Ch. 14 Traditions and Encounters
289005460 | Islam | Submission; Obediance to the rule and will of Allah. | 0 | |
289005461 | Muslim | One who has submitted. | 1 | |
289005462 | Muslim adopted | Persian techniques of gov and finance after getting Sasanid dynasty down. Persian literature, science, and religous values also were apart of it. | 2 | |
289005463 | Later centuries Muslims got inspiration from | Greek and Indian. | 3 | |
289005464 | Dar al-Islam | House of Islam | 4 | |
289005465 | Nomadic peoples known as | Bedouin; Sense of loyalty to clans. | 5 | |
289005466 | After third century, | Arabia became important in trade with China and India in the east, Persia nd Byzantiom in the west. | 6 | |
289005467 | Khadija | Wealthy widow Muhammad married. | 7 | |
289005468 | Allah | God. | 8 | |
289005469 | Quran | Holy book of Islam; Recitation. Poetry understanding Allah to the world. | 9 | |
289005470 | Hadith | Traditions, saying attributed to Muhammad. | 10 | |
289005471 | Conflict at Mecca | Got Arabs offensive because he thought Allah was the only one and true god hurt polytheistic peoples. | 11 | |
289005472 | Ka'ba | Large black rock long considered to be the dwelling of a powerful deity. Housed in a cube- shaped building known as Ka'ba. (Worship) | 12 | |
289005473 | Medina | Fled to Medina from mressure, "the city" meaning "the city of the prophet." | 13 | |
289005474 | Hijra | Migration, Moving to Medina made Islamic calendar. | 14 | |
289005475 | Umma | Community of the faithful with his followers. | 15 | |
289005476 | Muhammad begin being called | Seal of the prophet, the final prophet who Allah would reveal his message to humankind. | 16 | |
289005477 | Five Pillars of Islam 1. | 1. Muslims must acknowledge Allah as the only god and Muhammad as prophet. | 17 | |
289005478 | Five Pillars 2. | They must pray to Allah daily while facing Mecca. | 18 | |
289005479 | Five Pillars 3. | Must obsersve a fast during the daylight hours of the month of Ramadan. | 19 | |
289005480 | Five Pillars 4. | Must contribute alms for the relief of the weak and poor. | 20 | |
289005481 | Five Pillars 5. | In honor of Muhammad's visits to Mecca, those who are physically and financially able must undertake the hajj adn make at least one pilgimage to Mecca. | 21 | |
289005482 | Sharia | Islamic holy law. Muhammad's life and teachings, how to behave. Religious doctrine. | 22 | |
289005483 | Caliph | Deputy; Deciple that was very devoted. | 23 | |
289005484 | Abu Bakr became | Head of state for Islamic community, also chief judge, religious leader and military commander. | 24 | |
289005485 | Sunni Islam | The most important and enduring of all the alternatives to the faith observed by many Muslims, Sunni Islam. | 25 | |
289005486 | Ali | Cousin and son-in-law to Muhammad. Served shortly as the fourth caliph, got killed. | 26 | |
289005487 | Sunnis | Traditionalists | 27 | |
289005488 | Umayyad Dynasty | Most prominent of Meccan merchant clans, capital at Damascus city in Syra. | 28 | |
289005489 | Allowed conquered people to | Observe their own religion. | 29 | |
289005490 | Jizya | Special head tax for those who didn't convert to Islam. | 30 | |
289005491 | Abu al-Abbas | Descendent of Muhammad's uncle, chief leader of rebellion in Persia that brought Umayyad Dynasty down. | 31 | |
289005492 | Abbasid Dynasty | Not conquering like Umayyad. Clashed with nomadic peoples from central Asia, deafeated Chinese army at Talas R. which the battle ended expansion of Tang dynasty. | 32 | |
289005493 | Abbasid relied heavily on | Persian techniques of stataecraft. | 33 | |
289005494 | Ulama | Learned officials, people with religious knowledge. Pious scholars who sought to develop public policy with the Quran and Sharia. | 34 | |
289005495 | Qadis | Judges. | 35 | |
289005496 | Saljuq Turks | Nomadic people from central Asia who invaded Byzantine empire. | 36 | |
289005497 | Saljuq sultan | Ruler. | 37 | |
289005498 | Important crop | Cotton, used for textiles. | 38 | |
289005499 | New industry | Paper manufacture. | 39 | |
289005500 | Borrowed | Astolabe, enable to calculate latitude from Hellenistic Mediterranean. | 40 | |
289005501 | Ramisht of Siraf | Persian merchant. | 41 | |
289005502 | Sakk | Mulitple branches that honored letters of credit known as Sakk. | 42 | |
289005503 | Quran showed women as | Equal to men; Sharia reinforced male dominance. | 43 | |
289005504 | Madrasas | Higher eduaction. | 44 | |
289005505 | Sufi | Mystics, deepen thier spiritual awareness by living pious and ascetic lives. | 45 | |
289005506 | Al-Ghazali | Early Sufi, argued taht human reason was too frail to understand nature of Allah. | 46 |