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| 8306744692 | Encomienda | Spanish got labor and tribute from indigenous people and required Spanish to look after welfare of workers. | 0 | |
| 8306744693 | Hernán Cortés | Spanish leader of the conquest of the Aztec empire in Mexico | 1 | |
| 8306746918 | Francisco Pizarro | Spanish leader of the conquest of the Incan empire in Peru | 2 | |
| 8306746919 | Viceroy | Spanish governors in Mexico and Peru that answered to the Monarchs in Spain | 3 | |
| 8306748596 | Audiencias | Courts that heard appeals against viceroys' decisions and conducted reviews of viceroys' performance at the end of terms | 4 | |
| 8306748597 | Treaty of Tordesillas | Divided the world along imaginary line and stated that Spain could claim land west of that line (Americas) and Portugal same rights for lands east of the line (Brazil, Africa, India and Spice Islands) | 5 | |
| 8306750228 | Zheng He | Chinese explorer who led missions into the Indian Ocean in order to establish relationships and show Chinese dominance in the region. | 6 | |
| 8306750229 | Ming Treasure Ships | Sent with Zheng He to bring gifts to neighboring countries and to show China's dominance. | 7 | |
| 8306750230 | Prince Henry the Navigator | Portuguese commander who captured trade ports in Morocco and established schools to navigation which led to early Portuguese dominance in Exploration. | 8 | |
| 8306752221 | Bartolomeu Dias | First to round the Cape of Good Hope in Africa from Europe | 9 | |
| 8306752222 | Vasco da Gama | First to sail to India around Africa from Europe. Opened up trade route to Asian goods that linked directly to Europe. | 10 | |
| 8306752223 | Christopher Columbus | Discovered the Americas while sailing to find a new trade route to India for Spain. | 11 | |
| 8306754431 | Astrolabe | Used by navigators to measure the position in the sky of a celestial body, day or night. Helped increase exploration | 12 | |
| 8306754432 | volta do mar | The circular wind and water currents of the Atlantic. Used by the Portuguese and later explorers to enable better sailing techniques. | 13 | |
| 8306756305 | Ferdinand Magellan | Led the first expedition to sail around the globe and first European to cross the Pacific Ocean. Sailed for Spain. | 14 | |
| 8306756306 | Captain James Cook | English Explored who mapped much of the Pacific and visited the Arctic and Antarctic. | 15 | |
| 8306756307 | Columbian exchange | Global diffusion of plants, food crops, animals, human populations, and disease pathogens that took place after voyages by Christopher Columbus and other European mariners | 16 | |
| 8306759432 | Manila Galleons | Ships that sailed from Spanish ports in Mexico carrying silver to the Philippines where they trades for spiced and other Asian goods. | 17 | |
| 8306759433 | Joint-Stock company | A business, often backed by a government charter, that sold shares to individuals to raise money for its trading enterprises and to spread the risks (and profits) among many investors. | 18 | |
| 8306759434 | Hegemony | leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others. | 19 | |
| 8306762129 | Indentured Labor | Labor system used mainly in North America where a person would have their passage tot he Americas paid for and in return they would provide a term of service (7 years) | 20 | |
| 8306762130 | The Virgin of Guadalupe | Roman Catholic site in Mexico of a vision of the Virgin Mary that became a pilgrimage site. | 21 | |
| 8306762131 | Aboriginal | Indigenous Australian People | 22 | |
| 8306764172 | Polynesian | Indigenous people of Oceania | 23 | |
| 8306764173 | Triangular Trade | First leg carried European manufactured goods exchanged in sub-Saharan Africa for slaves. Second leg took enslaved Africans to Caribbean and Americas. Third leg took American products back to Europe. | 24 | |
| 8306765579 | Middle Passage | Trans-Atlantic journey made by slaves on crowded slave ships. Faced dire conditions. | 25 | |
| 8306765580 | Iberian | Peninsula where Spain and Portugal are located. | 26 | |
| 8306767076 | Mestizos | Born of European and Indigenous parents. Middle of Colonial Latin American Society. | 27 | |
| 8306772827 | Mulattoes | People of Spanish and African descent. | 28 | |
| 8306772828 | Zambos | People of Amerindian and African descent | 29 | |
