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| 6376412215 | European Economic Community | The EEC (also known as the Common Market) was an alliance formed by Italy, France, West Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg in 1957 and dedicated to developing common trade policies and reduced tariffs. | 0 | |
| 6376413285 | flappers | A generation of young Western women in the 1920s who wore short skirts, bobbed their hair, listened to jazz, and flaunted their disdain for what was then considered acceptable behavior. | 1 | |
| 6376415027 | Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871) | A conflict between the Second French Empire of Napoleon III and the German states of the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia. | 2 | |
| 6376416162 | Archduke Franz Ferdinand | Heir to the Austrian throne whose assassination by a Serbian nationalist on June 28, 1914, was the spark that ignited World War I. | 3 | |
| 6376418403 | Great Depression | Worldwide economic depression that began in 1929 with the New York stock market crash and continued in many areas until the outbreak of World War II. | 4 | |
| 6376420939 | blitzkrieg | German term meaning "lightning war," used to describe Germany's military tactics in WWII, which involved the rapid movement of infantry, tanks, and airpower over large areas. | 5 | |
| 6376421700 | Nuremberg Laws | Laws which institutionalized many of the racial theories prevalent in Nazi ideology | 6 | |
| 6376422778 | Kristallnacht | Night of Broken Glass (11/9/1938) when the Nazis killed or injured many jews & destroyed many jewish properties. | 7 | |
| 6376427129 | Marshall Plan | Huge U.S. government initiative to aid in post-WWII restoration of Europe, giving $12 billion, put into effect in 1947, intended to prevent another depression or communism and to create a market for U.S. goods. | 8 | |
| 6376428895 | Benito Mussolini | Charismatic leader of the Italian fascist party (1883-1945) who came to power in 1922. | 9 | |
| 6376429466 | fascism | The political ideology marked by its intense nationalism and authoritarianism; its name is derived from the fasces that were the symbol of magistrates in ancient Rome. | 10 | |
| 6376430694 | Rape of Nanjing | The Japanese army's systematic killing, mutilation, and rape of the Chinese civilian population of Nanjing in 1937-1938 | 11 | |
| 6376434516 | NATO | The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a military and political alliance founded in 1949 that committed the United States to the defense of Europe in the event of Soviet aggression. | 12 | |
| 6376436203 | Nazi Germany | Germany as ruled by Hitler and the Nazi Party from 1933 to 1945, a fascist state dedicated to extreme nationalism, territorial expansion, and the purification of the German state. | 13 | |
| 6376436546 | Adolf Hitler | Leader of the German Nazi Party (1889-1945) and Germany's head of state from 1933 until his death. | 14 | |
| 6376440548 | New Deal | A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression. | 15 | |
| 6376441520 | Revolutionary Right (Japan) | Also known as Radical Nationalism, this was a movement in Japanese political life ca. 1930-1945 that was marked by extreme nationalism, a commitment to elite leadership focused around the emperor, and dedication to foreign expansion. | 16 | |
| 6376442819 | total war | War that requires each country involved to mobilize its entire population in the effort to defeat the enemy. | 17 | |
| 6376443336 | Treaty of Versailles | 1919 treaty that officially ended World War I; the immense penalties it placed on Germany are regarded as one of the causes of World War II. | 18 | |
| 6376445059 | Triple Alliance | An alliance consisting of Germany, Austria, and Italy that was one of the two rival European alliances on the eve of World War I. | 19 | |
| 6376446508 | Triple Entente | An alliance consisting of Russia, France, and Britain that was one of the two rival European alliances on the eve of World War I. | 20 | |
| 6376448940 | League of Nations | International peacekeeping organization created after World War I; first proposed by U.S. president Woodrow Wilson as part of his Fourteen Points. | 21 | |
| 6376450792 | United Nations | International peacekeeping organization and forum for international opinion, established in 1945. | 22 | |
| 6376451980 | Weimar Republic | The weak government that replaced the German imperial state at the end of World War I; its failure to take strong action against war reparations and the Great Depression provided an opportunity for the Nazi Party's rise to power. | 23 | |
