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AP World History Unit 6 Vocabulary Flashcards

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6376412215European Economic CommunityThe EEC (also known as the Common Market) was an alliance formed by Italy, France, West Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg in 1957 and dedicated to developing common trade policies and reduced tariffs.0
6376413285flappersA generation of young Western women in the 1920s who wore short skirts, bobbed their hair, listened to jazz, and flaunted their disdain for what was then considered acceptable behavior.1
6376415027Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871)A conflict between the Second French Empire of Napoleon III and the German states of the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia.2
6376416162Archduke Franz FerdinandHeir to the Austrian throne whose assassination by a Serbian nationalist on June 28, 1914, was the spark that ignited World War I.3
6376418403Great DepressionWorldwide economic depression that began in 1929 with the New York stock market crash and continued in many areas until the outbreak of World War II.4
6376420939blitzkriegGerman term meaning "lightning war," used to describe Germany's military tactics in WWII, which involved the rapid movement of infantry, tanks, and airpower over large areas.5
6376421700Nuremberg LawsLaws which institutionalized many of the racial theories prevalent in Nazi ideology6
6376422778KristallnachtNight of Broken Glass (11/9/1938) when the Nazis killed or injured many jews & destroyed many jewish properties.7
6376427129Marshall PlanHuge U.S. government initiative to aid in post-WWII restoration of Europe, giving $12 billion, put into effect in 1947, intended to prevent another depression or communism and to create a market for U.S. goods.8
6376428895Benito MussoliniCharismatic leader of the Italian fascist party (1883-1945) who came to power in 1922.9
6376429466fascismThe political ideology marked by its intense nationalism and authoritarianism; its name is derived from the fasces that were the symbol of magistrates in ancient Rome.10
6376430694Rape of NanjingThe Japanese army's systematic killing, mutilation, and rape of the Chinese civilian population of Nanjing in 1937-193811
6376434516NATOThe North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a military and political alliance founded in 1949 that committed the United States to the defense of Europe in the event of Soviet aggression.12
6376436203Nazi GermanyGermany as ruled by Hitler and the Nazi Party from 1933 to 1945, a fascist state dedicated to extreme nationalism, territorial expansion, and the purification of the German state.13
6376436546Adolf HitlerLeader of the German Nazi Party (1889-1945) and Germany's head of state from 1933 until his death.14
6376440548New DealA series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression.15
6376441520Revolutionary Right (Japan)Also known as Radical Nationalism, this was a movement in Japanese political life ca. 1930-1945 that was marked by extreme nationalism, a commitment to elite leadership focused around the emperor, and dedication to foreign expansion.16
6376442819total warWar that requires each country involved to mobilize its entire population in the effort to defeat the enemy.17
6376443336Treaty of Versailles1919 treaty that officially ended World War I; the immense penalties it placed on Germany are regarded as one of the causes of World War II.18
6376445059Triple AllianceAn alliance consisting of Germany, Austria, and Italy that was one of the two rival European alliances on the eve of World War I.19
6376446508Triple EntenteAn alliance consisting of Russia, France, and Britain that was one of the two rival European alliances on the eve of World War I.20
6376448940League of NationsInternational peacekeeping organization created after World War I; first proposed by U.S. president Woodrow Wilson as part of his Fourteen Points.21
6376450792United NationsInternational peacekeeping organization and forum for international opinion, established in 1945.22
6376451980Weimar RepublicThe weak government that replaced the German imperial state at the end of World War I; its failure to take strong action against war reparations and the Great Depression provided an opportunity for the Nazi Party's rise to power.23
6376452669Woodrow WilsonPresident of the United States from 1913 to 1921 who was especially noted for his idealistic approach to the end of World War I, which included advocacy of his Fourteen Points intended to regulate future international dealings and a League of Nations to enforce a new international order. Although his vision largely failed, Wilson was widely respected for his views.24
6376455405Fourteen PointsPlan of U.S. president Woodrow Wilson to establish lasting peace at the end of World War I25
6376457548WW1 ("Great War")The "Great War" (1914-1918), in essence a European civil war with global implications that was marked by massive casualties, the expansion of offensive military technology beyond tactics and means of defense, and a great deal of disillusionment with the whole idea of "progress".26
6376460862WW2 in AsiaA struggle essentially to halt Japanese imperial expansion in Asia, fought by the Japanese against primarily Chinese and American foes.27
6376463684WW2 in EuropeA struggle essentially to halt German imperial expansion in Europe, fought by a coalition of allies that included Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and the United States.28
6376464924zaibatsuThe huge industrial enterprises that dominated the Japanese economy in the period leading up to World War II.29
6376465590HolocaustName commonly used for the Nazi genocide of Jews and other "undesirables" in German society; Jews themselves prefer the term Shoah, which means "catastrophe", rather than Holocaust ("offering" or "sacrifice")30
6376467061European UnionA political and economic union of 28 member states that are located primarily in Europe.31
6524938291African National CongressThe political organization in South Africa created in 1912 by educated Africans who desired at first to gain representation and a voice in the government of South Africa. Their motives evolved to desiring to gain control of the state government in 1994.32
