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| 5655772959 | Foundations of Islam | by the prophet Muhammad, it began in 622 after his flight to Medina from Mecca, which also marked the start of the Muslim calendar. | 0 | |
| 5655787339 | The Qur'an | the book in which Muhammad's revelations were complied into (632) |  | 1 |
| 5655792914 | Shari'a | body of Islamic law to regulate daily living | 2 | |
| 5655806129 | Sunni | a branch of Islam that regards the first three caliphs as legitimate, and that the caliphs should be selected based on merit. | 3 | |
| 5655818966 | Shi'ites | a branch of Islam that believes caliphs should only be chosen if they are directly related to Muhammad and have his bloodline. | 4 | |
| 5655823789 | Caliph | the chief Muslim civil and religious ruler, regarded as the successor of Muhammad. The caliph ruled in Baghdad until 1258 and then in Egypt until the Ottoman conquest of 1517 | 5 | |
| 5656332761 | Jihad | "Holy Wars" - a war or struggle against unbelievers | 6 | |
| 5656340900 | People of the Book | Jews and Christians as regarded by Muslims. | 7 | |
| 5656344347 | Jizyah | a per capita yearly tax historically levied by Islamic states on certain non-Muslim subjects | 8 | |
| 5656351154 | Dhimmi | "protected person" - refers to specific individuals living in Muslim lands, who were granted special status and safety in Islamic law in return for paying the capital tax. | 9 | |
| 5656356513 | Islamic Prophets | Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, Muhammad | 10 | |
| 5656366081 | Hijrah | (622 CE) Muhammad flees Mecca to Medina |  | 11 |
| 5656372231 | Muhammad | the central figure of Islam and widely regarded as its founder by non-Muslims. He is known as the "Holy Prophet" to Muslims, almost all of whom consider him to be the last prophet sent by God to mankind. | 12 | |
| 5656378190 | Cave of Hira | (610 CE) Muhammad receives his first revelation from the angel Gabriel | 13 | |
| 5656382310 | Allah | the Arabic word referring to God in Abrahamic religions | 14 | |
| 5656387471 | The Spread of Islam | successful due to Islam being easy to practice, lacked religious hierarchy, allowed other religions to be practiced in their homeland (Arabian peninsula), and military conquests to the north, east, and west. |  | 15 |
| 5656405217 | Regions Practicing Islam | (622) Arabian peninsula (632 - 661) all of the Middle East to Afghanistan, North Africa |  | 16 |
| 5656396250 | Infidel | a pejorative term used in certain religions for those who do not believe the central tenets of one's own religion, are members of another religion, or are not religious. "pagans" | 17 | |
| 5656418586 | Umayyad Caliphate | (661 - 750) conquering remained but slowed down, reaching from India to Spain. Began instituting Jizyah. |  | 18 |
| 5656429515 | Abbasid Caliphate | (750 - 1258) the golden age of Islam, under Caliph Harun Al-Rashid. traded along the silk road (Baghdad), borrowed ideas from Rome and Greece. | 19 | |
| 5656447070 | Siege of Baghdad | lasted from January 29 until February 10, 1258, entailed the investment, capture, and sack of Baghdad, the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate, by Il-khanate Mongol forces and allied troops. | 20 | |
| 5656468736 | The Five Pillars of Islam | 1.) Shahadah: sincerely reciting the Muslim profession of faith. 2.) Salat: performing ritual prayers in the proper way five times each day. 3.) Zakat: paying an alms (or charity) tax to benefit the poor and the needy. 4.) Sawm: fasting during the month of Ramadan. Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca. |  | 21 |
| 5657842209 | Delhi Sultanate | a Muslim kingdom based mostly in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for 320 years. | 22 |