| 6376452669 | Woodrow Wilson | President of the United States from 1913 to 1921 who was especially noted for his idealistic approach to the end of World War I, which included advocacy of his Fourteen Points intended to regulate future international dealings and a League of Nations to enforce a new international order. Although his vision largely failed, Wilson was widely respected for his views. | 24 | |
| 6376455405 | Fourteen Points | Plan of U.S. president Woodrow Wilson to establish lasting peace at the end of World War I | 25 | |
| 6376457548 | WW1 ("Great War") | The "Great War" (1914-1918), in essence a European civil war with global implications that was marked by massive casualties, the expansion of offensive military technology beyond tactics and means of defense, and a great deal of disillusionment with the whole idea of "progress". | 26 | |
| 6376460862 | WW2 in Asia | A struggle essentially to halt Japanese imperial expansion in Asia, fought by the Japanese against primarily Chinese and American foes. | 27 | |
| 6376463684 | WW2 in Europe | A struggle essentially to halt German imperial expansion in Europe, fought by a coalition of allies that included Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and the United States. | 28 | |
| 6376464924 | zaibatsu | The huge industrial enterprises that dominated the Japanese economy in the period leading up to World War II. | 29 | |
| 6376465590 | Holocaust | Name commonly used for the Nazi genocide of Jews and other "undesirables" in German society; Jews themselves prefer the term Shoah, which means "catastrophe", rather than Holocaust ("offering" or "sacrifice") | 30 | |
| 6376467061 | European Union | A political and economic union of 28 member states that are located primarily in Europe. | 31 | |
| 6524938291 | African National Congress | The political organization in South Africa created in 1912 by educated Africans who desired at first to gain representation and a voice in the government of South Africa. Their motives evolved to desiring to gain control of the state government in 1994. | 32 | |
| 6524956012 | Mustafa Kemal Ataturk | The political leader of Turkey following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire after WW1. He sought to make Turkey a modern and secular nation and undertook significant westernization efforts in Turkey that were often harshly opposed by people in Turkey. | 33 | |
| 6524970256 | Black Consciousness | The movement in South Africa that worked to create pride, unification, and greater political mindfulness among the black South African population. They often undertook violent actions against the politically powerful whites in protest. | 34 | |
| 6524971977 | Boers | The alternate term (Afrikaners) for the descendants of the Dutch settlers that initially came to South Africa in the 17th century. This population exercised the greatest measure of political power, and were harshly opposed to the British. | 35 | |
| 6524975855 | decolonization | The term for the process undertaken in African and Asian colonies to gain self-rule and independence from Europeans. | 36 | |
| 6524980610 | Democracy in Africa | The process describing Africa's initial rejection of Western democracy, as these governments proved too weak to be effective in an increasingly globalized world and were subsequently replaced by authoritarian governments. However, the inability of these instituted authoritarian government regimes enabled their effective replacement and the reinstitution of democratic governments in Africa. | 37 | |
| 6524999284 | economic development | The process undertaken by emerging independent nations to build themselves up to the scale and power of the Global Northern powers. | 38 | |
| 6525006445 | Mohandas K. Gandhi | The political and spiritual leader of the Indian struggle for independence from British colonizers. He desired to return India to a state of self-sufficiency following their emergence of India as independent. | 39 | |
| 6525011805 | Indian National Congress | The political organization created in 1885 by Western-educated Indians that sought greater involvement in the government of India. Eventually, they evolved into a strong and immense popular movement advocating Indian independence. | 40 | |
| 6525019902 | Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini | The Shi'ite religious leader that came to power in Iran following Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's abdication. He is notorious for his thorough Islamization of Iranian society as well as actively working to spread this Islamization, with the most recognized result of these efforts seen in a conflict against secular Iraq under the leadership of Saddam Hussein. | 41 | |
