APWH Unit 5 1750 - 1870
"Revolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World"
"The Early Industrial Revolution"
"Nation Building & Economic Transformation in the Americas"
"Africa, India, & the New British Empire"
"Land Empires in the Age of Imperialism"
"The New Power Balance"
"The New Imperialism"
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| 6240225982 | Seven Years War 1756-1763 | England vs. France England wins India and midwest territories in the US Both countries raised taxes | 0 | |
| 6240225983 | The Englightenment | liberal movement that applied Scientific Revolution to everyday life; most philosophers were French | 1 | |
| 6240225984 | John Locke | most influential to Revolutions/Declarations; believed people are born good, have natural rights, limited government, citizens have duty to overthrow bad governments | 2 | |
| 6240225985 | Jean Jacques Rousseau | believed in minimum government control, collective good, hated oppression, valued the majority | 3 | |
| 6240225986 | Thomas Hobbes | not as liberal; wrote Leviathan; believed in social order because people were born bad | 4 | |
| 6240225987 | Montesquieu | believed in division of government powers | 5 | |
| 6240225988 | Voltaire | inspired 1st Amendment: freedom of religion, speech, and press; was against monarchy, brought ideas from China | 6 | |
| 6240225989 | despots | Catherine the Great of Russia & Frederick of Prussia; patronized the Enlightenment | 7 | |
| 6240225990 | "Common Sense" | written by Thomas Paine to spur revolution among colonists | 8 | |
| 6240225991 | Estates General | First Estate: clergy Second Estate: nobles Third Estate: peasants, merchants, artisans, bourgeoisie 98% of population | 9 | |
| 6240225992 | National Assembly | collectively unifies Third Estate, wrote up Declaration of Rights of Man, was called for arrest | 10 | |
| 6240225993 | Storming of Bastille | July 14, 1789: beginning of French Revolution | 11 | |
| 6240225994 | guillotine | "humane" execution method, symbol of violent French revolution | 12 | |
| 6240225995 | The Terror | 1793-1794: Robespierre's ruthless, bloody, dictatorial rule of the French Revolution | 13 | |
| 6240225996 | National Convention | radical liberal group (Jacobins & Girondists & more extreme Mountain faction), hated the Church | 14 | |
| 6240225997 | Maximilien Robespierre | leader of National Convention Mountain faction; executed anyone who supported monarchy, eventually arrested and executed | 15 | |
| 6240225998 | The Directory | 5 man group elected after The Terror; got nothing done | 16 | |
| 6240225999 | Napoleon Bonaparte | popular authoritarianism; limited Church; liberal reforms; forced French culture upon conquered people; repressed women & freedoms of speech/press | 17 | |
| 6240226000 | Toussaint Louverture | led Haitian Revolution, was imprisoned in France | 18 | |
| 6240226001 | Haitian Revolution | 1794 -1804 | 19 | |
| 6240226002 | American Revolution | 1776 - 1783 | 20 | |
| 6240226003 | French Revolution | 1789 - 1792 | 21 | |
| 6240226004 | Congress of Vienna | Napoleon's enemies (Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria) meet up to reestablish monarchy and conservatism, results in Holy Alliance that represses liberalism/nationalism in Spain & Italy | 22 | |
| 6240226005 | Greek independence | from Ottomans in 1830s | 23 | |
| 6240226006 | Revolutions of 1848 | all across continental Europe, including second French Revolution (monarchy overthrown forever) | 24 | |
| 6240226007 | industrializing European nations by 1850 | England, Wales, France, Belgium, Germanic states | 25 | |
| 6240226008 | 5 innovations that led to industrial economy | mass production (division of labor), mechanization, iron manufacturing, steam engine, electric telegraph | 26 | |
| 6240226009 | Muhammad Ali | driving force of Egyptian industrialization, built up Egyptian economy/military, ordered peasants to grow cotton | 27 | |
| 6240226010 | causes of the Industrial Revolution | 1- population growth 2- agricultural revolution 3- trade/inventiveness 4- england | 28 | |
| 6240226011 | Technological Revolution | mass production (pottery), mechanization (cotton industry), iron industry (cheap), steam engine (most revolutionary invention, allowed deeper travel), railroads (triggered coal industry) | 29 | |
| 6240226012 | Latin American Revolution | 1810-1825; started by creole elites who feared lower classes taking control; inspired by Napoleon and Enlightenment | 30 | |
