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| 88627164 | Silk Road | caravan routes connecting China and the Middle East across Central asia and Iran. | 0 | |
| 88627165 | Parthians | Iranian ruling dynasty between ca. 250 B.C.E. and 226 CE. | 1 | |
| 88627166 | Sasanid Empire | Iranian empire, established ca. 226, with a capital in Ctesiphon, Mesopotamia. these emperors established Zoroastrianism as the state religion. Islamic Arab armies overthrew the empire ca. 640. | 2 | |
| 88627167 | stirrup | Device for securing a horseman's feet, enabling him to wield weapons more effectively. first evidence of the use of these was among the Kushan people of northern Afghanistan in approximately the first century CE. | 3 | |
| 88627168 | Indian Ocean Maritime System | in premodern times, a network of seaports, trade routes, and maritime culture linking countries on the rim of the Indian ocean from Africa to Indonesia. | 4 | |
| 88627169 | trans-Saharan caravan routes | trading network lining north Africa with sub-Saharan Africa across the Sahara. | 5 | |
| 88627170 | Sahel | belt south of the Sahara; literally "coastland" in Arabic. | 6 | |
| 88627171 | sub-Saharan Africa | portion of the African continent lying south of the Sahara. with dramatically different environments. | 7 | |
| 88627172 | steppes | treeless plains, especially the high, flat expanses of northern Eurasia, which usually have little rain and are covered with coarse grass. they are good lands for nomads and their herds. living on these promoted the breeding of horses and the development of military skills that were essential to the rise of the Mongol Empire. | 8 | |
| 88627173 | savanna | tropical or subtropical grassland, either treeless or with occasional clumps of trees. most extensive in sub-Saharan Africa but also present in South America. | 9 | |
| 88627174 | tropical rain forest | high-precipitation forest zones of the Americas, Africa, and Asia lying between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. | 10 | |
| 88627175 | "great traditions" | historians' term for a literate, well-institutionalized complex of religious and social beliefs and practices adhered to by diverse societies over a broad geographical area. | 11 | |
| 88627176 | "small traditions" | historians' term for a localized, usually nonliterate, set of customs and beliefs adhered to by a single society. | 12 | |
| 88627177 | Bantu | collective name of a large group of sub-Saharan African languages and of the peoples speaking these languages. | 13 | |
| 88627178 | Armenia | one of the earliest Christian kingdoms, situated in eastern Anatolia and the western Caucasus and occupied by speakers of this language. | 14 | |
| 88627179 | Ethiopia | east African highland nation lying east of the Nile River. | 15 |