| 6525033861 | Nelson Mandela | The leader of the African National Congress and a passionate black African nationalist. He became president of South Africa in 1994 following the overthrow of the white-run South African government. | 42 | |
| 6525041694 | Muslim League | The organization comprised of Indian Muslims that sought further institution into Indian political life in response to the INC | 43 | |
| 6525044541 | Muhammad Ali Jinnah | The leader of the Muslim League that contested that areas in India with a Muslim majority should be their own separate state, necessitating the emergence of Pakistan. | 44 | |
| 6525051005 | Jawaharlal Nehru | The first prime minister of the newly independent Indian state. | 45 | |
| 6525056320 | Mohammad Reza Pahlavi | The last Shah of Iran who undertook great efforts to modernize Iran. However, his repressive and cruel government regime was thoroughly opposed by the Iranian public and escalated to full-blown revolution, thus forcing him to abdicate as the shah of Iran in 1979. | 46 | |
| 6525060445 | satyagraha | The political philosophy of Gandhi that promoted engagement and confrontation, but under only nonviolent means. | 47 | |
| 6525062361 | Soweto | A poor neighborhood of black Africans just outside of Johannesburg, South Africa that developed into the location of a large scale uprising against the current South African political scene. This uprising motivated further strikes and rebellions throughout the state of South Africa. | 48 | |
| 6756940674 | al-Qaeda | The organization organized by Osama bin Laden to channel fighters and funds into communist-ruled Afghanistan. |  | 49 |
| 6756944817 | Osama bin Laden | The wealthy leader of the al-Qaeda movement that declared war on the United States and was responsible for the 9/11 attacks. |  | 50 |
| 6756949424 | antiglobalization | The process of being opposed to the growing of global value and influence of transnational corporations. |  | 51 |
| 6756950562 | globalization | The process of transnational corporations achieving greater prominence and prestige all around the world. |  | 52 |
| 6756951700 | Bretton Woods system | The economic regime that created rules and terms for commercial and financial interactions between capitalist nations. |  | 53 |
| 6756954810 | environmentalism | The movement seeking to protect the environment that has achieved a greater worldwide following and participation. |  | 54 |
| 6756955795 | fundamentalism | The form of belief in which an individual upholds beliefs, especially within major universal religions, that endorses belief in a strict interpretation of their teachings. |  | 55 |
| 6756957513 | global warming | The continuing ascension of the Earth's overall atmospheric temperature as a result of the greenhouse effect on the Earth. |  | 56 |
| 6756959052 | Che Guevara | An Argentine Marxist revolutionary that occupied a major role in the Cuban War. |  | 57 |
| 6756960119 | Islamic renewal | The term for the desire of individuals to undertake efforts to govern the Islamic world following traditional Islamic practices, rather than give in to secular modernity. |  | 58 |
| 6756962928 | Kyoto protocol on global warming | An international agreement within industrialized nations that puts mandatory limits on greenhouse gas emissions. |  | 59 |
| 6756965532 | neo-liberalism | An altered form of liberalism that tended to opt for free-market capitalism. |  | 60 |
| 6756967753 | North/South gap | The socio-economic and political divide between the prestigious and powerful Global North in comparison to the South. |  | 61 |
| 6756969783 | Prague Spring | A time of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia that resulted in an invasion from the Soviet Union. |  | 62 |
| 6756971160 | reglobalization | The process in which countries around the world have been united through intense communications, transport, and trade. |  | 63 |
| 6756972267 | religious right | A term used to refer to conservative Christian right-swinging individuals. |  | 64 |
| 6756984270 | second-wave feminism | A revival of the feminist movement in the 1960s to vy for an equal societal position rather than primarily suffrage earlier. |  | 65 |
| 6756985888 | World Trade Organization (WTO) | An international organization that controls and regulates global trade. |  | 66 |