| 6240226013 | Laissez-faire | economic system supported by Adam Smith (father of economics) where the government has no intervention in the economy and it is self regulated by the people | 31 | |
| 6240226015 | Simon Bolivar | led Venezuela's independence, inspired others, was a smart, military elite, led by force/charisma to gain mulattoes/slaves/natives as allies, promised them gains but lied | 32 | |
| 6240226016 | Jose de San Martin | led Southern Liberation Forces | 33 | |
| 6240226017 | Gran Columbia | formed in 1824; confederation of newly independent Latin American states | 34 | |
| 6240226018 | Mexican Independence | 1810-1823; was Spain's richest colony; priests Hidalgo & Morelos led violent rebellions and were crushed by loyalists; second rebellion by Agustin de Iturbide won independence in 1821 | 35 | |
| 6240226019 | Brasilian Independence | King John VI ruled in Brazil until 1821; Pedro stayed in Brazil and declared himself king with an independent constitutional monarchy, his liberal policies made him unpopular, he abdicated in favor of his son who reigned till 1889 | 36 | |
| 6240226020 | European intervention in Latin America | mostly successful; Spanish American War 1898, US gained Cuba, PR, DR, Guam, Philippines); US annexes Texas; French invasion of Mexico | 37 | |
| 6240226021 | Feminist movement | second half of 19th century, women's rights progressed slowly, Western countries; only upperclass women were politically active | 38 | |
| 6240226022 | neocolonialism | nonindustrialized nation depends on industrialized nation economically, is only politically independent | 39 | |
| 6240226023 | sphere of influence | intimidation is used to influence another country's decisions | 40 | |
| 6240226024 | protectorate | native leader appointed, dominant government has influence, indirect rule | 41 | |
| 6240226025 | crown jewel of Britain | India (cotton, tea, spices, gold, rice, etc) | 42 | |
| 6240226028 | sepoys | Indian soldiers hired by English men | 43 | |
| 6240226029 | raj | the British Company's rule of India; administrative/social reform placed less emphasis on caste, aculturation, Christianity; supported Indian customs through superficial parades | 44 | |
| 6240226030 | Indian textile industry | collapsed due to competition with British industrialization | 45 | |
| 6240226031 | Sepoy Rebellion 1857 | Sepoys revolt against British; was a severe shock to British; British government now assumes control of India | 46 | |
| 6240226032 | causes of Sepoy Rebellion | animal fat greased bullet casings were against religion; forced to travel to places outside caste restrictions; sati abolished and divorce allowed | 47 | |
| 6240226033 | expanding production in India | British empire's money led to agricultural commodities, irrigation systems, railroads, and telegraphs, but DOES NOT INDUSTRIALIZE INDIA AS A WHOLE, only does this to benefit themselves. spread of cholera also leads to new sewage systems | 48 | |
| 6240226034 | Pan Indian nationalism | embracing Indian pride and some British culture | 49 | |
| 6240226035 | First Indian National Congress 1885 | national/Hindu unity, service to community/education, mostly members of high castes, overall gained no widespread Indian support | 50 | |
| 6240226037 | Afrikaners | people of white descent in South Africa (French/Dutch) | 51 | |
| 6240226040 | Australia | first sighted by Portuguese in 17th cent., colonized by English; Aborigines and Maori died off mostly; was a penal colony | 52 | |
| 6240226042 | indentured servants | lower quality lives than British emigrants | 53 | |
| 6240226043 | Shaka | gave Zulu new national identity | 54 | |
| 6240226044 | West Africa | slavery still existed, purified Islam & jihad; largest states in Hausa (Sokoto Caliphate); more learning centers; less rights for women as slaves take their jobs | 55 | |
| 6240226048 | The Crimean War | Russia's SW expansion bothers France & England so they fight with Ottoman allies and beat Russia | 56 | |
| 6240226050 | Turkish nationalism | law that would permit all men to vote left Muslims worried that Ottoman Empire was no longer a Muslim society, contributed to hositlities against Christians and genocide against Armenians | 57 | |
| 6240226051 | Young Turks | liberals who wanted westernized politics, constitutionalism, national Turkish state; 1826 granted a constitution but a coup placed a more conservative ruler in place and Ottoman was further weakened | 58 | |
