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| 7768581454 | Which empire was a continuation of the Roman Empire? | The Byzantine empire was a continuation of the Roman empire, but not including the city Rome | 0 | |
| 7768629955 | What is Caesaropapism? | When emperor had political AND religious authority | 1 | |
| 7779736854 | Describe Byzantine government. | Highly centralized, with an extensive, complex bureaucracy | 2 | |
| 7779750116 | Name 4 trade routes the Byzantines used. | -The Silk Roads -Mediterranean Trade -Indian Ocean Trade -Trans-Saharan Trade | 3 | |
| 7779940065 | What is the "Theme System"? | A system in which the lands on the outskirt of the empire is given for free to peasant soldiers, but they had they to fight to protect their land on their own | 4 | |
| 7779983651 | What were the Crusades? | Holy wars to retake the Jerusalem and Holy land from the Seljuk Turks | 5 | |
| 7779998913 | What was promised to soldiers who fought in the Crusades? | Forgiveness of sins was promised | 6 | |
| 7780004566 | Describe the results of the Crusades. | -Short term recapture of Jerusalem -Thousands of Muslims, Jews, and Byzantine Christians were killed -Spoils from Byzantium and the Middle East enriched Europe -Westerners brought back loot and ideas -long-distance trade connections were formed | 7 | |
| 7780062995 | What was the sack of Constantinople? | During the 4th Crusade, western crusaders killed and raped thousands of Byzantine Christians, and looted and destroyed artifacts | 8 | |
| 7780126355 | What did Emperor Justinian do for the Roman Empire? | He briefly reunified the Roman Empire | 9 | |
| 7780129807 | What was the Justinian Code? | Thousands of Roman laws that were gathered, codified and simplified. They preserved core Roman laws, and influenced law throughout European history | 10 | |
| 7780143812 | True or False: Western Europe was briefly added to the Byzantine Empire | True | 11 | |
| 7780149106 | What is the Hagia Sophia, and who was it built by? | It was built by emperor Justinian, and was the worlds largest church at the time | 12 | |
| 7780159918 | Who were the Franks? | A group of Germanic tribes that set up small states in West Europe | 13 | |
| 7780165209 | Who was Emperor Charlemagne? | "Charles the Great"; he was crowned as the first "Holy Roman Emperor" by the pope | 14 | |
| 7780171306 | What is odd about the "Holy Roman Empire"? | The empire did not include Rome. The people were Germanic | 15 | |
| 7780175890 | Describe the the Holy Roman Empire. | -The empire was made up of Germanic peoples -Emperors had few powers over regional leaders (lords/princes) -Regions/states paid tribute to the empire | 16 | |
| 7780187511 | Describe the Habsburg Dynasty. | The Habsburgs ruled the Holy Roman Empire from 15th to 19th century, and ruled Austria until World War 1 | 17 | |
| 7780196606 | What was feudalism? | A political, economic, and social system based on land ownership **It was found in places with no central government | 18 | |
| 7780202391 | Where did feudalism begin, and when? | In Western Europe after the fall of Rome | 19 | |
| 7780208368 | Where did feudalism spread? | It slowly spread to eastern Europe as Byzantium weakened, and lasted longer there | 20 | |
| 7780214822 | Describe the pyramid of feudalism from most to least powerful. | -Monarch -Lord -Vassals -Knights -Free peasants and Serfs | 21 | |
| 7780224633 | What is a vassal? | Someone given land by lords, and can be lords to those below them | 22 | |
| 7780231045 | What is a fief? | Land given to vassals | 23 | |
| 7780232857 | What are knights? | Vassals who provide military service | 24 | |
| 7780236780 | What is the difference between free peasants and serfs? | The main difference is that free peasants could leave their land whenever they wanted, but serfs were bound to their land. Free peasants paid rent for land, and some owned small land. Serfs paid their lords with food and labor | 25 | |
| 7780256021 | Describe Catholic Christianity (Name meaning, geography/center, leader, language, etc.) | **Catholic means "universal" -It was centered in Rome, and the Pope has supremacy over all -Priests were celibate and unmarried -Language = Latin | 26 | |
| 7780269498 | Describe Orthodox Christianity (Name meaning, geography/center, leader, language, etc.) | **Orthodox means "traditional/true" -It was centered in Constantinople -The emperor had supremecy over all -Priests could marry -Language = Greek | 27 | |
| 7780282196 | What was the Great Schism? | The splitting of the Christian church- differences between the East and West churches boiled over and the Pope and Patriarch both excommunicated each other | 28 | |
| 7780334557 | Name the two main plagues/sicknesses in the Byzantine Empire. | -Bubonic: deadly, contracted from fleas -Pneumonia: cough | 29 | |