| 8306772829 | Peninsulares | Spanish/Portuguese migrants born in Europe from the Iberian peninsula. Highest social class in colonial Latin America. Occupied highest positions of government. | 30 | |
| 8306777412 | Creoles | People born in the Americas of Iberian parents. Second highest social class in colonial Latin America. Made an elite class but bared from highest positions. | 31 | |
| 8306777413 | Mita system | Required labor for indigenous people used int he Andes by the Inca and later the Spanish for work in silver mines. | 32 | |
| 8306779589 | Quinto | 1/5 of silver from the Americas given to the Spanish crown. | 33 | |
| 8306781393 | Hacienda | The estate. Focus of Spanish agricultural production in colonial Americas. | 34 | |
| 8306781395 | Engenho | Portuguese sugar mills in Brazil which combined agriculture and industry. | 35 | |
| 8306783328 | African diaspora | The dispersal of African peoples and descendants; left a permanent mark throughout the western hemisphere. | 36 | |
| 8306783329 | Maroons | Runaway slaves from Latin and South America that created their own communities. | 37 | |
| 8306784901 | Syncretic | Blending of religions; specifically Christianity in the Americas and Oceania. | 38 | |
| 8306784902 | Sunni Ali | Leader of the Songhay emperor in Westen Africa | 39 | |
| 8306786945 | Timbuktu | Major trading city in Western Africa | 40 | |
| 8306786946 | King Nzinga Mbemba/ King Afonso I | Leader of the Kongo who converted to Christianity to do better business with the Portuguese and endorse his rule | 41 | |
| 8306788586 | Queen Nzinga | Rules kingdom of Ndongo and resisted the Portuguese for 40 years | 42 | |
| 8306788587 | Dona Beatriz | Kongolese woman who proclaimed St. Anthony of Padua possessed her and chose her to communicate his messages. Taught syncretic Antonian movement to Africans. | 43 | |
| 8306790312 | Martin Luther | German monk whose grievances against the Church began the Protestant Reformation. | 44 | |
| 8306790313 | 95 Thesis | Luther's document that stated grievances with the church such as corruption, the selling of indulgences and a secularized ruling elite. | 45 | |
| 8306791673 | Johannes Gutenberg | Inventor of the printing press which helped spread Protestant literature and contributed to the Reformation | 46 | |
| 8306791674 | John Calvin/ Calvinism | Founder of sect of Protestantism based in Geneva. Believed in strict adherence to the Bible and Predestination. | 47 | |
| 8306791675 | Council of Trent | Catholic meeting about what to do in response to the Protestant reformation. Decided to uphold beliefs of the Catholic Church and cut down on secularism. | 48 | |
| 8306794638 | St. Ignatius Loyola | Founder of the Jesuits. Catholic group that worked a missionaries to spread the Catholic faith using education. | 49 | |
| 8306819194 | The Thirty Years' War | War fought in Central Europe between Catholics and Protestants and the deadliest European religious war in history | 50 | |
| 8306819195 | Geocentric | Earth centered universe | 51 | |
| 8306820489 | Nicolas Copernicus | Proposed a heliocentric universe and helped begin the Scientific Revolution. | 52 | |
| 8306820490 | Heliocentric | Sun centered universe | 53 | |
| 8306822629 | Johannes Kepler | Discovered the laws of planetary motion. | 54 | |
| 8306822630 | Isaac Newton | Invented calculus and the laws of motion. | 55 | |
| 8306822631 | Leonardo da Vinci | Italian Renaissance painter and scientist whose works include the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper. | 56 | |
| 8306825782 | Donatello | Renaissance sculptor from Florence | 57 | |
| 8306825783 | Michelangelo Buonarroti | Renaissance Painter and Sculptor whose works include the Sistine Chapel and the David. | 58 | |
| 8306827978 | Desiderius Erasmus | Early Humanist scholar who translated many works | 59 | |
| 8306827979 | Petrarch | Known as the father of humanism traveled around Europe searching for Classical Greek and Roman manuscripts | 60 | |
| 8306830213 | Humanism | Philosophy that emphasizes the value of human beings and prefers critical thinking and evidence over acceptance of superstition. | 61 | |
| 8307233447 | Renaissance | Cultural rebirth that occurred in Europe from the 14th through the 17th centuries, based on the rediscovery of the literature of Greece and Rome | 62 | |
| 8307244071 | Reformation | A 16th-century movement for the reform of abuses in the Roman Catholic Church ending in the establishment of the Reformed and Protestant Churches. | 63 |
