Terms : Hide Images
| 5618176349 | Eurasian Silk Roads |  | 0 | |
| 5618179998 | Indian Ocean Sea Lanes |  | 1 | |
| 5618185834 | Mediterranean Sea Lanes |  | 2 | |
| 5618188585 | Caravanserai | An inn with a large courtyard that provides accommodation for caravans. | 3 | |
| 5618188586 | Compass | an instrument containing a magnetized pointer that shows the direction of magnetic north and bearings from it. | 4 | |
| 5618196279 | Astrolabe | An instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets | 5 | |
| 5618196280 | Junk | A very large flatbottom sailing ship produced in the Tang and Song Empires, specially designed for long-distance commercial travel. | 6 | |
| 5618199865 | Flying Money | Chinese credit instrument that provided credit vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of the voyage; reduced danger of robbery; early form of currency | 7 | |
| 5618199866 | Silk | A fine material produced in China and spread throughout the entire continent. | 8 | |
| 5618203422 | Cotton | a soft white fibrous substance that surrounds the seeds of a tropical and subtropical plant and is used as textile fiber and thread for sewing. | 9 | |
| 5618203423 | Porcelain | a thin, beautiful pottery invented in China | 10 | |
| 5618420951 | Precious metals | Metals such as gold and silver that have high value. | 11 | |
| 5618420952 | gems | a rare and attractive mineral that can be worn as jewelry | 12 | |
| 5618587118 | slaves | people doing forced labor with no opportunity to escape and not pay for their work. | 13 | |
| 5618592605 | Inca Road network | the most extensive and advanced transportation system in pre-Columbian South America | 14 | |
| 5618596601 | Marco Polo | a Venetian merchant traveller, whose travels are recorded in The Travels of Marco Polo, c. 1300, a book that introduced Europeans to Central Asia and China. | 15 | |
| 5618596602 | Zheng He | He commanded the Ming dynasty's fleet of immense trading vessels on 7 different expeditions ranging as far as Africa | 16 | |
| 5618610097 | Grand Canal | The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzte Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire. | 17 | |
| 5618610098 | Stirrup | a saddle put onto a horse which allows the rider to be able to use his hand and it has a place where the rider puts his foot in. | 18 | |
| 5618614380 | Pure Land Buddhism | Emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among masses of Chinese society. | 19 | |
| 5618614381 | Zen Buddhism | a Buddhist sect that emphasizes enlightenment through meditation and stresses simplicity and discipline | 20 | |
| 5618619134 | Neo-Confucianism | term that describes the resurgence of Confucianism and the influence of Confucian scholars during the T'ang Dynasty; a unification of Daoist or Buddhist metaphysics with Confucian pragmatism | 21 | |
| 5618622926 | The Tale of Genji | written by Lady Murasaki; first novel in any languange; relates life history of prominent and amorous son of the Japanese emperor's son; evidence for mannered style of the Japanese society. | 22 | |
| 5618625287 | Moveable type printing | a printing press with block letters that can be rearranged in many different ways to create sentences and phrases. | 23 | |
| 5618625288 | Gunpowder | an explosive consisting of a powdered mixture of saltpeter, sulfur, and charcoal | 24 | |
| 5618627982 | Footbinding | Practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household | 25 | |
| 5618632471 | Bureacracy | a system of government that includes different job functions and levels of authority. | 26 | |
| 5618635698 | Civil Service Exam | In Imperial China starting in the Han dynasty, it was an exam based on Confucian teachings that was used to select people for various government service jobs in the nationwide administrative bureaucracy. | 27 | |
| 5618635699 | Scholar Exam | An exam taken by scholars to be able to take an office in a government | 28 | |
| 5618659344 | jinshi | a type of degree offered by ancient Chinese Imperial Examination | 29 | |
| 5618659345 | Feudalism | the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the Crown gives land to the nobility to the vassals to the peasants lives on the land and give homage, labor, and a share of the produce, for military protection and service | 30 | |
| 5618663676 | Daimyo | one of the great lords who were vassals of the shogun | 31 | |
| 5618663677 | Samurai | Class of warriors in feudal Japan who pledged loyalty to a noble in return for land. | 32 | |
| 5618667210 | Shogun | A general who ruled Japan in the emperor's name | 33 | |
| 5618667211 | Bushi | samurai | 34 | |
| 5618671727 | bakufu | the military government of Japan between 1192 and 1868, headed by the shogun | 35 | |
| 5618671728 | Taika Reforms | The Reform began with land reform, based on Confucian ideas and philosophies from China, but the true aim of the reforms was to bring about greater centralization and to enhance the power of the imperial court, which was also based on the governmental structure of China. | 36 | |
