Terms : Hide Images
| 6787806318 | Abbasids | dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads in 750; their capital was at Baghdad | 0 | |
| 6787806319 | Abu Bakr | succeeded Muhammad as the first caliph | 1 | |
| 6787806320 | Ali | cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of the orthodox caliphs; focus for the development of shi'ism | 2 | |
| 6787806321 | Batu | grandson of Chinggis Khan and ruler of Golden Horde; invaded Russia in 1236 | 3 | |
| 6787806322 | Bedouin | nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula with a culture based on herding camels and goats | 4 | |
| 6787806323 | Black Death | bubonic plague that struck Europe in the 14th c; significantly reduced Europe's population; affected social structure; decimated populations in Asia, introduced to Europe and Led partly to fall of Feudal structures in Europe | 5 | |
| 6787806324 | Bushi | regional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies | 6 | |
| 6787806325 | Caliph | the successor to Muhammad as head of the Islamic community | 7 | |
| 6787806326 | Carolingians | royal house of Franks from 8th c to 10th c | 8 | |
| 6787806327 | Champa Rice | tributary gift from Vietnam to China, led to population increase | 9 | |
| 6787806328 | Charlemagne | Carolingian monarch who established large empire in France and Germany circa 800 | 10 | |
| 6787806329 | Charles Martel | first Carolingian king of the Franks; defeated Muslims at Tours in 732 | 11 | |
| 6787806330 | Chinggis Khan | (1162-1227); Mongol ruler; defeated the Turkish Persian kingdoms | 12 | |
| 6787806331 | Clovis | King of the Franks; converted to Christianity circa 496 | 13 | |
| 6787806332 | Crusades | invasions of western Christians into Muslim lands, especially Palestine; captured Jerusalem and established Christian kingdoms enduring until 1291 | 14 | |
| 6787806333 | Daimyos | warlord rulers of small states following Onin war and disruption of | 15 | |
| 6787806334 | Dhows | Arab sailing vessels; equipped with lateen sails; used by Arab merchants | 16 | |
| 6787806335 | Diasporic communities | merchant communities that introduced their own cultures into other areas | 17 | |
| 6787806336 | East African trading ports | urbanized commercial centers mixing African and Arab cultures; included Mogadishu, Mombasa, Malindi, Kilwas, Pate, and Zanzibar | 18 | |
| 6787806337 | Effect of Muslim conquests | collapse of other empires, mass conversion | 19 | |
| 6787806338 | Ethnocentrism | judging foreigners by the standards of one's own group; leads to problems in interpreting world history | 20 | |
| 6787806339 | Feudalism | personal relationship during the Middle Ages by which greater lords provided land to lesser lords in return for military service | 21 | |
| 6787806340 | Five Pillars | the obligatory religious duties for all Muslims; confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) | 22 | |
| 6787806341 | Flying money | Chinese credit instrument that provided vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of a venture; reduced danger of robbery; an early form of currency | 23 | |
| 6787806342 | Fujiwara | mid-9th c Japanese aristocratic family; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power | 24 | |
| 6787806343 | Golden Horde | one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after death of Chinggis Khan; conquered and ruled Russia during the 13th and 14th c | 25 | |
| 6787806344 | Gothic | an architectural style developed during the 13th and 14th c in western Europe; featured pointed arches and flying buttresses as external support on main walls | 26 | |
| 6787806345 | Grand Canal | great canal system begun by Yangdi; joined Yellow River region to the Yangtze basin | 27 | |
| 6787806346 | Great Zimbabwe | with massive stone buildings and walls, incorporates the greatest early buildings in sub-Saharan Africa | 28 | |
| 6787806347 | Gregory VII | 11th c pope who attempted to free church from secular control; quarreled with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV over practice of lay investiture of bishops | 29 | |
| 6787806348 | Hadiths | "traditions" of the prophet Muhammad; added to the Qur'an, form the essential writings of Islam | 30 | |
| 6787806349 | Hanseatic League | an organization of north German and Scandinavian cities for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance | 31 | |
| 6787806350 | Holy Roman Emperors | political heirs to Charlemagne's empire in northern Italy and Germany; claimed title of emperor but failed to develop centralized monarchy | 32 | |
| 6787806351 | Hulegu | grandson of Chinggis Khan and rule of Ilkhan khanate; captured and destroyed Abbasid Baghdad | 33 | |
| 6787806352 | Hundred Years War | conflict between England and France over territory (1337-1453) Established a since of Nationalism with each country. Joan of Arc united the French and promoted French patriotism. | 34 | |
| 6787806353 | Ibn Battuta | Arab traveler throughout the Muslim world | 35 | |
| 6787806354 | Iconoclasm | the breaking of images; religious controversy of the 8th c; Byzantine emperor attempted, but failed, to suppress icon veneration | 36 | |
| 6787806355 | Ilkhan khanate | one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; eventually included much of Abbasid empire | 37 | |
| 6787806356 | Investiture | the practice of appointment of bishops; Pope Gregory attempted to stop lay investiture, leading to a conflict with the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV | 38 | |
| 6787806357 | Jihad | Islamic holy war | 39 | |
