Terms : Hide Images
| 324159359 | Popular Sovereignty | Enlightenment ideal; blief that citizns give the right to rule | 0 | |
| 324159360 | Second Treatsie of Civil Government | paper written by John Locke; said individuals granted political rights to rulers but retained personal rights of life, liberty, and property; one of most influential theories of contractual government | 1 | |
| 324159361 | Jean-Jacques Rousseau | prominent advocate of political equality; French-Swiss thinker that identified with simpole working people and resented privilieges of elite classes; write the Social Contract | 2 | |
| 324159362 | John Locke | English philosopher that wrote the Second Treatsie of Civil Government; believed soverignty should be with the people | 3 | |
| 324159363 | The Social Contract | influential book written by Jean-Jacques Rousseau; argued that all individuals should participate directly in the formulation of policy and creation of laws | 4 | |
| 324159364 | Estates General | assembly that represented the entire French population through groups known as estates; 3 in total- Roman Catholic clergy, nobles, and the rest of the population | 5 | |
| 324159365 | American Revolution | revolution of 13 British colonies for independence; wanted representation in government; Declaration of Independence written during this time | 6 | |
| 324159366 | French Revolution | began with third estate's secession; rallied against monoplization of top 2 estates; wrote Declaration of the Rights of Man; the Convention was formed (representative body); Convention becomes too radical and the Directory is formed; Napoleon takes over | 7 | |
| 324159367 | Concordant | pact between Napoleon and the pope stating the French state would retain all chuch land seized during revolution as long as the state paid clerics' salaries, recognized Roman Catholic Christianity as France's official religion, and extended freedom of religion to Jews and Protestant Christians | 8 | |
| 324159368 | Ideology | a coherent vision of human nature, human society, and the larger world that proposes a particular form of political and social organization as ideal | 9 | |
| 324159369 | Napoleon | brilliant French military leader that conquered France and surrounding areas; wanted to build a powerful France; emipre fell when he invaded Russia during winter | 10 | |
| 324159370 | Simon Bolivar | South American creole that fought for independence; wanted to build large state called Gran Colombia | 11 | |
| 324159371 | Conservatism | change in a society occurs slowly over generations and is a natural progression | 12 | |
| 324159372 | Liberalism | change should be managed directly for the best interests of society | 13 | |
| 324159373 | Congress of Vienna | meeting of the "great powers" (Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia) after the fall of Napoleon to decide how to stabliize Europe once again; wanted to create a new balance of power that prevented any one state from dominating another | 14 | |
| 324159374 | Nationalism | ideology that helped unite people through a common language, common tradtional values, common cultural traits; constructed themselves into political, social, and cultural groups | 15 | |
| 324159375 | Otto von Bismarck | Prime Minister of Prussia that tried to unify Germany; reformed and expanded the Prussian army and helped the Prussian monarch gain power | 16 | |
| 324159376 | Zionism | movement to create a Jewish state in Palestine | 17 | |
| 324159377 | Toussaint Louverture | son of slaves that became a livestock overseer in Haiti; became a leader of the revolutoin when rebellion began; skilled orgainzer that built a strong, disciplined army that allowed Haiti's success | 18 | |
| 324159378 | Haitian Revolution | only sucessful slave revolt in history; slaves revolted against white rule | 19 | |
| 324159379 | Industrialization | process of transforming agricultural societies into industrial ones; technological and organizational changes transformed manufacturing and led to increased productivity | 20 | |
| 324159380 | Steam Power | coal is burned to boil water and create steam which drove mechanical devices that did work | 21 | |
| 324159381 | James Watt | instrument maker that invented the general-purpose steam engine | 22 | |
| 324159382 | Monopolies | domination of one group in an area of economics and trade | 23 | |
| 324159383 | Trusts | companies that joined together to reduce competition and control prices | 24 | |
| 324159384 | Cartels | consolidation and cooperation of independent companies in the same business to ensure prosperity | 25 | |
| 324159385 | Socialism | term used to describe efforts of socialists to alleviate social/economic problems generated by capitalism and inustrialization; wanted a just and equitable society | 26 | |
| 324159386 | Communist Manifesto | document written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that said the struggle between classes drove history and that the working class would rebel and take control; worked toward a radically egalitarian society | 27 | |