| 7780351069 | Where in the Byzantine Empire was most effected by the plague? | Port cities like Constantinople | 30 | |
| 7780357281 | Describe the Black Death/Bubonic Plague when it later hit all of Europe; how was it spread? | The plague was carried by Mongol warriors and traders from China -1/3 population was lost in Europe, Egypt, and Syria | 31 | |
| 7780423749 | Describe 4 attempts to stop the plague. | 1) A doctors robe, with a special mask to keep away "disease causing smells" 2) Leeching, to get rid of the bad blood 3) Flagellants, or self punishment for sins 4) Persecuting Jews | 32 | |
| 7780377720 | What were guilds? | Organizations of artisans who shared the same trade, in which members monopolized their products, and set prices and quality standards | 33 | |
| 7780383532 | Why were guilds important? | Because they helped one another when in need | 34 | |
| 7780388117 | Describe climate change in Europe. | -800-1300: there was a warming trend -1300-1800: The Little Ice Age | 35 | |
| 7780394995 | What were the results of Europe's warming trend? | -agricultural productivity increases -more peasant uprisings throughout Eurasia -migrations | 36 | |
| 7780399642 | What were the results of the Little Ice Age? | -less agricultural productivity -more peasant uprisings throughout Eurasia -migrations | 37 | |
| 7780408308 | What was the Hanseatic league? | -A northern Europe trading organization in which a variety of traders took part -Common defense to protect trade from pirates | 38 | |
| 7780441142 | Describe the overall change of Europe from the start of the chapter to the end. (6) | -The Renaissance -Trade and ocean exploration -Gutenberg printing press -University systems grew -France and England unified -Byzantine empire collapsed | 39 | |
| 7780450927 | What was Venetia? | A powerful, independent Italian republic with a trade-based economy; enriched by the Crusades | 40 | |
| 7780455114 | Describe the path of goods from China. | China - Muslim traders - Venetia or Constantinople | 41 | |
| 7780469816 | Describe the path of goods from the Trans-Saharan trade | Sub-Saharan - Alexandria & Carthage - Venetia - Western Europe | 42 | |
| 7780486990 | Who was Marco Polo? | A man from a Venetian merchant family who traveled to China via the Silk | 43 | |
| 7780502244 | How did Marco Polo influence society? | His stories inspired other Europeans to explore and trade along the Silk Road, and he inspired Columbus to find a new sea route to Asia | 44 | |
| 7780510997 | Why Polo go to China? | He served the Mongol leader, Kublai Khan | 45 | |
| 7780517896 | Why were people skeptical of Polo's stores? | They doubted his accounts of China's high living | 46 | |
| 7780534338 | How did the Sahara affect Africa? | It acted as a separator between societies, cultural and languages | 47 | |
| 7780593750 | What was the dominant religion in Sub-Saharan Africa? | Islam | 48 | |
| 7780597780 | What was the Trans-Saharan Trade? | Caravans between Sub-Saharan and North Africa | 49 | |
| 7780601982 | What did Muslim caliphates do for the Trans-Saharan Trade? | The trade increased under Muslim caliphates | 50 | |
| 7780614957 | What goods came from Sub-Saharan Trade? | Gold, salt, ivory, slaves | 51 | |
| 7780630226 | What was the most popular beast of burden in Africa? | Camels | 52 | |
| 7780632493 | Where did slaves go to from Sub-Saharan Africa? | Northern Arab traders | 53 | |
| 7780645194 | Describe the spread of bananas/banana cultivation. | Southwest Asia - Madagascar - Africa | 54 | |
| 7780652269 | Describe Bantu migration patterns. | From northwest Nigeria and then spread throughout Sub-Sahara | 55 | |
| 7780681774 | Describe Bantu political organization. | They were a "stateless society"; one form of social organization. Bantu societies had little or no government; they governed themselves through family and kinship | 56 | |
| 7780688878 | Describe Bantu social organization. | Bantu people settles in villages; male heads of families constituted a villages ruling council | 57 | |
| 7780706292 | How did Bantu language diffuse? | Bantu speakers migrated, and the language was diffused through Indian Ocean and Trans-Saharan Trade) and different dialects were created. Swahili in East Africa was a mix of Bantu and Arabic | 58 | |
| 7780719251 | Describe the importance of the Indian Ocean Trade. | The Indian Ocean Trade was trade with Arabs and Indians, as well as indirect trade with China and Southeast Asia. It spread Islam | 59 | |
| 7780729793 | Who were the first to convert to Islam? | Chiefs and merchants | 60 | |
| 7780849521 | What areas did the Abbasid caliphate include? | Persia, Arabia, Egypt, and Spain | 61 | |
| 7780856406 | Name 3 trade organizations/routes the Islamic world was part of. | The Indian Ocean Trade, the Silk Road Trade, and the Trans-Saharan Trade | 62 | |
