Terms : Hide Images
| 238499257 | medieval | Literally 'middle age,' a term that historians of Europe use for the period ca. 500 to ca. 1500, signifying its intermediate point between Greco-Roman antiquity and the Renaissance. (p. 250) | |
| 238499258 | Clovis | king of the Franks who unified Gaul and established his capital at Paris and founded the Frankish monarchy | |
| 238499259 | secular | Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters | |
| 238499260 | monasteries | where monks lived; played a major role in early medieval society and government; educated monks and laypeople and preserved learning and knowledge through book copying | |
| 238499261 | Franks | Germanic people who lived and held power in Gaul. Their leader was Clovis and he would later bring Christianity to the region. By 511 the Franks had united into one kingdom and they controlled the largest and strongest parts of Europe. | |
| 238499262 | Carolingian Dynasty | a Frankish dynasty founded by Charlemagne's father that ruled from 751 to 987 | |
| 238499263 | Charlemagne | King of the Franks (r. 768-814); emperor (r. 800-814). Through a series of military conquests he established the Carolingian Empire, which encompassed all of Gaul and parts of Germany and Italy. Illiterate, though started an intellectual revival. (250) | |
| 238499264 | Charles Martel | the Frankish commander for the battle of Tours. He defeated the Muslimsin the Battle of Tours, allowing Christianity to survive throughout the Dark Ages. He in a way started Feudalism by giving land to his knights that served for him. | |
| 238499265 | feudalism | a political and social system that developed during the Middle Ages; nobles offered protection and land in return for service | |
| 238499266 | lord & vassal | Basically Feudalism, in where the lord trades a fief, or land right, to a noble man who pledges military support and loyalty for said fief. | |
| 238499267 | fief | an estate; from a few acres to hundreds of square miles; also included the peasants that worked the land | |
| 238499268 | tithe | a tax equal to a tenth of one's income; this idea existed in ancient religions before Christianity; used to help the poor | |
| 238499269 | chivalry | a code that knights adopted in the late Middle Ages; requiring them to be brave, loyal and true to their word; they had to fight fairly in battle | |
| 238499270 | clergy | A body of officials who perform religious services, such as priests, ministers or rabbis. | |
| 238499271 | canon law | the Church's own body of laws; this law applied to religious teachings, the behavior of the clergy, and even marriages and morals | |
| 238499272 | sacraments | Sacred rituals performed by the Catholic church. There are seven: baptism, confirmation, marriage, communion, penance, holy order (that is, becoming a priest), and extreme unction (words spoken at the death bed). | |
| 238499273 | lay investiture | The appointment of bishops and abbots by secular rulers, often in exchange for temporal protection. | |
| 238499274 | Henry IV of Germany | Holy Roman Emperor who gathered Bishops together to renounce the Pope; was excommunicated but begged forgiveness | |
| 238499275 | Pope Gregory VI | Pope who excommunicated a German emperor because he believed the church should be free from secular control | |
| 238499276 | Concordat of Worms | A compromise between the king and the Pope that started that the church alone could grant a bishop his ring and staff (church power) but his power could be vetoed by the king |
