Terms : Hide Images
| 3203235880 | Pastoral Societies | A pastoral society is a nomadic group of people who travel with a herd of domesticated animals, which they rely on for food. | 0 | |
| 3203235881 | "Secondary Products Revelution" | Technological innovations involved new uses for domesticated animals, beyond their meats and hides. Such as milking, harvesting wool, and to enrich soil with their manure. Also they learned to ride camels and horses and hitch animals to plows. H.S- lead to a transformation of the European economy and society. | 1 | |
| 3203235882 | Bantu migration | The movement of Bantu speaking people. | 2 | |
| 3203235883 | Diffusion | The spreading of something more widely. Refers to the gradual spread of agriculture techniques, and perhaps of the plants and animals themselves, but without the extensive movement of agricultural people. H.S- The process of the extension of farming. | 3 | |
| 3203235884 | Fertile Crescent | First to experience full agricultural revolution. Area of Iraq, Iran, Jordan, and Southern Turkey. A variety of wild plants and animals capable of domestication. Providing the foundation for the worlds first and most productive agricultural societies. H.S- regarded as the birth place of agriculture, urbanization, writing, trade, science, history, and was first populated. | 4 | |
| 3203235885 | Gobekli Tepe | "Worlds oldest temple" made of limestone pillars. Created by Paleolithic people. Likely a ceremonial cite. H.S- Proof of the start of religion. Represents monumental construction long associated with agricultural societies and civilization. Start of Paleolithic people starting to settle down. | 5 | |
| 3203235886 | "Original Affluent Society" | Paleolithic people were referred to this not because they had so much because they wanted or needed so little. H.S- shifting of anthropological thought away from seeing hunter-gatherer societies as primitive ,to seeing them as practitioners to a refined mode of substance. | 6 | |
| 3203235887 | Code of Hammurabi | Was a code for how people were punished depending on social status. A free-born commoner who struck a person of equal rank had to pay a small fine, but if he struck a man who is superior, he shall receive 60 strokes with an open tail whip in public. | 7 | |
| 3203235888 | Patriarchy | A system of society or government in which the father or eldest male is head of the family and decent is traced through the male line. H.S- a system of society or government in which men hold the power over and women are largely excluded from it. | 8 | |
| 3203235889 | Chiefdoms | A for of hierarchical political organization in non-industrial societies usually based on kinship, and in which formal leadership is monopolized by the legitimate senior members of select families or "houses". H.S- inherit acted positions of power created a more distinct element of inequality. | 9 | |
| 3203235890 | Egalitarian | Of, relating to, or believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities. H.S- Very early part of our history, Paleolithic people were egalitarian. | 10 | |
| 3203235891 | Central Asian/Oxcus civilization | Site of yet another first civilization a quite distinctive and separate civilization took shape very quickly after 2200 B.C.E. with in two centuries a number of substantial fortified centers had emerged containing residential compounds artisan workshops and temples all surrounded by walls and gates. H.S- focal point of the Eurasian wide system of intellectual and commercial exchange | 11 | |
| 3203235892 | Mohenjo Dara/ Harappa | Sister city to Harappa population of 40,000 located on the banks of the Indus River. H.S- impressive city that featured large richly built houses of two or three stories complete with indoor plumbing bathrooms and private wells. workers lived in row upon row of two rooms houses | 12 | |
| 3203235893 | Rise of the state | Organized around particular cities or large territories early states were needed almost everywhere by Kings who employed a variety of rent officials. H.S- to modern people of the state is such a familiar reality that we find it difficult to imagine life without it | 13 | |
| 3203235894 | Egypt: "the gift of the Nile" | Egypt was the gift of the Nile. And unending source of substance it provided a crucial role in the development of Egyptian civilization silt deposits from the Nile made the surrounding land fertile because the river overflowed its banks annually. | 14 | |
| 3203235895 | Nubia | Was a part of an Egyptian empire and ancient region of southern Egypt and northern Sudan located to south of Egypt in the Nile Valley. H.S- Nubia remained a distinct civilization developing its own alphabetic script invaded Egypt and ruled for about 100 years | 15 | |