| 5618675193 | Shintoism | a Japanese religion that focuses on ritual practices, it is to be carried out diligently, to establish a connection between present-day Japan and its ancient past. | 37 | |
| 5618678345 | Khan/ Khagan | title in the Mongolian language equal to the status of emperor | 38 | |
| 5618681921 | Khanate | a political entity ruled by a Khan or Khagan | 39 | |
| 5618685920 | Il-Khanate | a khanate that formed the southwestern sector of the Mongol Empire, ruled by the Mongol House of Hulagu | 40 | |
| 5618689066 | Khanate of the Golden Horde | the army of Mongol Tartars that overran eastern Europe in the 13th century, established a khanate in Russia, and maintained suzerainty there until the 15th century | 41 | |
| 5618696595 | Chagada/ Chagatai Khanate | a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate that comprised the lands ruled by Chagatai Khan, second son of Genghis Khan, and his descendants and successors | 42 | |
| 5618700262 | Khanate of the Great Khan (Yuan Dynasty) | the empire or ruling dynasty of China established by Kublai Khan, leader of the Mongolian Borjigin clan | 43 | |
| 5618700263 | Sinification | a process whereby non-Han Chinese societies come under the influence of Han Chinese state and society | 44 | |
| 5618709129 | Ghengis Khan | founder of the Mongol empire; born Temujin. He took the name Genghis Khan ('ruler of all') in 1206 after uniting the nomadic Mongol tribes, and by the time of his death his empire extended from China to the Black Sea | 45 | |
| 5618711768 | Kublai Khan | Mongol emperor (1260-1294) and founder of the Mongol dynasty in China. A grandson of Genghis Khan, he conquered the Song dynasty (1279) and established a great capital, now Beijing, where he received Marco Polo (1275-1292) | 46 | |
| 5618711769 | Empress Wu | Emperor Wu Zetian was considered 'an excellent woman politician in Chinese feudal time' by Dr. Sun Yat-sen's wife Soong Ching-ling. She had many titles: the concubine of Emperor Taizong, the empress of Emperor Gaozong, the mother of Emperor Zhongzong and Emperor Ruizong, and a nun in the temple. But her most glorious title was that she was the only female emperor in Chinese history who actually ruled the whole country for almost half a century. | 47 | |
| 5618714272 | Trung sisters | heroines of the first Vietnamese independence movement, who headed a rebellion against the Chinese Han-dynasty overlords and briefly established an autonomous state | 48 | |
| 5618714273 | Timur the Lame | Timur (c. 1336-1405) was born in 1336 in central Asia, about 50 miles south of the city we know today as Samarkand in modern Uzbekistan. He was Turkic and descended from the Mongols. Timur is also known by Western scholars today as Tamerlane, a name which developed from the words "Timur the Lame." Timur was partially crippled from an early age and was missing two fingers on his right hand. He walked with a limp. | 49 | |
| 5618722296 | Pax Mongolica | After the Mongols conquered many lands and created their enormous empire there came a peaceful time called the Pax Mongolica. Pax Mongolica, also known as the Mongol Peace was a period of time where peace, stability, economic growth, cultural fusion and cultural development were happening around the Mongol's occupied territories. Pax Mongolica was a time of spreading different ideas and a great cultural expansion around Europe and Asia. Pax Mongolica basically enabled a widespread global communication with the different nations ruled by the Mongols. This led different cultures to blend with each other and combine different philosophies. One example of this blend was the adaptation of Mongols to Islam. | 50 | |
| 5618724711 | Chinampas | type of Mesoamerican agriculture which used small, rectangular areas of fertile arable land to grow crops on the shallow lake beds in the Valley of Mexico | 51 | |
| 5618724712 | Waru Waru | an agricultural technique developed by pre Hispanic peoples in the Andes region of South America | 52 | |
| 5618727056 | Terracing | make or form (sloping land) into a number of level flat areas resembling a series of steps | 53 | |
| 5618727057 | Mita system | mandatory public service in the society of the Inca Empire | 54 | |
| 5618731785 | Free peasant agriculture | peasants who have no pay, tied to land instead of lord, and no tax | 55 | |
| 5618737383 | Ayllu system | groups of extended families who lived near each other in small villages, towns, or farming settlements | 56 | |
| 5618742185 | Sui Dynasty | reunified China -Sui rulers vastly extended the canal system -but their ruthlessness and failure to conquer Korea alienated people, exhausted states resources -dynasty was overthrown, but state didn't disintegrate | 57 | |
