Vocabulary from Chapters 1, 2, & 3: Prehistory, China, and India
Terms : Hide Images
| 10426418 | Paleolithic Age | ending in 12,000 BCE; use of crude stone tools and hunting and gathering for subsistence | 0 | |
| 10426419 | Homo sapien sapiens | the human species that as most successful at the end of the Paleolithic period | 1 | |
| 10426420 | Neolithic Age | 8,000 BCE-5,000 BCE; adaptation of sedentary agriculture; domestication of animals & plants | 2 | |
| 10426421 | Neolithic Revolution | succession of technological innovations and changes in human organization that led to development of agriculture; 8,500 BCE-3,500 BCE | 3 | |
| 10426422 | hunting and gathering | human means of obtaining subsistence before sedentary agriculture; band social organization | 4 | |
| 10426423 | Bronze Age | from 4,000 BCE, when bronze tools came into existence, to 1,500 BCE, when iron tools replaced them | 5 | |
| 10426424 | slash-and-burn agriculture | system of cultivation where forest floors are cleared by fire and then farmed on | 6 | |
| 10426425 | bands | levels of social organization of 20-30 people; nomadic hunters & gatherers; work distributed based on gender | 7 | |
| 10426426 | Çatal Hüyük | early urban culture based on sedentary agriculture | 8 | |
| 10426427 | cuneiform | form of writing developed by Sumerians using a stylus and tablets | 9 | |
| 10426428 | nomads | cattle and sheep herding societies found on the fringes of civilized societies | 10 | |
| 10426429 | Mesopotamia | "between the rivers"; civilizations that arose between the Tigris-Euphrates river valleys | 11 | |
| 10426430 | Sumerians | people who migrated to Mesopotamia c. 4,000 BCE; created first society in the region | 12 | |
| 10426431 | Ziggurats | massive towers associated with Mesopotamian temple complexes | 13 | |
| 10426432 | city-states | form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilizations | 14 | |
| 10426433 | Babylonians | unified of all Mesopotamia c.1,800 BCE; collapsed due to foreign invasion c.1,600 BCE | 15 | |
| 10426434 | Hammurabi | most important ruler of the Babylonian empire; responsible for codification of law | 16 | |
| 10426435 | pharoah | title of kings of ancient Egypt | 17 | |
| 10426436 | pyramids | monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as tombs for pharoahs | 18 | |
| 10426437 | Kush | African state divided along Upper Nile c.1,000 BCE; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries | 19 | |
| 10426438 | Indus River | river sources in Himalayas to mouth in Arabian Sea; location of Harappan civilization | 20 | |
| 10426439 | Harappa | major urban complex of Harappan civilization; along with Mohenjo-Daro | 21 | |
| 10426440 | Mohenjo-Daro | major urban complex of Harappan civilization | 22 | |
| 10426441 | Huanghe River | site of the development of sedentary agriculture | 23 | |
| 10426442 | Dao | philosophy associated with Lao-Tze | 24 | |
| 10426443 | Zhou | overthrew Shang Dynasty and established second Chinese dynasty | 25 | |
| 10426444 | Qin | 221 BCE-207 BCE; arose after the decline of the Zhou Dynasty | 26 | |
| 10426445 | Shi Huangdi | founder of the brief Qin Dynasty in 221 BCE | 27 | |
| 10426446 | Great Wall | defensive monument to keep out invaders from the North; built during Qin Dynasty under Shi Huangdi | 28 | |
| 10426447 | Han | dynasty that succeeded the Qin in 202 BCE; ruled for 400 years | 29 | |
| 10426448 | Silk Roads | trading route connecting European, Chinese, and Indian civilizations; transmitted ideas and goods throughout | 30 | |
| 10426449 | Alexander the Great | successor of Philip II; attempted to combine Greek and Persian cultures | 31 | |
| 10426450 | Himalayas | mountain range marking northern border of India; site of Aryan settlements | 32 | |
| 10426451 | monsoon | seasonal winds crossing India and southeast Asia; brings rain during summers | 33 | |
| 10426452 | Aryan | Indo-European nomadic pastoralists who replaced Harappan civilizations; militarized society | 34 | |
| 10426453 | Sanskrit | sacred and classical Indian language | 35 | |
| 10426454 | Vedas | Aryan hymns written in sacred books in 6th century BCE | 36 | |
| 10426455 | untouchables | lowest caste in Indian society; performed tasks considered polluting | 37 | |
| 10426456 | Indra | chief deity of the Aryans | 38 | |
| 10426457 | Chandragupta Maurya | founder of Mauryan dynasty; developed first empire in India | 39 | |
| 10426458 | Mauryan | dynasty in India in 4th century BCE after invasion of Alexander the Great | 40 | |
| 10426459 | Ashoka | grandson of Chandragupta Maurya; converted Buddhism and helped to spread it throughout India | 41 | |
| 10426460 | Dharma | the caste position and career determined by a person's birth | 42 | |
| 10426461 | Kushans | dynasty that succeeded Mauryan; sponsored Buddhism | 43 | |
| 10426462 | Guptas | dynasty that succeeded Kushans in 3rd century CE | 44 | |
| 10426463 | Kautilya | political advisor to Chandragupta Maurya; believed in scientific application of warfare | 45 | |
| 10426464 | gurus | brahmans who were teachers for the princes of the imperial court of the guptas | 46 | |
| 10426465 | Vishnu | the brahman, later Hindu, god of sacrifice | 47 | |
| 10426466 | Shiva | the brahman, later Hindu, god of destruction and reproduction | 48 | |
| 10426467 | reincarnation | successive attachment of the soul to some animate form according to merits earned in previous lives | 49 | |
| 10426468 | nirvana | Buddhist state of enlightenment; state of tranquility | 50 | |
| 10426469 | Buddha | Siddhartha Guatama; creator of major Indian and Asian religion in 6th century BCE | 51 | |
| 10426470 | stupas | stone shrines built to house pieces of bone or hair or personal possessions said to be relics of the Buddha | 52 | |
| 10426471 | scholar-gentry | Chinese class created by marital linkage of the local land-holding aristocracy with the office-holding shi | 53 |