| 3203235896 | Olmec civilization | Olmec cities based on an agricultural economy of maize beans and squash cities arose from competing chiefdoms and became ceremonial centers legacy of the Olmec lay in 17 colossal basalt heads. H.S- first civilization may have created the first written language mother of civilization of Mesoamerica culture pattern spread widely throughout the region and influence subsequent civilization such as Maya And Teotihuacán. | 16 | |
| 3203235897 | Greco-Persian Wars | Ionia became under Persia's power. Cities of Ionia revolted against Persia domination. Greeks and Persia twice and 10 years launch major military expeditions to punish the Greeks Athens in particular. H.S- against all odds the Greeks beat Persia on both land and sea. | 17 | |
| 3203235898 | Hellenistic Era | Period in history defined as the time between the death of Alexander the great and the rise of Roman domination. During this time Greek culture was dominant throughout the Mediterranean. | 18 | |
| 3203235899 | Pax Romana | The Roman peace, the era of imperial Rones greatest extent and greatest authority. H.S- Romes golden years | 19 | |
| 3203235900 | Catalhuyuk | Type of social order where it was Village based horticultural farmers. Also retained much of the social and gender equality of gathering and hunting communities as they didn't have kings, Chiefs, bureaucrats and aristocracies. H.S- Catalhuyuk was a very early agricultural village in southern Turkey example of social order explained above. | 20 | |
| 3203235901 | Norte Chico/Caral | What is a complex pre-Colombian society that included as many as 30 major population centers in what is now Norte Chico region of north central coastal Peru. H.S- Norte Chico lighted the cultural fire in the Andes and established a pattern for the many Andean to set civilizations that followed. | 21 | |
| 3203235902 | Athenian democracy | Direct rather than representative democracy and distinctively Limited a reforming leader Solon emerged 594 B.C.E. to push Athenian politics in a more democratic direction. H.S- broke hold of small group of aristocratic families debt slavery was abolished, access to public office was open to wider group of men all people could take part in assembly | 22 | |
| 3203235903 | Alexander the Great | King of the ancient Greek Kingdom of Macedon. conqueror of Greek city states and a Persian empire from Asia minor to Egypt to India. | 23 | |
| 3203235904 | Qin Shiuangdi | Ruler of China but try to reunify China and succeeded. developed affective bureaucracy subordinated it's aristocrats, equipped it's army with iron weapons and rose agricultural output and growing population. H.S- adopted a political philosophy called legalism proof that China was starting to unify | 24 | |
| 3203235905 | Han Dynasty | Huge imperial system had supernatural sanctions adopted the foreign religion of Buddhism assimilated barbarian people that became Chinese culturally linguistically and through intermarriage. H.S- Fell due to over expansion. | 25 | |
| 3203235906 | Persian Empire | 500 B.C.E. found in the margins of earlier Mesopotamia centered elaborate cult of kingship Royal decree held the empire together showed respect to non-Persian cultural traditions. created the Royal road. H.S- constructed imperial system that drew on previous examples largest and most impressive of the world empires | 26 | |
| 3203235907 | Indus Valley civilization | Is a Bronze Age civilization that encompass the area of modern-day Pakistan and southeastern parts of Afghanistan, Eastern Iran and northwestern India. It's mature period Is known as Harappan civilization | 27 | |
| 3203235908 | Mauryan empire | First and largest of India short experiments with a large scale political system which encompassed all but the southern tip of the subcontinent located in India. H.S- impressive political structure equivalent to the Persian Chinese and Roman empires large military civilian bureaucracy and operated many industries | 28 | |
| 3203235909 | Ashoka | A Mauryan Indian emperor. Who left a record of his activities in thinking in a series of edicts. Sought to govern with religious values and moral teachings. H.S- Ashoka's conversion to Buddhism and his moralistic approach to governance gave his reign a different tone than China Shihuangdi or Alexander the Great. | 29 | |
| 3203235910 | Legalism | Solution to China's problems system of rewards and punishments strict laws enforced with harsh punishments legalist rulers treated people horribly. H.S- re-unified China used by first emperor Shihuangdi and Quinn dynasty. | 30 | |
| 3203235911 | Confucianism | Good relationships, not religious, respect your parents, rulers lead by example, men superior to women education sets men apart from one another. H.S- left deep mark on China's culture became central element of the education system which prepared students for exams to gain official position. | 31 | |
