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| 5892152643 | West Africa | Stateless societies; matriarchal; polytheistic and anamist; illiterate; gold and salt; limited agruculture; Ghana-Mali-Songhay | 0 | |
| 5892152644 | G.M.S | Ghana, Mali, Songhay. Order of societies in West Africa | 1 | |
| 5892152645 | Groits | (W Africa) Poets and Bards | 2 | |
| 5892152646 | Camels | Introduced to W Africa from Arabia; changed trade because they could go for 10 days without water and withstand the long trek across the Sahara. | 3 | |
| 5892152647 | Timbuktu | Major trade city in W Africa; propped up by trans Saharan trade made possible by camels; had urban trade centers and libraries, home to one of the largest universities in World History; Great Mosque of Djenne built; orphanages, schools, and libraries built around mosque. | 4 | |
| 5892152648 | Islam and W Africa | Islam Spread out of Arabia; Revived trans Saharan trade; matriarchy turned to patriarchy; became literate | 5 | |
| 5892152649 | East Africa | Conversion to Christianity (similar to Constantine); Swahili Coast | 6 | |
| 5892152650 | Swahili Coast | String of about 30 East African City States that were very involved in the commercial life of the Indian Ocean basin | 7 | |
| 5892152651 | Swahili Language | Fusion language between Bantu and Arabic (similar to Ladino- Hebrew and Spanish) | 8 | |
| 5893420987 | Ghana Empire | (4c-11c) gold "money;" salt was a necessity- dried salt in large transportable discs; kings eventually adopt Islam; never establish a highly centralized Empire | 9 | |
| 5893420988 | Mali Empire | More centralized government; moved to monotheism; shift to patriarchy; ISLAM; become literate; growth of urban centers such as Timbuktu; leader- Mansa Musa | 10 | |
| 5893420989 | Mansa Musa | Great leader of Mali; depicted similar to European king; shows that he was equal not inferior | 11 | |
| 5893420990 | Songhay | Leader - Sunni Ali | 12 | |
| 5893420991 | Sunni Ali | (r. 1464-1492) powerful king; brought about slavery; enslaved people in order to convert them to Islam | 13 | |
| 5893420992 | Vikings | Homeland in Scandinavia; (800-1050) established a civilization in Newfoundland; passed on orally in Sagas; archaeological evidence was found that proves Vikings actually came to America before Columbus did | 14 | |
| 5893420993 | American Web | Much less extensive than Eurasian trade; prohibited by geography and climate (Amazon Forest) occurred north to south in drastically different climate and vegetation zones | 15 | |
| 5893420994 | Chickens | Not native to the Americas, but found on the coast of South America; probably came from Polynesia | 16 | |
| 5893420995 | Maize | Diffused from Mesoamerica | 17 | |
| 5893420996 | Sweet Potato | Thrived in Polynesia | 18 | |
| 5893420997 | Mayans | Lived on Yucatán peninsula broken up into city states such as Chichin-Itza. Mayans developed astronomy and the calendar had a ball game that diffused through the Americas. Lacked River systems. Developed pictograph (Hieroglyph) writing. | 19 | |
| 5893485064 | Chichin-Itza | Mayan city state; had pyramids and observatories | 20 | |
| 5893518974 | Pictograph (Hieroglyph) Writing | type of writing developed by Mayans | 21 | |
| 5893522548 | Quetzalcoatl | Mayan god of wisdom and learning; body of a snake with feathers and the head of a jaguar. Snake represents underworld, bird represents sky/heaven, jaguar represents land/earth. | 22 | |
| 5894374971 | Aztec | formed an empire that resembled the centralized government of Afro-Eurasia; located in central Mexico; arid climate; desert to the north; unified by common beliefs; had tools, Aztec sunstone calendar, and language; no pack animals; no wheel; wooden tools; took POW from neighboring tribes, drugged them, and then sacrificed them | 23 | |
| 5894478404 | Why did Aztecs eat the hearts of the people they conquered? | To assimilate the strengths of the warrior they conquered. | 24 | |
| 5894480971 | Inca | "People of the Sun;" Principal deity was the sun god, Inti; land based trade; All reads lead to Cuzco (capital); walls built to withstand earthquakes; walls made of seemingly random looking rocks, but they were not random and fit together perfectly. | 25 | |
| 5894500453 | Inti | Inca Sun god and principal deity | 26 | |
| 5894504992 | Pacho Mama | Inca mother earth | 27 | |
| 5894823830 | Sui Dynasty | reunification | 28 | |