6524956012Mustafa Kemal AtaturkThe political leader of Turkey following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire after WW1. He sought to make Turkey a modern and secular nation and undertook significant westernization efforts in Turkey that were often harshly opposed by people in Turkey.33
6524970256Black ConsciousnessThe movement in South Africa that worked to create pride, unification, and greater political mindfulness among the black South African population. They often undertook violent actions against the politically powerful whites in protest.34
6524971977BoersThe alternate term (Afrikaners) for the descendants of the Dutch settlers that initially came to South Africa in the 17th century. This population exercised the greatest measure of political power, and were harshly opposed to the British.35
6524975855decolonizationThe term for the process undertaken in African and Asian colonies to gain self-rule and independence from Europeans.36
6524980610Democracy in AfricaThe process describing Africa's initial rejection of Western democracy, as these governments proved too weak to be effective in an increasingly globalized world and were subsequently replaced by authoritarian governments. However, the inability of these instituted authoritarian government regimes enabled their effective replacement and the reinstitution of democratic governments in Africa.37
6524999284economic developmentThe process undertaken by emerging independent nations to build themselves up to the scale and power of the Global Northern powers.38
6525006445Mohandas K. GandhiThe political and spiritual leader of the Indian struggle for independence from British colonizers. He desired to return India to a state of self-sufficiency following their emergence of India as independent.39
6525011805Indian National CongressThe political organization created in 1885 by Western-educated Indians that sought greater involvement in the government of India. Eventually, they evolved into a strong and immense popular movement advocating Indian independence.40
6525019902Ayatollah Ruholla KhomeiniThe Shi'ite religious leader that came to power in Iran following Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's abdication. He is notorious for his thorough Islamization of Iranian society as well as actively working to spread this Islamization, with the most recognized result of these efforts seen in a conflict against secular Iraq under the leadership of Saddam Hussein.41
6525033861Nelson MandelaThe leader of the African National Congress and a passionate black African nationalist. He became president of South Africa in 1994 following the overthrow of the white-run South African government.42
6525041694Muslim LeagueThe organization comprised of Indian Muslims that sought further institution into Indian political life in response to the INC43
6525044541Muhammad Ali JinnahThe leader of the Muslim League that contested that areas in India with a Muslim majority should be their own separate state, necessitating the emergence of Pakistan.44
6525051005Jawaharlal NehruThe first prime minister of the newly independent Indian state.45
6525056320Mohammad Reza PahlaviThe last Shah of Iran who undertook great efforts to modernize Iran. However, his repressive and cruel government regime was thoroughly opposed by the Iranian public and escalated to full-blown revolution, thus forcing him to abdicate as the shah of Iran in 1979.46
6525060445satyagrahaThe political philosophy of Gandhi that promoted engagement and confrontation, but under only nonviolent means.47
6525062361SowetoA poor neighborhood of black Africans just outside of Johannesburg, South Africa that developed into the location of a large scale uprising against the current South African political scene. This uprising motivated further strikes and rebellions throughout the state of South Africa.48
6756940674al-QaedaThe organization organized by Osama bin Laden to channel fighters and funds into communist-ruled Afghanistan.49
6756944817Osama bin LadenThe wealthy leader of the al-Qaeda movement that declared war on the United States and was responsible for the 9/11 attacks.50
6756949424antiglobalizationThe process of being opposed to the growing of global value and influence of transnational corporations.51
6756950562globalizationThe process of transnational corporations achieving greater prominence and prestige all around the world.52
6756951700Bretton Woods systemThe economic regime that created rules and terms for commercial and financial interactions between capitalist nations.53
6756954810environmentalismThe movement seeking to protect the environment that has achieved a greater worldwide following and participation.54
6756955795fundamentalismThe form of belief in which an individual upholds beliefs, especially within major universal religions, that endorses belief in a strict interpretation of their teachings.55
6756957513global warmingThe continuing ascension of the Earth's overall atmospheric temperature as a result of the greenhouse effect on the Earth.56
6756959052Che GuevaraAn Argentine Marxist revolutionary that occupied a major role in the Cuban War.57
6756960119Islamic renewalThe term for the desire of individuals to undertake efforts to govern the Islamic world following traditional Islamic practices, rather than give in to secular modernity.58
6756962928Kyoto protocol on global warmingAn international agreement within industrialized nations that puts mandatory limits on greenhouse gas emissions.59
6756965532neo-liberalismAn altered form of liberalism that tended to opt for free-market capitalism.60
6756967753North/South gapThe socio-economic and political divide between the prestigious and powerful Global North in comparison to the South.61
6756969783Prague SpringA time of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia that resulted in an invasion from the Soviet Union.62
6756971160reglobalizationThe process in which countries around the world have been united through intense communications, transport, and trade.63
6756972267religious rightA term used to refer to conservative Christian right-swinging individuals.64
6756984270second-wave feminismA revival of the feminist movement in the 1960s to vy for an equal societal position rather than primarily suffrage earlier.65
6756985888World Trade Organization (WTO)An international organization that controls and regulates global trade.66

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