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AP World History vocab Flashcards

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8849993786LutherA German monk criticized the Roman Catholic Church in his Ninety-five Theses and began the Reformation./Luther's writings had the unintended consequence of creating a massive schism in the Roman Catholic Church as kings and princes challenged the popes authority over them and the rising middle class in Europe found a religious legitimacy for their role in society.0
8849993787Al Muhaddefinition: the Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632) significance: founder of Islam, a prominent religion1
8849995554MauryanThe Maurya Empire (322 BCE - 185 BCE)-India ruled by the Maurya Dynasty. --Ashoka=emperor-An Indian Empire that had a bureaucratic administration. It unified all of India into a peaceful and stable empire save for the southern tip of India--The empire in India that supported Buddhism, and later accepted Hinduism when it arose2
8849999898GuptaThe empire that later unified India after the Maurya Empire--The Indian empire that was established through exploitative alliances, not through conquest. It relied on those alliances with regional kingdoms to govern3
8850001148Feudalismthe dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.4
8850001149Mandate of Heaventhe idea that there could be only one legitimate ruler of China at a time, and that this ruler had the blessing of the gods.5
8850009727temujin/chinggis khangreat khan and founder of mongol empire6
8850011335yuan dynastyruling dynasty in mongolia established by khublai khan7
8850013826zheng hechinese mariner, explorer, diplomat, fleet admiral and court euncuh during ming dynasty8
8850075560Shang DynastyThe 1st Chinese Dynasty. Ruled from 1766 to 1122 BCE. The development of the written Chinese. Oracle bones were used to write questions or predictions about the future.9
8850078079Zhou DynastyThe 2nd Chinese Dynasty. Mandate of Heaven Placed great emphasis on Ancestor Veneration Strong elite ruling class Lost control of empire- Warring States Period10
8850079853Qin DynastyEnded the Warring States Period. Centralized Bureaucracy. Legalist.11
8850081723Han DynastyCentralized Bureaucracy. Built roads and canals. Confucianism Civil Service Exam Foreign Expansion Tributary System12
8850082637Sui DynastyAfter fall of Han, they reunited China Buddhism and Confucian Civil Service Exam Construction of the Grand Canal13
8850083908Tang DynastyExpanded to Tibet and Korea Completed the Grand Canal Buddhism (until anti-Buddhist movement), Daoism, and Confucianism Civil Service Exam Declined as higher taxation created tensions14
8850084920Song DynastyReestablished centralized rule. Reestablished the Tribute System. Most powerful navy in the world- magnetic compasses. Foot-binding Military threats and nomadic invasions led to fall.15
8850085975Yuan DynastyFirst time China was under foreign rule. Strong Centralized government. Foreigners were employed in the bureaucracy No civil service exam Chinese separated from the Mongols Welcomed merchants and foreigners (increased trade)16
8850087516Ming DynastyReestablished authority over China after foreign rule Refurbished navy Age of Exploration. Expeditions led by Zheng He Taken over by peasant army17
8850090017Qing DynastyUnder rule of foreigners for the 2nd time (the Manchus). Created a large army Expanded their rule through military conquest. Effort to mimic Chinese culture Used civil service exam Forbade intermarriage Forced Chinese men to wear the queue, or a braid Wars and Rebellions weakened empire18
8850105681chavinFirst major urban civilization in South America (900-250 B.C.E.) . It's capital, Chavín de Huantar, was located in the Andes Mountains of Peru. Chavín became politically and economically dominant in a densely populated region that included two distinct ecological zones, the Peruvian Costal Plain and the Andean Foothills. (p. 89)19
8854042912Oligarchyrefers to state. Rule of select few. This is when a small group assumes control of the nation. Example, Russia.20
8854042913Autocracyrefers to state. Rule of one. This is a form of economic seclusion ( or self sufficiency). Example, North Korea.21
8854042914Bureaucracydecisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.22
8854042915Democracythe whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.23
8854042916Republicsupreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.24

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