| 5894842524 | Tang Dynasty | Had an odd shape so it gained control of the Silk Road. Resurrected and perfected the imperial exam system liberal attitude towards all religions such as the spread of Buddhism in China because of empress well golden age of foreign relations with other countries such as Persia Korea and Japan Confucianism was important China became the dominant regional power of Asia. New technology such as the movable print gun powder mechanical clocks and better porcelain. More cosmopolitan and industrialize culture and economy. | 29 | |
| 5895020854 | Empress Wu | Only female in person Chinese history of the world alone (not in the place of a son until he's of age) New irrigation system invented Buddhism as a state religion and financed many Buddhist temples. | 30 | |
| 5895020855 | Buddhist Monastaries | Many people want to join the monasteries the people to join were originally baggers but money was brought in by the silk road to make Buddhist monasteries wealthy. Some thought the Monks and nuns became lazy because of their riches | 31 | |
| 5895020856 | Japan | Archipelago part of Pacific Ring of fire some cold and mountainous places lived by Shinto nature religion; had a medieval suicide ritual and samurai code of Bushido | 32 | |
| 5895585356 | Korea | Appendage of china; becomes tribute states; adopts lots of Chinese culture; geographically close to china; however Korea remain politically independent; developed its own alphabet called Hangul; taken over by Japan in 1930's | 33 | |
| 5895585357 | Vietnam | Government practices copied heavily from China; heartland fully incorporated into Chinese state for more than 1000 years | 34 | |
| 5895585358 | Mongols | Nomadic people who are brought into the arms of civilization because of contact with the Chinese created a vast you ration empire and invaded China to create the Yuan Dynasty that brought the fall of the Song Dynasty. Tried to invade Japan but failed because of the kamikaze winds | 35 | |
| 5895585359 | Asikaga Age | Shoguns fought for power; laws were unclear; less efficient than kamakura; armies of samurai protected the country | 36 | |
| 5895585360 | Pre-Islamic Arabia | Nomadic Arabs known as the Bedouins; herded sheep and camels in seasonal migration; lived in fiercely independent clans and tribes that often engage in war; recognized a variety of God's, ancestors and nature spirits; value personal bravery, group loyalty, and hospitality; greatly treasured highly expressive or a poetry; sedentary Village based agriculture practiced in scattered places; saddest draw increasingly important trade routes that connected the Indian Ocean world with that of the Mediterranean | 37 | |
| 5895585361 | Mecca | Had a distinctive role in Arabia; site of the Kaaba, which is the most prominent religious Toronto in Arabia and house representations of 360 deities. Kaaba was a destination for many pilgrims. Located on the periphery of two rows of the stations the Byzantine Empire and the Sassanid Empire; location gave them familiarity with larger world and allowed them to live among some Christians and some Zoroastrians; influenced monotheism | 38 | |
| 5895726673 | Quraysh | Dominant tribe who controlled access to the Kaaba; wealthy people who taxed local trade that accompanied annual pilgrimage season | 39 | |
| 5895726674 | Pre-Islamic Religion | Lived among some Christians and some Zoroastrians; influenced monotheism; Recognized Allah before Mohammed; identified Allah with Yahweh; Allah supreme god of Arab pantheon; regarded themselves as children of Abraham. | 40 | |
| 5895726675 | Muhammad | Born in Mecca to Quraysh family; Lost his parents when he was young; cared for by uncle; shepherd who later became a trader; traveled this far north as Syria; married a wealthy widow and prosperous merchant named Khadijah; undertook periods of withdrawal and meditation in the mountains; had overwhelming religious experience that left him convinced that he was Allah's messenger for the Arabs; commissioned to bring Arab scripture back in their language revelations weekend and 610 and continued periodically over the next 22 years; last prophet | 41 | |
| 5895726676 | Quran | Sacred Scriptures of Islam where Muhammad's revelations were recorded; words of divine; read to recite, not for info; demanded social justice; challenged polytheism and the clan social structure (fighting and violence) | 42 | |
