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| 11876087743 | Silk Road | An ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean Sea extending some 6,440 km (4,000 mi) and linking China with the Roman Empire. Marco Polo followed the route on his journey to Cathay. | 0 | |
| 11876091945 | Parthians | Iranian ruling dynasty between ca. 250 B.C.E. and 226 C.E. | 1 | |
| 11876091946 | stirrup | device for securing a horseman's feet, enabling him to wield weapons more effectively. First evidence of the use of stirrups was among the Kushan people of northern Afghanistan in approximately the first century C.E. |  | 2 |
| 11876126419 | Sogdian Merchants | People of central Asia who maintained stability and access of the silk road around 300-600 CE. | 3 | |
| 11876146115 | Indian Ocean Maritime System | A network of seaports, trade routes, and maritime culture linking countries on the rim of the Indian Ocean from Africa to Indonesia | 4 | |
| 11876150921 | trans-Saharan caravan routes | Trading network linking North Africa with sub-Saharan Africa across the Sahara. | 5 | |
| 11876154943 | caravenserai | a roadside inn where travelers could rest and recover from the day's journey | 6 | |
| 11876165896 | Sahel | a strip of land that divides the desert from wetter areas | 7 | |
| 11876171796 | Sub-Saharan Africa | Portion of the African continent lying south of the Sahara. | 8 | |
| 11876171797 | Steppes | Treeless plains, especially the high, flat expanses of northern Eurasia, which usually have little rain and are covered with coarse grass. They are good lands for nomads and their herds. Good for breeding horses: essential to Mongol military. | 9 | |
| 11876175204 | Savanna | An area of grassland with scattered trees and bushes | 10 | |
| 11876175205 | tropical rain forest | hot, wet biome with year-round humidity; contains Earth's most diverse species of plants and animals | 11 | |
| 11876179105 | Bantu/Bantu Migration | a group of people and a family of languages that originated towards Northern Africa and began to spread; moved into sub-Saharan Africa; brought agriculture and iron smelting throughout Africa | 12 | |
| 11876186198 | Nestorians | A Christian sect found in Asia; tended to support Islamic invasions of this area in preference to Byzantine rule; cut off from Europe by Muslim invasions | 13 | |
| 11876190922 | Armenia | One of the earliest Christian kingdoms, situated in eastern Anatolia (east of Turkey today) and the western Caucasus and occupied by speakers of the Armenian language. The Ottoman Empire is accused of systematic mass killings of Armenians in the early 20th century. | 14 | |
| 11876190924 | Ethiopia | A Christian kingdom that developed in the highlands of eastern Africa under the dynasty of King Lalaibela; retained Christianity in the face of Muslim expansion elsewhere in Africa | 15 | |
| 11876201010 | Copts/Coptic Christians | an ethnoreligious group indigenous to Northeast Africa who primarily inhabit the area of modern Egypt, where they are the largest Christian denomination in the country | 16 | |
| 11876209416 | Axum | The Christian state in Africa that developed its own branch of Christianity, Coptic Christianity, because it was cut off from other Christians due to a large Muslim presence in Africa. | 17 | |
| 11876212321 | Polynesian Migrations | mariners with canoes who migrated to Hawaii, Samoa, Fiji, Tahiti, New Zealand, Marquesas, and Easter Island | 18 |
