Chapter 12
Terms : Hide Images
| 2055166830 | Xiongnu | A confederation of nomadic peoples living beyond the northwest frontier of ancient China. Chinese rulers tried a variety of defenses and stratagems to ward off these 'barbarians,' as they called them, and dispersed them in 1st Century. (168) | 0 | |
| 2055168177 | Modun | great ruler of the Xiongnu Empire (reigned 210-174 BCE) who created a centralized and hierarchical political system | 1 | |
| 2055168593 | Arabs | traveling people who lived throughout North Africa and Southwest Asia/Middle East, first followers of Islam | 2 | |
| 2055169332 | Berbers | A pastoral people living along the Mediterranean coast of northern Africa, primarily the Hagar Mountains | 3 | |
| 2055170201 | Turks | Central Asian nomads related to the Xiongnu peoples that pressured Han China. Set up empires throughout Eurasia. Organized as tribes that constantly fought each other. Most converted to Islam. They were primarily herders, using animal products to live (skins, meat, milk, bones, dung, etc). Not a large population because of limited water on the grasslands. Nobility was hereditary but could be lost through incompetence. Most societies sought to trade with settled people. Nobles controlled absolutely in times of war. | 4 | |
| 2055172424 | Mongols | A people of this name is mentioned as early as the records of the Tang Empire, living as nomads in northern Eurasia. After 1206 they established an enormous empire under Genghis Khan, linking western and eastern Eurasia. >(p. 325) | 5 | |
| 2055173158 | Chinggis Khan | Also known as Temujin; he united the Mongol tribes into an unstoppable fighting force; created largest single land empire in history. | 6 | |
| 2055175040 | Bedouin Arabs | nomadic peoples who originally came from the northern part of the Arabian Peninsula; organized on a tribal basis. | 7 | |
| 2055176880 | Masai | Nomadic cattle-keeping people of what is now Kenya and Tanzania. | 8 | |
| 2055177209 | Shamans | Religious specialists who possessed supernatural powers, communicated with the gods and nature spirits, invoked divine aid on behalf of their communities, and informed their companions of their gods' will. | 9 | |
| 2055178464 | Khanate | four divisions of the Mongol world - Chaghadai, Persia, Kipchak (Golden Horde), and Yuan dynasty in China that arose from the death of Chinggis Khan | 10 | |
| 2055179722 | Yuan | (1279-1368 CE) The dynasty with Mongol rule in China; centralized with bureaucracy but structure is different: Mongols on top->Persian bureaucrats->Chinese bureuacrats. | 11 | |
| 2055181479 | Khubilai Khan | 1215-1294; Last of the Mongol Great Khans (r. 1260-1294) and founded the Yuan Empire | 12 | |
| 2055184606 | Abbasid Caliphate | (750-1258 CE) The caliphate, after the Umayyads, who focused more on administration than conquering. Had a bureaucracy that any Mulim could be a part of. | 13 | |
| 2055193630 | Black Death | A deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351 | 14 | |
| 2055195228 | Serfdom | Feudal system, the use of serfs to work the land in return for protection against barbarian invasions | 15 |