| 5618742186 | Tang Dynasty | dynasty built on Sui foundations Tang & Song dynasties -established patterns of Chinese life that lasted into 20th century -regarded as a "golden age" of arts and literature (poetry, landscape painting, ceramics of high order) -birth of Neo-Confucianism (Confucian revival w/ added elements of Buddhism and Daoism) Politics -6 major ministries were created, along with the Censorate for surveillance over govt -examination system revived to staff the bureaucracy (encouraged by 1st printing of books) -proliferation of schools and colleges -large share of official positions went to sons of the elite -large landowners continued to be powerful, despite state efforts to redistribute land to the peasants -elite women in the north had had greater freedom than during Song dynasty | 58 | |
| 5618745304 | Song Dynasty | -large landowners continued to be powerful, despite state efforts to redistribute land to the peasants "Economic revolution" under the Song -great prosperity -rapid population growth (from 50 million-60 million during Tang dynasty to 120 million by 1200) -great improvement in agricultural production -China was the most urbanized region in the world (capital Hangzhou had more than 1 million people) -great network of internal waterways -provided a cheap transport system that bound China together -great improvements in industrial production (iron industry greatly increased output) -invention of print -best navigational and shipbuilding technology in the world -invention of gunpowder Production for the market rather than for local consumption was widespread -cheap transportation allowed peasants to grow specialized crops -government demanded payment of taxes in cash, not in kind -growing use of paper money and financial instruments -the era wasn't very "golden" for women (tightening of patriarchal restriction on women) | 59 | |
| 5618745305 | Yuan Dynasty | The Yuan dynasty, officially the Great Yuan, was the empire or ruling dynasty of China established by Kublai Khan, leader of the Mongolian Borjigin clan | 60 | |
| 5618748807 | Ming Dynasty | The Ming dynasty was the ruling dynasty of China—then known as the Empire of the Great Ming—for 276 years following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. | 61 | |
| 5618751040 | Toltecs/ Aztecs | a nomadic tribe in northern Mexico, arrived in Mesoamerica around the beginning of the 13th century. From their magnificent capital city, Tenochtitlan, the Aztecs emerged as the dominant force in central Mexico, developing an intricate social, political, religious and commercial organization that brought many of the region's city-states under their control by the 15th century | 62 | |
| 5618751041 | Incas | A Native American people who built a notable civilization in western South America in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The center of their empire was in present-day Peru. Francisco Pizarro of Spain conquered the empire. | 63 | |
| 5618753196 | Mongols | A people of this name is mentioned as early as the records of the Tang Empire, living as nomads in northern Eurasia. After 1206 they established an enormous empire under Genghis Khan, linking western and eastern Eurasia. | 64 | |
| 5618755478 | Seljuk Turks | nomadic Turks from Asia who conquered Baghdad in 1055 and allowed the caliph to remain only as a religious leader | 65 | |
| 5618755479 | Jurchens | Founders of Qin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of the Yellow River basin and forced Song to flee to south. | 66 | |
| 5618758922 | The Maori | a member of the aboriginal people of New Zealand. | 67 | |
| 5618758923 | The Silla | the Silla kingdom allied with Tang dynasty China to bring some political unity -but Chinese interference provoked military resistance -China made do with a tributary relationship after 688 Korea generally maintained political independence under the Silla (688-900) | 68 | |
| 5618760995 | The Koryo | Korean dynasty that ruled from 935-1392, Replaced the Silla Dynasty in Korea capital was Songak metal type print led to mass productionn of books also produced celadon -adopted cultural sinification | 69 | |
| 5618760996 | The Viets | the experience of Vietnam was broadly similar to that of Korea but Vietnam's cultural heartland in the Red River valley was part of the Chinese state from 111 b.c.e. to 939 c.e. -real effort at cultural assimilation of elite -provoked rebellions a. great rebellion of Trung sisters (39-43 c.e.) -rebellion in early tenth century c.e. established Vietnam as separate state -remained tributary to China Vietnamese rulers adopted the Chinese approach to government -examination system helped undermine established aristocrats -elite remained deeply committed to Chinese culture Much of distinctive Vietnamese culture remained in place -language, cockfighting, betel nuts, greater roles for women -kept nature goddesses and a "female Buddha" in popular belief -developed a variation of Chinese writing, chu nom ("southern script") -tributary relationship with China -agricultural, sedentary society -shaped by proximity to China but did not become Chinese | 70 | |
| 5618763473 | Chams | Indianized rivals of the Vietnamese; driven into the highlands by the successful Vietnamese drive to the south. | 71 | |
| 5618766156 | Khmers | Indianized rivals of the Vietnamese; moved into Mekong River delta region at time of Vietnamese drive to the south | 72 |