| 5895726677 | Islam | Radically monotheistic and drew heavily on Jewish and Christian monotheism; goal was to return to the old and pure religion of Abraham from which the Jews Christians and Arabs deviated; submission to Allah meant Paradise afterlife and divine state of mind; denounced hoarding of wealth, exploitation of poor, charging of interest on loans, corrupt business deals, the abuse of women and neglect of widows and orphans | 43 | |
| 5895726678 | Muslim | "One who submits" | 44 | |
| 5895726679 | Umma | Just and moral society of Islam; community of all believers, replacing tribal, ethnic, or racial identities; bound by common belief; core message of the Quran; the remembrance of God | 45 | |
| 5895726680 | First pillar of Islam | Heart of Islamic message; no God but God and Mohammed is the messenger of God | 46 | |
| 5895726681 | Second pillar of Islam | Ritual prayer performed five times per day; cleansing, bowing, kneeling, prostration; expressed submission to Allah despite busy life; living in presence of God | 47 | |
| 5895726682 | Third pillar of Islam | Almsgiving; reflect the Quran's demands for social justice; required believers to give generously to the poor | 48 | |
| 5895726683 | Fourth pillar of Islam | Established a month of fasting during Ramadan; abstain from food, drink and sexual relations from first light of dawn till sundown; self purification; reminder of needs of the hungry | 49 | |
| 5895726684 | Fifth pillar of Islam | Encouraged pilgrimage to Mecca known as the hajj, during which believers from all over the Islamic world assembled once a year and put on identical simple white clothing as they reenacted key events in Islamic history | 50 | |
| 5895726685 | Jihad | "The struggle;" sometimes recognized as sixth pillar; struggle against greed and selfishness | 51 | |
| 5893507499 | Choc | Principal God of the Maya people; rain god; related to maize | 52 | |
| 5895814870 | Other people's reaction to Muhammad | Muhammad's claim to be messenger of Allah, monotheism, call for social reform, condemnation of Mecca's business practices, and apparent disloyalty to his own tribe enraged the wealthy families of Mecca and in 622 Mohammed and his band of followers emigrated to a more welcoming town of Yathrib | 53 | |
| 5895814871 | Yathrib | City of the profit; agricultural settlement; mixed Arab and Jewish population; invited Muhamed to serve as an arbitrator of their intractable conflicts | 54 | |
| 5895814872 | Hijra | "The journey;" The emigration to Yathrib; momentous turning point in the early history of Islam in there after mark the beginning of a new Islamic calendar | 55 | |
| 5895890345 | Sharia | "A path to water;" law regulated every aspect of life | 56 | |
| 5895890346 | Super tribe | New community or Umma that took place in Medina; membership was a matter of belief rather than birth; community grew rapidly; all Authority, political and religious, concentrated in the hands of Muhammad; introduced radical changes; usury outdated; tax-free market places established; mandatory payments to support poor | 57 | |
| 5895890347 | Islamic military power | Muhamed declared independence from original affiliation with Judaism; Jewish groups allied with his enemies and Muhamed acted harshly to suppress them by exiling enslaving and killing them; Islamic community expanded rapidly to reach throughout Arabia; military power converted many; end of incessant warfare and maternal gain made Islam appealing; consolidation of Islamic control throughout Arabia; in 630 Muhamed entered Mecca itself purging the Kaaba of its idols and declaring it a shrine to the one God Allah; by Mohammed's death most of Arabia had come under the control of the new Islamic state | 58 | |
| 5895890348 | Islamic politics and religion | No distinction between political and religious law | 59 | |
| 5896023172 | Other Islamic religious practices | Up to four wives allowed at once; no alcohol or pork; no gambling | 60 | |
| 5896023173 | Why Islam was enticing | Easy to learn and practice; no priesthood; teaches equality such as racial equality and no slavery | 61 | |
| 5896023174 | People of the book | Christians and Jews who were allowed to practice Judaism and Christianity if they paid a tax | 62 | |
| 5896092570 | Dar-al-Islam | Unity of believers | 63 | |