| 324159387 | Marxism | the political, economic, and social principles and policies advocated by Karl Marx that hold that human actions and institutions are economically determined and that class struggle is needed to create historical change and that capitalism will ultimately be superseded | 28 | |
| 324159388 | Karl Marx | oe of most prominent socialists; wrote the Communist Manifesto; wanted a society where all were equal; | 29 | |
| 324159389 | Vertical Organization | type of monopoly where one company dominates all facets of an industry (gathering of materials, production, shipping, sale); offered large companies advantages over small ones | 30 | |
| 324159390 | Horizontal Organization | the consolidation and cooperation of independent companies in the same business to dominate one facet completely | 31 | |
| 324159391 | Mass Production | the large-scale production of a product; aided by interchangebale parts and the assembly line | 32 | |
| 324159392 | Henry Ford | American entrepreneur that improved industry through the development of the assembly line | 33 | |
| 324159393 | Corporation | a private business owned by many investors (individual and institutional) that bought stocks representing shares in the company; most common form of business organization in industrial societies | 34 | |
| 324159394 | Crystal Palace | a magnificent structure made of iron and glass that housed trees, gardens, fountains, and manufactured products from around the world; built in London in 1851 | 35 | |
| 324159395 | Demographic Transition | the shifting patterns of fertility and mortality | 36 | |
| 324159396 | Utopian Socialists | those that wished to establish ideal communities that would point the way to an equitable, perfect society | 37 | |
| 324159397 | Raw Materials | unused materials that could be used in industries to make products; cotton, iron, steel | 38 | |
| 324159398 | Zaibatsu | huge industrial empire; commonly organized around a single family and operated/controlled companies in multiple industries | 39 | |
| 324159399 | Manifest Destiny | belief of some Americans to occupy all of North America from the Atlantic to Pacific Ocean | 40 | |
| 324159400 | Emancipation Proclamation | document that made the abolition of slavery a goal of the Civil War; promised abolition of slavery and freedom of slaves of states in rebellion | 41 | |
| 324159401 | Mexican-American War | war between the United States and Mexico in which the United States acquired one half of the Mexican territory; began when the US accepted Texas as a state | 42 | |
| 324159402 | Caudillos | regional military leaders that came to power in Latin America; restored order to states, limited freedom, and undermined republican ideals | 43 | |
| 324159403 | Railroad Time | the name given to the standardized time arrangement used by railroads; different local times were synchronized and a single standard time applied; adopted by the general public | 44 | |
| 324159404 | Canadian National Policy | program of economic development in Canada to attract migrants, protect nascent industries, and build national transportation systems; experienced booming agricultural, mineral, and industrial production as a result | 45 | |
| 324159405 | Gauchos | Latin American cowboys that rode horses and herded cattle; most prominent in Argentine pampas; integral symbol of Latin American identity | 46 | |
| 324159406 | Trail of Tears | path of Cherokee's forced removal from the eastern woodlands to Oklahoma; most important of Indian relocations and had a huge death toll | 47 | |
| 324159407 | Louisiana Purchase | purhcase of French territory extending from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains; part of Manifest Destiny; doubled the size of the US | 48 | |
| 324159408 | The Metis | those of mixed European and indigenous ancestry in Canada; part of revolt movements | 49 | |
| 324159409 | Seneca Falls Convention | meeting in 1848 where feminists wrote a "declaration of sentiments"; demanded equal rights for women | 50 | |
| 324159410 | La Reforma | movement in Mexico to limit the military and Roman Catholic Church's power; curtailed military elites' and preists' prerogatives and allowed confiscation of church property | 51 | |
| 324159411 | Capitulations | agreements with European powers that gave Europeans advantages in foreign nations; provided extreterritoriality | 52 | |
| 324159412 | Mahmud II | sole survivor of dynasty after Janissaries' killing spree; became sultan and launched a reform program to fight European enroachment and separatist ambitions; remodeled Ottoman institutions alond Europan guidelines | 53 | |
| 324159413 | Tanzimat | "reorganization" era of the Ottoman empire; tempor of reform increased rapidly; focused on changing the military | 54 | |