| 6240226052 | Qing China | restored peace and promoted expansion of agricultural economy | 59 | |
| 6240226053 | White Lotus Rebellion | under Qing, wanted Buddhism and Ming ways back | 60 | |
| 6240226054 | Opium war 1839-1850 | Qin didn't take British opium trade seriously, banned opium in 1839, Lin Zenxu went to Canton to deal with British, ends w/ Treaty of Nanking which allowed British free trade and extraterritoriality | 61 | |
| 6240226055 | Taiping Rebellion 1850-1864 | pacified poorer Chinese but fell to Chinese/British/French alliance, resulted in 20 mil deaths, depopulation, 14 years of destruction, Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, resurgence of the Plague, and decentralized China | 62 | |
| 6240226057 | inventions of the New Industrial Revolution | submarines, electric telegraphs, dynamite, plastics, steels, electricity = world trade increased | 63 | |
| 6240226058 | Victorian Age | increased cleanliness, politeness, raise children, frowned on careers, etc | 64 | |
| 6240226059 | working class women | domestic servants, textile factories, mothers; long hours, hard labor, sexual abuse, etc | 65 | |
| 6240226060 | Karl Marx | wrote Communist Manifesto, despised capitalism wanted to ranslate his intellect into political action | 66 | |
| 6240226061 | labor movements | formed by industrial workers to defend their interests in negotiations with employers (were accused of being communists) | 67 | |
| 6240226062 | Italian unification | popular leaders with influence favored unification, Pope and Austria opposed it as Austria lost land; added Venetia and Papal states to territory | 68 | |
| 6240226063 | German unification | wars led by Prussia divided German speakers among Prussia, West Austria, etc. Franco-Prussian War | 69 | |
| 6240226065 | Otto Van Bismarck | formed loose coalition with Austria, Hungary, and Russia (Triple Alliance) which formed a strong sense of national unity | 70 | |
| 6240226067 | Russia | czar Alexander II ended serfdom in 1861 | 71 | |
| 6240226068 | Russo-Japanese War | 1904-05; fought over China, Japan won, formation of Dama in Russia | 72 | |
| 6240226070 | Matthew C Perry | American Commodore sent by President Pierce to Japan with fleet of steam worships to demand Japan open trade in 1853 | 73 | |
| 6240226071 | Meiji Restoration | 1868-1894; military reform, industrialization, science, engineering; was easy because Japan had a history of adaptation; raised money through taxes and selling government land | 74 | |
| 6240226072 | Japanese Imperialism | authoritarian constitutional monarchy; sphere of influence in Korea/Manchuria/China | 75 | |
| 6240226075 | motives for imperalism | political: national prestige/colonial agents cultural: missionary work, adventure, competition, nationalism economic: industrialization, demand for goods, entreprenuers | 76 | |
| 6240226077 | Leopold II of Belgium | first to colonize Africa; wanted rubber from Congo; were violent | 77 | |
| 6240226078 | Berlin Conference 1885 | imperial countries met to split up Africa | 78 | |
| 6240226079 | Cecil Rhodes | used British South African Company to take over land in Central Africa = Rhodesia | 79 | |
| 6240226080 | Boer War 1899-1902 | South African War, between English and Afrikaners; through Armistice treaty all joined collectively and formed the Union of South Africa in 1910 | 80 | |
| 6240226081 | apartheid | by Afrikaners and Union until mid 90s | 81 | |
| 6240226082 | Menelik II | modernized Ethiopia and resisted Italy in 1896 | 82 | |
| 6240226083 | Thailand/Siam | resisted imperialism | 83 | |
| 6240226084 | Spanish American War | Philippines annexed in 1898; also gained Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico) | 84 | |
| 6240226085 | Monroe Doctrine | listed Latin America off limits to anyone but USA | 85 | |
| 6240226086 | Panama Canal 1903 | east to west travel, exploited Panama, took advantage of government | 86 | |
| 6240226087 | Sharia law | the code of law derived from the Quran and from the teachings and example of Mohammed | 87 | |
| 6240226090 | Zheng He | eunuch who led voyages of gigantic fleet through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa under Ming Dynasty | 88 | |
| 6240226091 | Columbian Exchange | The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages | 89 |
