Industrial revolution era 1750-1800s
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| 330557100 | Estates general | France's traditional national assembly with representatives of the three estates, or classes, in French society: the clergy, nobility, and commoners. The calling of the Estates General in 1789 led to the French Revolution. | 0 | |
| 330557101 | Popular sovereignty | people hold the final authority in all matters of government | 1 | |
| 330557102 | Enlightenment ideologies | Belief in truth, process, science, and human emancipation | 2 | |
| 330557103 | John locke | English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704) | 3 | |
| 330557104 | Jean Jacques Rousseau | French philosopher and writer born in Switzerland; believed that the natural goodness of man was warped by society; ideas influenced the French Revolution (1712-1778) | 4 | |
| 330557105 | Quartering acts | acts that forced colonists to house soldiers against their will | 5 | |
| 330557106 | Continental congress | the legislative assembly composed of delegates from the rebel colonies who met during and after the American Revolution; they issued the Declaration of Independence and framed Articles of Confederation | 6 | |
| 330557107 | Loyalists | Colonists who were loyal to Britain | 7 | |
| 330557108 | Patriots | Colonists who wanted independence from Britain | 8 | |
| 330557109 | Clergy | A body of officials who perform religious services, such as priests, ministers or rabbis. | 9 | |
| 330557110 | Bastille | a great fortress in Paris that stood as a symbol of royal tyranny. On July 14, 1789, at the beginning of the French Revolution, a large crowd of Parisians captured the Bastille. This act convinced King Louis XVI to withdraw his troops from Paris and to accept the French Revolution. Ever since then, the people of France have celebrated July 14 as their national holiday. | 10 | |
| 330557111 | Reign of terror | This was the period in France where Robespierre ruled and used revolutionary terror to solidify the home front. He tried rebels and they were all judged severely and most were executed | 11 | |
| 330557112 | Napoleon | A French general, political leader, and emperor of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Bonaparte rose swiftly through the ranks of army and government during and after the French Revolution and crowned himself emperor in 1804. He conquered much of Europe but lost two-thirds of his army in a disastrous invasion of Russia. After his final loss to Britain and Prussia at the Battle of Waterloo, he was exiled to the island of St. Helena in the south Atlantic Ocean. | 12 | |
| 330557113 | Robespierre | A French political leader of the eighteenth century. A Jacobin, he was one of the most radical leaders of the French Revolution. He was in charge of the government during the Reign of Terror, when thousands of persons were executed without trial. After a public reaction against his extreme policies, he was executed without trial. | 13 | |
| 330557114 | Declaration of the rights of man | Statement of fundamental political rights adopted by the French National Assembly at the beginning of the French Revolution. | 14 | |
| 330557115 | Guillotine | instrument of execution that consists of a weighted blade between two vertical poles | 15 | |
| 330557116 | Concordat | Agreement between Pope and Napoleon: Napoleon recognized Catholocism as the religion of the majority of France, Pope does not ask for any land back seized during the Revolution | 16 | |
| 330557117 | Congress of Vienna | Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon | 17 | |
| 330557118 | Hispaniola | a Caribbean island settled by Spaniards in 1493; a present day island that is divided into the Dominican Republic and Haiti. | 18 | |
| 330557119 | Simon bolivar | The most important military leader in the struggle for independence in South America. Born in Venezuela, he led military forces there and in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. | 19 | |
| 330557120 | Conservatism | a political or theological orientation advocating the preservation of the best in society and opposing radical changes | 20 | |
| 330557121 | Liberalism | a political orientation that favors progress and reform | 21 | |
| 330557122 | Edmund Burke | A conservative leader who was deeply troubled by the aroused spirit of reform. In 1790, he published Reforms on The Revolution in France, one of the greatest intellectual defenses of European conservatism. He defended inherited priveledges in general and those of the English monarchy and aristocracy. Glorified unrepresentitive Parliament and predicted reform would lead to much chaos/tyranny. | 22 | |
| 330557123 | John Stuart mill | English philosopher and economist remembered for his interpretations of empiricism and utilitarianism (1806-1873) | 23 | |
| 330557124 | Mary Wollstonecraft | English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women | 24 | |
| 330557125 | Anti-semitism | prejudice against Jews | 25 | |
| 330557126 | Zionism | a policy for establishing and developing a national homeland for Jews in Palestine | 26 | |
| 330557127 | Otto Von Bismarck | German statesman under whose leadership Germany was united (1815-1898) | 27 | |
| 330557128 | King Wilhelm I | King of Prussia who appointed Otto von Bismarck as his prime minister; led to the unification of Germany | 28 |
