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AP World History Unit 3A Flashcards

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5798373962Cultural Differentiationdifferences between cultures that make one group distinguishable from another0
5798373963Cultural DiffusionThe spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one society to another1
5798373964BantuA common group of people that slowly migrated from Nigeria and Cameroon starting around 3000 BCE to most of the rest of Africa by 1000 BCE2
5798373965MuhammadProphet founder of Islam who spread the message of God3
5798373966AllahGod in Arabic4
5798373967Shari'athe code of law derived from the Koran and the teachings of Muhammed5
5798373968Five Pillars of Islamthe basic acts forming foundation of Islam, considered mandatory by believers to reach reward in afterlife (heaven)6
5798373969MeccaCity in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, and ritual center of the Islamic religion7
5798373970HajjA pilgrimage to Mecca, one of Five Pillars of Islam8
5798373971KaabaA black box building in center of Mecca- most sacred Muslim pilgrim shrine9
5798373979Gold, SaltValuables of trans-saharan trade10
5798373980Ghana, Mali, SonghaiMiddlemen civilizations of trans-saharan trade11
5798373981Sahel Kingdomscollective name for Ghana, Mali, Songhai12
5798373982IslamCultural impact of trans-saharan trade13
5798373983SwahiliTrade language of east Africa which is combination of Persian, Indian, Indonesian, Arabic, and Bantu14
5798373990JerusalemCity where Muhammad ascended to heaven15
5798373991Dome of the RockMuslim shrine containing the rock from which Mohammad is believed to have risen to heaven; Jews believe Abraham prepared to sacrifice his son Isaac on the rock16
5798373992Medinatrade city where Muhammad fled to and spread Islam17
5798373993MosqueA Muslim place of worship18
5798373994Rightly Guided CaliphsThe first four Caliphs are collectively known as19
5798373995CaliphsBlood-line successors of Muhammad who ruled Islamic world20
5798373996Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, AliThe first four Caliphs21
5798373997UmayyadsFirst great Islamic Empire; kept highly segregated social order with Mawali (non-Arab Muslims) being second class citizens. Capital at Damascus.22
5798373999Shia (Shiites)Branch of Islam which believes Islam should be ruled by direct descendants of Muhammad23
5798374000SunniBranch of Islam which believes Islam can be ruled by most worthy Muslim24
5798374002CaravanseraiSafe havens invented by Abbasids in which merchants in trans-saharan trade could stay25
5798374003AstrolabeAn Abbasid-invented navigational tool26
5798374004DhowAbbasid invented hardy ocean capable ship with triangular (lateen) sails27
5798374008SufismBranch of Islam with no leadership; very personal28
5798374009BaghdadAbbasid Capital; became a major center of learning and trade.29
5798374010Abbasid"Golden" Islamic Empire which spread Islam through trade and synthesis. Preserved Classical Mediterranean knowledge. Very tolerant and inclusive.30
5798374017TimbuktuMali city that became a center of wealth and learning- part of trans-Saharan trade31
5798374022HadithSecondary accounts of sayings of the Prophet Muhammad, used to supplement the revelations contained in the Qur'an.32
5798374026Algebra, Arabic Numerals, ZeroIslamic math contributions33
5798374027Tolerant, Trade, Inventions, Literature, DiversityEvidence of Abbasid empire as golden age34
5798374028ByzantineEastern Roman Empire which lasted a long time but wasn't influential for very long35
5798374029JustinianEarly Byzantine Emperor from 527-565 who promoted Eastern Orthodox and created a law code36
5798374030Great Schism (1054)First split in Christianity as a result of tension between Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox37
5798374033Hagia SophiaMassive church built by Justinian in Constantinople; later a Mosque, now a museum38
5798374037Medieval PeriodDisorganized time in Europe from 476 (Fall of Rome) to 1450 (Height of Renaissance)39
5798374040Battle of ToursBattle where Charles Martel stopped the Islamic advance at the Pyrenees mountains north of Spain preserving European Christianity40
5798374045FeudalismSystem where king distributes land among lords who rule and protect their territory paying taxes to the king41
5798374057ManorA large estate, often including farms and a village, ruled by a lord.42
5798374058VassalA person who received a grant of land from a lord in exchange for a pledge of loyalty and services43
5798374059TitheA church tax, which was usually 10% of one's income44
5798374060SerfA peasant who lived on and farmed a lord's land in feudal times45
5798374062Holy LandJerusalem and parts of the surrounding area where Jesus lived and taught46
5798374064SaladinNoble and powerful Islamic leader who fought with King Richard during 3rd Crusade; made peace treaty47
5798374065King RichardEnglish leader who signed peace treaty to end Third Crusade allowing Christians to visit holy land48
5798374093Jihad"Holy war", spread islam through conquest like Umayyad49
5809318535ConstantinopleBuilt by Emperor Constantine; Eastern Roman Capital50
5809335698PatriarchHead of Eastern Orthodox Church; rival of the Pope51
5809389941CovenantAgreement between God and the Israelites; "chosen people"52
5809399494Abrahamfounder of Judaism; monotheism53
5809404357Jesusfounder of Christianity54

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