| 3203235912 | Daoism | Free-spirited no interest in social order or government find a way to live in harmony with nature rejected conflict saw government as a natural. H.S- turned attention to immense realm of nature going against Confucius ways | 32 | |
| 3203235913 | Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) | Creative the Buddhist religion from Hinduism talked suffering in the end of suffering teachings reflected Hinduism of karma and rebirth more accessible version of Hinduism H.S- after death followers claimed him as Buddha, a person who had been awakened | 33 | |
| 3203235914 | Zoroastrianism | One God placed great emphasis on the free will of humankind, pick between good and evil, didn't spread widely never became active missionary religion located in Persia. H.S- like Buddhism vanished from place of origin Some of its beliefs system became incorporated into other religious traditions. | 34 | |
| 3203235915 | Caste of Varna | Caste was built based off of economic and social differences. Had 4 different classes (Varna). Top class was Brahmans, then Kshatriyas, then Vaisya, then lastly the Sudra. Later lower class formed called the untouchables. H.S- Everyone was born into and remained within gone of these classes for life. They couldn't change classes. | 35 | |
| 3203235916 | Judaism | Came from Hebrews. Distinctive concept of God. Jealous God. One God, had to obey God. Holy person in which people could communicate. H.S- distinctive conception of the divine. Set of ideas sustained separate Jewish identity in both ancient and modern times. One of the only religions that didn't disappear. | 36 | |
| 3203235917 | China's Scholar-gentry class | Benefited both from the wealth that their estates generated and from the power and prestige that accompanied their education and membership in the official elite. H.S- Lived luxurious lives. Term reflects their twin sources of privilege. | 37 | |
| 3203235918 | Empress Wu | Former high ranking concubine. Only woman to ever rule China with the title of emperor. Created greater social equality. Support from Buddhist establishment. H.S- sign of a weakening patriarchy | 38 | |
| 3203235919 | Greek and Roman slavery | Slaves lacked rights or independent personal identities. In Greece and Rome slaves could be emancipated through the generosity or religious convictions of their owners. Or to avoid caring for them in old age. Or allow them to buy their own freedom. H.S- Slavery differed from each civilization, reflecting each of their own separate cultures. | 39 | |
| 3203235920 | Caste of Jati | Based on occupation. Class of Varna were divided into different Jati's. Marriage and eating together depended on ones Jati, you could only marry and eat within your Jati. H.S- Blended with India's Varna system to create India's unique caste based society. | 40 | |
| 3203235921 | Maya civilization | Located in Mesoamerica. Created mathematics and calendar. Sustained substantial elite classes. Not imperial. Resembled competing city-states. Over population, depletion of resources, droughts, and warfare caused collapse. H.S- only civilization in America to have a writing system. | 41 | |
| 3203235922 | Bantu expansion | Located in Africa. Language based culture patterns, farming and iron working: little need for large state systems. H.S- spread of agriculture and iron working technology and brought common set of cultural and social practices to East Africa. | 42 | |
| 3203235923 | Teotihuacán | 6th largest urban complex in the world but yet a lot still a mystery. Located in Mesoamerica. Had plazas, huge market places, temples, palaces, apartments, slums, waterways, drainage systems and murals. H.S- It was a city not a civilization. It was the 6th largest in the world | 43 | |
| 3203235924 | Niger Valley civilization | Social function like caste. No state system was developed. Iron work earliest specialized occupation. Long trade networks for minerals, agricultural goods and other interior commodities. H.S- no state system or someone in charge. It ran like a caste system. | 44 | |
| 3203235925 | Axum | Located in the Horn of Africa.. Christian. Trade with Rome. Plow based agriculture. 3rd empire by Rome. Conversion of Christianity due to trade with Rome and imperial expansion to Moroë and Yeman. H.S- productive agriculture. Christianity linked Axum to Egypt where Coptic church was established. | 45 | |
| 3203235926 | Pochteca | Merchants in Aztec. Acted as own private business men. H.S- undertook large-scale trading expeditions both writhing and well beyond the borders of their empire. | 46 | |
| 3203235927 | Sand roads | West Africa center of trade. Trades of gold, salt, and slaves. Camel caravans. H.S- Change in Patriarchy and growth in riches. | 47 | |
