Period 5
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| 9411553978 | Prince Henry the Navigator | Visionary leader who promoted exploration throughout the world, the first in a series of European royalty to sponser seafaring expeditions | 0 | |
| 9411553979 | Bartholomew Diaz | Sailed around the souther tip of Africa (Cape of Good Hope), turned back because of fear of mutiny | 1 | |
| 9411553980 | Italy | Previously controls trade in the Mediterranean by taxes, imitated by the Portuguese | 2 | |
| 9411553981 | Vasco da Gama | sailed around Africa to India, claimed territory for Portugal and created trading ports for Portugal | 3 | |
| 9411553982 | Spain | Commonly known for expansion in the Americas, present in the Philippines, first to circumnavigate the globe | 4 | |
| 9411553983 | Treaty of Tordesillas | 1494, divides South America in two, Spain had right to claim any non Christian land west of the line and Portugal could claim any non Christian land east of the line | 5 | |
| 9411553984 | Ferdinand Magellan | Son of a Portuguese noble but his voyage was sponsored by Spain, his crew was the first to circumnavigate the globe, started with 200 men and 5 ships, killed in tribal conflict in the Philippines, only 18 men actually completed the circumnavigation | 6 | |
| 9411553985 | Christopher Columbus | Supported by Spain's monarchs (King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella), original intent to get to the East Indies or China | 7 | |
| 9411553986 | Columbian Exchange | Transmission of crops, livestock, disease, and vermin between the New and Old Worlds | 8 | |
| 9411553987 | Diseases in the Americas | Spanish conquerors brought a variety of diseases to the Americas, smallpox is the most commonly known disease but influenza and measles also killed a large portion of the population | 9 | |
| 9411553988 | Silver | Easier to mine and process but just as valuable as gold, Spanish start multiple mining towns in South America | 10 | |
| 9411553989 | Sugar | Portugal builds plantations for this crop, particularly in Brazil, imported slaves to work on these plantations | 11 | |
| 9411553990 | Hernan Cortes | Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs, offered gold by the Aztecs to leave but this only fueled his desire for conquest, disease helped him defeat the Aztecs | 12 | |
| 9411553991 | Francisco Pizarro | Attacked the Incans and captured their ruler Atahualpa | 13 | |
| 9413849969 | Peninsulares | People living in the New World but born in the Iberian Peninsula | 14 | |
| 9413849970 | Creoles | People who were descendants of Europeans born in the Americas | 15 | |
| 9413849971 | Mestizos | People of mixed Native American and European ancestry | 16 | |
| 9413849972 | Mulattoes | People with both African and European ancestry | 17 | |
| 9413849973 | Zambos | People of mixed Native American and African descent. | 18 | |
| 9413849974 | Martin Luther | Monk from Wittenberg, one of the first major Protestant leaders, objected the sale of indulgences, nailed his objections to the Catholic Church (95 Theses) to a church door, Luther taught that women had a connection to God and had roles in the family | 19 | |
| 9413849975 | John Calvin | French theologian, broke off from the Catholic Church, encouraged hard work hard and reinvest their profits, eventually lead to Puritans in England | 20 | |
| 9413849976 | Henry VIII | Wanted to annul his first wife (Catherine of Aragon) because she bore him several daughters, the pope did not give him permission because she was the aunt of Charles V (the Holy Roman Emperor), went through the English Parliament and set up the Church of England or Anglican Church | 21 | |
| 9413849977 | Counter Reformation | Catholic Church's attempt to stop the protestant movement and to strengthen the Catholic Church, 3 pronged strategy | 22 | |
| 9413849978 | Inquisition | Part of the counter reformation, established to root out and punish nonbelievers and even used torture to achieve its ends | 23 | |
| 9413849979 | Jesuits (Society of Jesus) | Part of the counter reformation, founded in 1540 and undertook missionary activity in Europe and abroad | 24 | |
| 9413849980 | Council of Trent | part of the Counter Reformation, corrected some of the worst of the churches abuses and concentrated on reaffirming the rituals such as marriage and other sacraments, even published the Index of Prohibited Books (writings that the Church considered dangerous to ones faith if read | 25 | |
| 9413924882 | Peace of Augsburg | 1555, result of religious conflicts in Germany, allowed each German state to decide whether its ruler would be Catholic or Lutheran, whatever denomination the ruler was would also be the religion of the people | 26 | |
| 9413924883 | Huguenots | French Protestants influenced by John Calvin | 27 | |
| 9414045773 | King Henry IV | Tried to unify France by converting to Catholicism even though he was a Protestant by birth, eventually issued the Edict of Nantes (allowed Huguenots to practice their religion in France), lead to religious tolerance in France for the next 87 years | 28 | |
| 9414045774 | The Thirty Years' War | 1618-1648, war between German states over Catholicism vs. Protestantism, lead to economic catastrophe in Western Europe | 29 |
