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| 3777622274 | beduoin | nomadic pastoralist of the Arabian peninsula, culture based on camel and goat nomadism, early converts to islam | 0 | |
| 3777622275 | ka'ba | most revered religious shrine in pre-Islamic Arabia, located in Mecca, focus of obligatory annual truce among Bedouin tribes, later incorporated as important shrine in Islam | 1 | |
| 3777622276 | Mecca | city located in mountain region along Red Sea in Arabian peninsula, founded by Umayyad clan of Quraysh, original home of Muhammed, chief religious pilgrimage point in Mecca | 2 | |
| 3777622277 | Dowh | Arab sailing vessels with triangular sails | 3 | |
| 3777622278 | Mohammed | prophet of Islam, born 570 to Banu Hishim clan of Quraysh tribe in Mecca, raised by fathers family, received revaluations from Allah in 610 and died in 632 | 4 | |
| 3777622279 | Ridda Wars | followed Mohammed's death in 632, resulted in defeat of rival prophets and some of larger clans restored unity in Islam | 5 | |
| 3777622280 | Baghdad | capital of Abbasid Dynasty located in Iraq near ancient Persian capital of Ctesiphon | 6 | |
| 3777622281 | Umma | community of the faithful within Islam, transcended old tribal boundaries to create degree of political unity | 7 | |
| 3777622282 | 5 Pillars of Islam | confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, hajj | 8 | |
| 3777622283 | hajj | pilgrimage to Mecca | 9 | |
| 3777622284 | dhimmi | "people of the book" applied to Jews and Christians in Islamic territories and later extended to Zoroastrianism and Hindus | 10 | |
| 3777622285 | crusades | series of eight wars and military adventures launched by western Christians to free holy land from Muslims | 11 | |
| 3777622286 | saladin | Muslim leader in the 12th century reconquered most of the crusader outposts for Islam | 12 | |
| 3777622287 | sufi | mystics within Islam, responsible for expansion of Islam to South-Eastern Asia and other regions | 13 | |
| 3777622288 | mamluks | Muslim slave warriors, established a dynasty in Egypt, defeated Mongols in 1260, halted Mongol advances | 14 | |
| 3777622289 | stateless societies | African societies organized around kinship or other forms of obligation and lacking the concentration of political power and authority associated with states | 15 | |
| 3777622290 | Ibn Batuta | 1304 Arab traveler who described African societies and cultures in his travel records | 16 | |
| 3777622291 | sundiata | "lion prince" a member of the Kieta clan, created a unified state that became the Mali Empire died 1260 | 17 | |
| 3777622292 | Juula | Malike merchants, formed small partnerships to carry out trade throughout Mali empire, eventually spread through much of west Africa | 18 | |
| 3777622293 | Timbuktu | port city of Mali, located off of Niger River, population of 50,000, contained library and university | 19 |
