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| 15113024545 | Mali and Mansa Musa | Capitols: Niani, Timbuktu, Gao, and Jenne. Honored islam. Made a pilgrimage to Mecca and brought a caravan of soldiers, attendants, etc. | 0 | |
| 15113024546 | Ibn Battuta | 14th century Arab traveler who wrote about his extensive journeys throughout the Islamic world (Dar al-Islam) | 1 | |
| 15113024547 | East African Cultures | bantus migrated to eastern coast; ocean fishing and maritime trade; swahili controlled eastern coast; attracted attention of islamic merchants. Grew bananas. | 2 | |
| 15113024548 | Traditional African Religious Beliefs | No unified religious beliefs. Many were monotheistic, with a single divine male force who was both omnipotent and omniscient (seen as being responsible for setting the world in motion and providing it with order) Lesser gods and spirits were associated with the sun, wind, rain, trees, rivers, and other forces of nature (animism) Belief that souls of the dead ancestors had the power to intervene in a persons life, positively or negatively, depending on how the ancestors had been revered Rituals included prayers, animal sacrifices, and ceremonies marking birth, marriage, and death Religious specialists were believed to have the ability to mediate between humans and the spirit world; in times of despair, they were consulted and in turn consulted oracles and prescribed remedies (medicines, sacrifices)/ | 3 | |
| 15113024549 | Religious Reform Movements During the European Middle Ages | Orders of mendicants ("beggars"): St. Dominic founded the Dominicans and St. Francis founded the Franciscan friars; both pledged to give up all personal possessions and beg for their food and other necessities from the people to whom they preached, and both worked to combat heterodox movements and bring heretics back to the church. • The Waldensians (active in southern France and northern Italy) supported a modest and simple lifestyle, in direct opposition to the Roman Catholic clergy, whom they claimed were corrupt and immoral. Believed in right of the laity to preach and administer sacraments. • The Cathars (Albigensians) took up the heretical teachings of groups such as the Bogomils, who advocated a pure, spiritual existence and who preached that the world was the scene of a larger battle between good and evil and that material possessions were evil. Gave up wealth and marriage and became vegetarians; saw the church as corrupt. • Pope Innocent III called for an "Albigensian crusade" to destroy the Cathars. | 4 | |
| 15113024550 | Medieval Colonization | Scandinavians, led by Eric the Red, established a colony in Greenland during the late 9th and early 10th centuries. About 1000, Lief Ericsson established a colony in Newfoundland, Canada, for Scandinavia and called it Vinland-it had plentiful supplies on timer and fish. | 5 | |
| 15113024551 | Crusades | A long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia. Warriors would "take up the cross" and fight on behalf of their faith. | 6 | |
| 15113024552 | Results of the Crusades | Increases cultural diffusion-Europe was re-introduced to Greco Roman culture which had been preserved by the Byzantine Empire and in addition discovered eastern goods such as silk rice glass and coffee | 7 | |
| 15113024553 | Toltecs | Migrated to central Mexico, settled Tula during the 8th century. Irrigated crops of maze, beans, peppers, tomatoes, chilies, and cotton from the Tula river to support 60,000 people at peak. | 8 | |
| 15113024554 | Aztecs | Also known as Mexica, they created a powerful empire in central Mexico (1325-1521 C.E.). They forced defeated peoples to provide goods and labor as a tax. Developed chinampas (farming system) | 9 | |
| 15113024555 | Aztec Religion | Worship hundreds of gods, human sacrifices to please the gods | 10 | |
| 15113024556 | Incan Empire | Formed in present day Peru. Expanded out as far south as Chile and as far North as Ecuador. Best known for their enourmous wealth. Government was led by their military elite armies were made up of conquered peoples force people into submission by taking hostages. Bureaucrats used a quipu | 11 | |
| 15113024557 | Terrace Farming | The cutting out of flat areas (terraces) into near vertical slopes to allow farming. Terrace farms appears as steps cut into a mountainside. This adaptation allowed both the early Chinese, and the Inca of Mesoamerica to grow enough food for their large populations. | 12 | |
| 15113024558 | Development of Pacific Islands | trade network was not easy-only limited contact with others; some cultural diffusion. grew yams, sweet potatoes, bread fruit, bananas, coconut, and taro and domesticated pig and dog | 13 | |
| 15113024559 | Suifs | focused on a personal relationship with a law rather than strict interpretation of Islam. They allowed worship of traditional gods, whom they believe were manifestations of Allah | 14 | |
| 15113024560 | Agricultural Diffusion | Muslim travelers introduced new foods (citrus fruits, rice) and commercial crops (cotton, sugarcane) to sub-Saharan Africa. European crusaders were first introduced to sugarcane and brought the sweetener back to Europe. Sugarcane plantations sprang up in Sicily, Crete, Cyprus, and Rhodes - infused local economy and introduced slave trade to the region because sugar is a labor-intensive crop. | 15 | |
| 15113024561 | Bubonic Plague | disease brought to Europe from the Mongols during the Middle Ages. It killed 1/3 of the population and helps end Feudalism. Rats, fleas. | 16 | |
| 15113024562 | Ming Dynasty | immediate goal was to remove all signs of Mongol rule. Hongwu centralized power and establish direct war by the emperor. He reestablished a civil service system based on Confucian values to ensure promotion of scholar bureaucrats on the basis of ability, not favors | 17 | |
| 15113024563 | Zheng He | An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa. | 18 | |
| 15113024564 | Renaissance | "rebirth"; following the Middle Ages, a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome | 19 | |
| 15113024565 | Trans-Saharan Trade | route across the sahara desert. Major trade route that traded for gold and salt, created caravan routes, economic benefit for controlling dessert, camels played a huge role in the traditional | 20 | |
| 15113024566 | Trade in the Indian Ocean | Larger ships and improved commercial organization led to an increase in the quantity and quality of trade in the Indian Ocean basin. • Advances in planning: rhythms of monsoons taken into account; larger ships able to go farther away from the coastline; warehouses built to store goods. As a result, commerce flourished. • Trade conducted in stages because monsoons forced mariners to stay in ports for months waiting for favorable winds. • Important Indian ports: Cambay, Calicut, Quilon—way stations for traders from China and Africa. • East African city-states traded gold, iron, and ivory. • From China, silk and porcelain; from India, pepper. • Portugal controlled trade in the Indian Ocean beginning in the 16th century. | 21 | |
| 15113024567 | Long-distance Trade in Eastern Hemisphere | Southeast, Asia, Africa, and India were all connected by trade Good traveled through two primary routes: Silk Roads, established in Han dynasty, were best for transporting light luxury items(silk and precious stones); the sea was used for bulkier items (coral, stone, and building materials) Major trading cities included Hangzhou, Alexandria, Khanbaliq, Kilwa, Constantinople, Quanzhou, Cairo, Melaka, Venice, Cambay, Timbuktu, and Caffa Trade cities enjoyed tremendous wealth as a result of their status as major trading ports; inhabitants usually did not have to pay taxes With the exception of Mongol military campaigns and the Black Death, there were no significant interruptions to trade. | 22 | |
| 15113024568 | porcelain | A delicate yet durable ceramic made of clay | 23 | |
| 15113024569 | Woodblock Printing and Moveable Type | Woodblock printing was invented in China, most likely during the Tang period (618-906) A reverse image was carved on a block of wood in order to create an entire printed page During the song period (960-1279), moveable type used cast bronze tiles that each had a single character (ideograph) that allowed for the type to be moved Moveable type made printing cheaper and books-thus knowledge-more accessible. In Song China, moveable type allowed the government to print books to prepare students for the imperial civil service exams. | 24 |