| 324159414 | Young Turks | most active dissident organization; also known as the Ottoman Society for Union and Progress; vigorously promoted reform and wanted universal suffrage, equality before law, freedom of religion, free public education, and emancipation of women | 55 | |
| 324159415 | Abd al-Hamid | placed in power after radical coup; developed army and administration according to Tanzimat principles; fromed a police force, educational reforms, and railroads | 56 | |
| 324159416 | Crimean War | war between Russia and a coalition of Britain, France, the kingdom of Sardinia, and the Ottoman empire; Russian loss demonstrated Russia's inability to fight industrial powers | 57 | |
| 324159417 | Zemstovs | district assemblies crated to deal with local issues of health, education, and welfare; created in an attempt to apeace serfs | 58 | |
| 324159418 | Count Sergei Witte | Russia's minister of finance; driving force behind Russian industrialization; implemented policies to stimulate economic development | 59 | |
| 324159419 | Opium Wars | series of wars fought between European powers and China over the sale of opium; first one began when the Chinese destroyed British opium products | 60 | |
| 324159420 | Unequal Treaties | series of pacts in China that guided Chinese foreign relations; took away tributary states and opened Chinese ports | 61 | |
| 324159421 | Opium Trade | trade of opium for Chinese goods; best way for foreign nations to establish trade with China | 62 | |
| 324159422 | Taiping Rebellion | rebellion in China against the Qing dynasty and Manchu rule; wanted to abolish private property, create communal wealth, prohibit footbinding/concubinage, simplify writing, and procide a free public education; ended in defeat | 63 | |
| 324159423 | Self-Strengthening Movement | period of institutional reforms following a series of military defeats and concessions to foreign powers; sought to blend Chinese cultural traditions with European industrial technology | 64 | |
| 324159424 | Spheres of Influence | areas in China where foreign powers held economic and social influence and power | 65 | |
| 324159425 | Boxer Rebellion | antiforeign uprising supported by Cixi; killed foreigners and Chinese Christians; resulted in stricter European control | 66 | |
| 324159426 | Meiji Restoration | period of reform in Japan to help industrialize and get out from underneath European control; centralized political power by destroying old feudal order, changed taxes to fixed rate, and instituted a representative body (the Diet) | 67 | |
| 324159427 | 100 Days Reform | period of reform in China that was radical and wanted to remake China into an industrial society, regardless if it changed Chinese culture | 68 | |
| 324159428 | Imperialism | foreign dominance and control o another country's economy; wanted to keep culture separate | 69 | |
| 324159429 | Colonialism | settling of foreign lands; wanted cultures to mix and intermingle | 70 | |
| 324159430 | Suez Canal | p canal dug across the isthmus of Suez in Egypt; opened shipping and shortened the sea voyage between Europe and Asia | 71 | |
| 324159431 | Sepoy | Indian troop under British command | 72 | |
| 324159432 | The Berlin Conference | meeting of European powers that divided Africa into regions of European control/colonization | 73 | |
| 324159433 | Monroe Doctrine | document issued by President James Monroe that stated the Americas were off limits to European involvement | 74 | |
| 324159434 | Sino-Japanese War | war between Japan and China over Korean rebellion; Japanese unable to accept further Qing control of Korea, important trade region, after Korea rebels | 75 | |
| 324159435 | Charles Darwin | English biologist theorizing about evolution; wrote The Origin of Species; argued that all living things had evolved over 1000's of years in a contest of survival | 76 | |
| 324159436 | The Origin of Species | book written by Charles Darwin that spoke of evolution; contained notes about "survial of the fittest" | 77 | |
| 324159437 | Social Darwinism | adaptation of Darwin's theories on evolution to explain the development of human societies; believed better/more fit people evolved to higher states than others; used to justify European domination | 78 | |
| 324159438 | Ram Mohan Roy | educated Indian elite that argued for the creation of an India under devotion to Hinduism and modern European science; mobilized educated Hindus and advanced socail reform in India | 79 | |
| 324159439 | Spanish-American War | war between the US and Spain over Cuban and Puerto Rican revolt (US had large business investment); began when US battleship Main explodes; resulted in Cuba's independence as well as the US annexing Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines | 80 | |
| 324159440 | Panama Canal | canal cut across the isthmus of Panama by United States Army engineers; shortened the sea voyage between the east and west coasts of North America | 81 | |
| 324159441 | Company Rule | company rules and dominates government | 82 |