| 5896092571 | Sunni | Majority of Arabs who believe that authority should be chosen by the Umma/citizens | 64 | |
| 5896092572 | Shi'ite | Minority of the Arabs who believe that the only legitimate rulers our mail descendants of Muhammad | 65 | |
| 5896092573 | Dhimini | Tax | 66 | |
| 5896092574 | Golden age of Islam | Under three caliphates | 67 | |
| 5896092575 | Convivencia | Christians Jews and Muslims living together in Muslim Spain | 68 | |
| 5896092576 | Spanish | Fusion of Arabic and romance | 69 | |
| 5896092577 | Ladino | Fusion of Spanish and Hebrew | 70 | |
| 5896092578 | Mozarabic | Christian language | 71 | |
| 5896092579 | Bathing in islamic spain | Had Bath establishments similar to Romans; had water provided by qanats; re-introduced bathing inIslamic Spain | 72 | |
| 5896092580 | Qanats | Canals | 73 | |
| 5896092581 | Islamic Spain | Sciences mathematics and algebra and medicine such as eye surgery and great medical text thrive | 74 | |
| 5896092582 | Galen | Greek medical texts reintroduced in Islamic Spain | 75 | |
| 5896092583 | Translation school in Cordoba | A Muslim, Christian, and a Jew translate Greek text into Arabic, romance, and Latin. Greek texts introduced into Western Europe combined with Christianity and formed scholastication; helped bring about renaissance | 76 | |
| 5896092584 | Manor system | Self-sustaining and self-sufficient System of living | 77 | |
| 5896092585 | Feudal system | Weak system consisting of many different kingdoms with kings that were Visigothic warlords; think waffle | 78 | |
| 5896092586 | Lief Erikson | Responsible for settlements of Vikings | 79 | |
| 5896092587 | Pope Urban II | Called for the crusades at the Council of Claremont | 80 | |
| 5896092588 | Council of Claremont | Counselor at which the Crusades were called for | 81 | |
| 5896092589 | Crusades | Series of wars to take back the holy land of Jerusalem | 82 | |
| 5896092590 | Positive outcomes of the crusades | Crossbows, gunpowder, new fruit such as dried fruit, apricot, and citrus; trade routes reopen for the first time after classical civilizations | 83 | |
| 5896092591 | European Renaissance | Revive Greco Roman culture only, not the government | 84 | |
| 5896092592 | Chinese Renaissance | Revived Chinese government AND culture | 85 | |
| 5896092593 | Buddhism changing through the silk road | Temples became more ornate; some practices were abandoned | 86 | |
| 5896092594 | Cities in Europe | Life in cities were unhygienic | 87 | |
| 5896092595 | Ibn Battuta | Muslim who traveled along the trans-Saharan trade route | 88 | |
| 5896092596 | Marco Polo | Christian who traveled along the Silk Road | 89 | |
| 5896092597 | Greater Zimbabwe | Trade networks brought bananas to Africa | 90 | |
| 5896092598 | Phonecians | Diffuse alphabet | 91 | |
| 5896092599 | Mozambique | Urban center in present day Angola | 92 | |
| 5896092600 | Mobadishu | Urban center in present day Somalia | 93 | |
| 5896092601 | Indian Ocean trade network | Most important trade network besides the silk road that contradicts the idea that Africa was cut off from the rest of civilization | 94 | |
| 5896092602 | Angkor | Buddhist temple flanked with images of gods. Drew on Buddhist and Hindu traditions of India. | 95 | |
| 5896092603 | How Islam spread | Islam spread by Arabic merchants | 96 | |
| 5896092604 | Kiev | Russian civilization that did a great deal of borrowing from the Mediterranean civilization of the Byzantine Empire. Eventually taken over by the Mongols. | 97 | |
| 5896918028 | India | Caste system, Hinduism, and vast cultural diversity remained, but parts fell under the control of Muslim rulers | 98 | |
| 5896918029 | Land equalization system | Landry distribution that helped the division between rich and poor | 99 | |
| 5896918030 | Grand canal | Facilitated trade; extension of the silk road; urban cities grew along the grand Canal and encouraged urbanization; Construction began in the Sui Dynasty, but was was improved during the Tang and Song Dynasties | 100 | |
| 5896918031 | Chang'an | Embodiment of heaven on earth where centralized government meetings took place; symbolized the mandate of heaven | 101 | |
| 5896918032 | Huangzhou | Huge Chinese urban center with a population of about 1 million people | 102 | |
| 5896918033 | Foot binding | Restrained women to the house; represented feminine beauty standard- small things, delicacy | 103 |