| 3203235928 | Trans-Sahara slave trade | Most slaves used in emerging West African civilization, but trade in slaves developed across the Sahara. 5,500 slaves per year made the trek across the dessert. Most were put to work in homes of wealthy Islamic North Africa. H.S- Representing emerging West African civilizations. | 48 | |
| 3203235929 | Ghana, Mali, Songhay | Reached from Atlantic coast to Lake Chad. Elaborate court life and varying degrees of administrative complexity and military forces at their disposal. Drew in wealth from trans -Sahara trade, taxing merchants. H.S- reputation for great riches. Center of trade for sand roads. | 49 | |
| 3203235930 | Great Zimbabwe | Connected to the growing trade of gold to the coast and large hearts of cattle. Had resources and labor power to construct huge stone enclosures, entirely without motor. H.S- traded and provided a good amount of gold. | 50 | |
| 3203235931 | Indian Ocean trading network | New technology such as junks and compass. India was fulcrum. Islam provided positive effects on Indian trade. Catalyst for change in Southeast Asia and East Africa. H.S- Spread of Indian culture. Able to transport greater bulks of goods. | 51 | |
| 3203235932 | Swahili civilization | New identity away from Bantu. Was Islamic. Islam linked Swahili cities to the larger Indian Ocean world. East Africa. H.S- Rich sources of gold was much in demand on Swahili coast. | 52 | |
| 3203235933 | Angkor Wat | A monument built to symbolize power and culture.s | 53 | |
| 3203235934 | Black Death | Spread along the Silk Road. Prevented Byzantium from integrating Italy into a new version of a renewed Rome. Came from the Mongols. H.S- lost 1,000's of people a day during a 40 day period. | 54 | |
| 3203235935 | Silk Roads | Inner Eurasia not so good agriculture establishment; outer Eurasia great agriculture. Pastoral people in motion raised animals. Traded products with others in "outer zone". Indirect connections between empires. Goods in transit, cultures in transit and disease. H.S- linked pastoral and agricultural people to the continents outer rim. | 55 | |
| 3203235936 | Emperor Wendi | Sui emperor. Monasteries constructed at the base of China's 5 sacred mountains, further identifying the imported religion with traditional Chinese culture. Used Buddhism to justify military campaigns. H.S- showed growth of Buddhism and the intervention of it in Chinese culture. | 56 | |
| 3203235937 | Chinese Buddhism | Entered China through the Silk Road. Conflicted with China's understanding of the world. Found Buddhism useful after collapse of the Han Dynasty because it was foreign. It provided comfort and social services. In broader Mahyan form rather than psychological and individualistic. Sui and Tang dynasties= growing state support from Buddhism. | 57 | |
| 3203235938 | Izumi Shikibu | Japanese poet and lover. Most illustrated female poet. Poetry about love and affairs. H.S- weakening patriarchy | 58 | |
| 3203235939 | Bushido | Distinctive set of values = great skill in martial arts, bravery, loyalty, endurance, honor and preference over death then surrender. H.S- the way of the warrior. | 59 | |
| 3203235940 | Shotoku Taishi | Leader. Prominent aristocratic from a major clan. 17th article constitution-encouraged Confucianism and Buddhism. Japan. H.S- large scale missions to China which took hundreds of Japanese monks, scholars, artist and students to the mainland. When they returned they practiced what they learned. | 60 | |
| 3203235941 | Hangul/ Chu nom | 61 | ||
| 3203235942 | Silla Dynasty (Korea) | Korea origin. 688-900. Allied with Tang Dynasty to bring political unity. 1 of 3 states in Korea. Korea maintained political independence while participating in China's powerful tribute system. H.S- evidence of China's powerful relationship. Shows China's dominance in the region. | 62 | |
| 3203235943 | Tribute system | China as the "Middle Kingdom" superior to barbarian people. Set of practices that required non-Chinese authorities to knowledge China's superiority and their own subordinate place in a Chinese centered world. H.S- a way to manage barbarians. | 63 | |
| 3203235944 | Foot binding | Tight wrapping and breaking of the feet of girls. Small feet meant beauty. Kept girls at home. Pop. During Song Dynasty. H.S- proof and evidence of patriarchy during the Song Dynasty. | 64 | |
| 3203235945 | Hangzhou | Home to more than a million people. H.S- capital of Song Dynasty. | 65 | |
| 3203235946 | Song Dynasty | Confucianism and Buddhism. Patriarch with foot binding. Built off of foundation of Sui dynasty. 960-1279. Unified coinage. People over worked and over taxed. Established army. H.S- during the Song Dynasty China was the most rich, skilled, populate, country on Earth. Grand canal constructed. | 66 | |
| 3203235947 | Tang Dynasty | Doaism= less patriarchy, more naturey. Built on foundation of Sui dynasty. 618-907. "The best ordered state in the worlds. H.S- Golden age of China. | 67 |
