 50,000; contained a library and university.44
11606816869Ibn BattutaMoroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan45
11606816870Caravanseraia roadside inn where travelers (caravaners) could rest and recover from the day's journey; supported the flow of commerce, information and people across the network of trade routes covering Asia, North Africa and Southeast Europe, especially along the Silk Road.46
11606816871Astrolabeastronomical tool for solving problems relating to time and the position of the Sun and stars in the sky, in relation to the equator47
11606816872Hanseatic Leaguea commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and their market towns in Europe before 1450s48
11606816873BananasArrived to Africa via Southeast Asia, cultivation increased the supply of food, enriched diets, and allowed the population to expand more rapidly than before.49
11606816874bubonic plaguepathogen spread via the increased interactions amongst peoples on/around trade routes in Eurasia50
11606816875Peasant LaborSystem in Europe that kept individuals tied to land and land-owning elites51
11606816876Foot BindingPractice in Song Dynasty, increased patriarchal attitudes of society52

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