| 7780892832 | Describe the importance of Mecca. | Not only was it an important trade city in Arabia, but it was the birthplace or Muhammad and the religious center of Islam | 63 | |
| 7780896461 | What is the Ka'ba? | A cube-shaped shrine that housed a black rock | 64 | |
| 7780905388 | Describe the importance of Medina? | Muhammad journeyed to Medina after being kicked out of Mecca | 65 | |
| 7780917353 | Who were the "People of the Book", and how were they treated? | Christians and Jews; At first they were persecuted, but because they also believed in one Hod, they were respected and were allowed to worship if they payed a tax | 66 | |
| 7780931582 | What is Jizya? | A tax Christians and Jews must pay to freely worship; its purpose was to encourage them to convert to Islam | 67 | |
| 7780936381 | Describe Muhammad's early life as well as his enlightenment. | Muhammad was an Arab merchant from Mecca. In about 610, he got visions from the Angel Gabriel, that there is only one God. | 68 | |
| 7780940165 | Why was Muhammad kicked out of Mecca? | Because he began to criticize pagan shrines, which interfered with pilgrimages, which is "bad for business" | 69 | |
| 7780943271 | Who was called the "Seal of the Prophets", and what does that mean? | Muhammad was, and this means that he was the last of the prophets | 70 | |
| 7780946469 | What is the holy book of Islam? | The Quran | 71 | |
| 7780950639 | What is the hadith? | a collection of traditions containing sayings of the prophet Muhammad that, with accounts of his daily practice constitute the major source of guidance for Muslims apart from the Quran | 72 | |
| 7780955508 | What happened when Muhammad returned to Mecca? | The cities' pagans were driven out, the pagan shrines were destroyed, and although the Ka'ba was left alone, only Muslims may approach | 73 | |
| 7780957262 | What was the language of Islam? | Arabic | 74 | |
| 7780959857 | What are the 5 Pillars of Islam? | 1) Faith (only 1 God) 2) Prayer (5 times a day towards Mecca) 3) Fasting (during month of Ramadan) 4) Alms Giving (donation to the poor) 5) The hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca | 75 | |
| 7780963804 | What is the umma? | a community of believers | 76 | |
| 7780965836 | Compare and contrast Sunni and Shia Islam. | Shia: -Only Ali's descendants should lead umma -Minority -Today, lead by Ayatollahs Sunni: -Later caliphs don't hve to be blood relatives of Muhammad or Ali | 77 | |
| 7780972829 | Describe the characteristics of the Umayyad Dynasty. | -Capital = Damascus -Favored Arabs -Spain to Northern India -Jizya tax -NO images or statues | 78 | |
| 7780976965 | Describe the characteristics of the Abbasid Dynasty. | -Greater support from the Shia + non-arabs -More cosmopolitan -Capital = Baghdad -Ideas from India, Greece, and Persia | 79 | |
| 7780982086 | What was the significance of Baghdad? | it was the Abbasid capital, and one of the largest and richest cities worldwide | 80 | |
| 7780986355 | What does jihad mean? | The religious duty of Muslims to maintain the religion | 81 | |
| 7780988712 | What is Sharia law? | Sharia, Islamic sharia or Islamic law is the religious legal system governing the members of the Islamic faith. It is derived from the religious precepts of Islam, particularly the Quran and the Hadith | 82 | |
| 7780988717 | What is a caliph? | A religious and political leader of the umma | 83 | |
| 7780990279 | What is a caliphate? | The reign of a caliph | 84 | |
| 7780994369 | What was the Mamluk Sultanate? | A medieval realm spanning Egypt, created by the surviving Abbasid family that fled the Mongols | 85 | |
| 7781000581 | Describe the significance of the Mamluk Sultanate. | It kept Mongol forces out of Africa | 86 | |
| 7781001609 | How did the Umayyad Caliphate fall? | It was overthrown by the Abbasid Caliphate | 87 | |
| 7781005097 | How did the Abbasid Caliphate fall? | It was overthrown by Mongols | 88 | |
| 7781007319 | Describe major developments in math, science, and other ancient texts. | -Science, math, and philosophy were prevelant -India, Greece and Persia --> ideas spread and translated to Arabic -Aristotle was especially valued -Algebra was created -Ideas reintroduced to Europe by Crusaders | 89 | |
| 7781013552 | What major crops spread throughout the Muslim empire? | Sugar, cotton, and citrus | 90 | |
| 7781016903 | Describe Islamic rule in Spain | -The Franks ruled | 91 | |
| 7781021639 | Describe the importance of Constantinople. | It was originally called "Byzantium", but it was renamed and made the eastern Roman capital. It had a strategic location, and therefore there was more connection for trade, and was more urban | 92 | |
| 7781032149 | Name an important person who adopted Orthodox Christianity | Vladimir of Kiev | 93 | |
| 7781042285 | Medina | 94 | ||
| 7781042522 | Mecca | 95 | ||
| 7781043208 | Baghdad | 96 | ||
| 7781047559 | Jerusalem | 97 |