| 6787806358 | Jinshi | title given students who passed the most difficult examinations; became eligible for high office | 40 | |
| 6787806359 | Junks | Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, stern-post rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula | 41 | |
| 6787806360 | Khmers and Chams | Indianized Vietnamese peoples defeated by northern government at Hanoi | 42 | |
| 6787806361 | Kiev | commercial city in Ukraine established by Scandinavians in 9th c; became the center for kingdom that flourished until 12th c | 43 | |
| 6787806362 | Kubilai Khan | Grandson of Chinggis Khan; conquered China; established Yuan dynasty in 1271 | 44 | |
| 6787806363 | Magna Carta | Great charter issued by King John of England in 1215; represented principle of mutual limits and obligations between rulers and feudal aristocracy, and the supremacy of law | 45 | |
| 6787806364 | Mahayana (Pure Land) Buddhism | emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among the masses in East Asia | 46 | |
| 6787806365 | Malacca | flourishing trading city in Malaya; established a trading empire after the fall of Shrivijaya | 47 | |
| 6787806366 | Mali | state of the Malinke people centered between the Senegal and Niger rivers | 48 | |
| 6787806367 | Mamluks | Muslim slave warriors; established dynasty in Egypt; led by Baibars defeated Mongols in 1260 | 49 | |
| 6787806368 | Manorialism | rural system of reciprocal relations between landlords and their peasant laborers during the Middle Ages; peasants exchanged labor for use of land and protection | 50 | |
| 6787806369 | Mansa | title of the ruler of Mali | 51 | |
| 6787806370 | Manzikert | Seljuk Turk victory in 1071 over Byzantium; resulted in loss of the empire's rich Anatolian territory | 52 | |
| 6787806371 | Marco Polo | traveler/merchant from Europe who spend 17 years at court of Kublai Khan | 53 | |
| 6787806372 | Mawali | non-Arab converts to Islam | 54 | |
| 6787806373 | Mecca | Arabian commercial center; dominated by the Quraysh; the home of Muhammad and the future center of Islam | 55 | |
| 6787806374 | Medina | town northeast of Mecca; asked Muhammad to resolve its intergroup differences; Muhammad's flight to Medina, the hijra, in 622 began the Muslim calendar | 56 | |
| 6787806375 | Middle Ages | the period in western European history between the fall of Roman Empire and the 15th c | 57 | |
| 6787806376 | Ming Dynasty | replaced Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted large trade expeditions to southern Asia and Africa; later concentrated on internal development within China | 58 | |
| 6787806377 | Mongols | central Asian nomadic peoples; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed the last Abbasid caliph | 59 | |
| 6787806378 | Muhammad | (570-632); prophet of Allah; originally a merchant of the Quraysh | 60 | |
| 6787806379 | Nguyen | southern Vietnamese dynasty with capital at Hue that challenged northern Trinh dynasty with center at Hanoi | 61 | |
| 6787806380 | Ottoman Empire | Turkish Empire established in Asia Minor and eventually extending through the Middle East and the Balkans; conquered Constantinople in 1453 and ended Byzantine Empire | 62 | |
| 6787806381 | Period of the Six Dynasties | era of continuous warfare (220-589) among the many kingdoms that followed the fall of the Han | 63 | |
| 6787806382 | Pope Urban II | organized the first Crusade in 1095; appealed to Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim control | 64 | |
| 6787806383 | Qur'an | the word of god as revealed through Muhammad; made into the holy book of Islam | 65 | |
| 6787806384 | Rurik | legendary Scandinavian, regarded as founder of Kievan Rus' in 855 | 66 | |
| 6787806385 | Russian Orthodoxy | Russian form of Christianity brought from Byzantine Empire | 67 | |
| 6787806386 | Samurai | mounted troops of the bushi; loyal to local lords, not the emperor | 68 | |
| 6787806387 | Scholasticism | dominant medieval philosophical approach; so-called because of its base in the schools or universities; based on use of logic to resolve theological problems | 69 | |
| 6787806388 | Seljuk Turks | nomadic invaders from central Asia; staunch Sunnis; ruled from the 11th c. in the name of the Abbasids | 70 | |
| 6787806389 | Seppuku | ritual suicide in Japan; also known as hari-kiri; demonstrated courage and was a means to restore family honor | 71 | |
| 6787806390 | Serfs | peasant agricultural laborers within the manorial system | 72 | |
| 6787806391 | Shi'a | followers of Ali's interpretation of Islam | 73 | |
| 6787806392 | Shoguns | military leaders of the bakufu | 74 | |
| 6787806393 | Shrivijaya | trading empire based on the Malacca straits; its Buddhist government resisted Muslim missionaries; when it fell, southeastern Asia was opened to Islam | 75 | |
| 6787806394 | Sinification | extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions | 76 | |
| 6787806395 | Songhay | successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of the Niger valley; capital at Gao | 77 | |
| 6787806396 | Southern Song | smaller surviving dynasty (1127-1279); presided over one of the greatest cultural reigns in world history. Fell to the Mongols in 1276 and eventually taken over in 1279. | 78 | |
| 6787806397 | Sufis | Islamic mystics; spread Islam to many Afro-Asian regions | 79 | |
| 6787806398 | Sundiata | created a unified state that became the Mali empire; died in 1260 | 80 | |
| 6787806399 | Sunnis | followers of the majority interpretation within Islam; included the Umayyads | 81 | |
| 6787806400 | Tang Dynasty | followed Sui, established tributary states in Vietnam and Korea, influence Japan, Established strong Buddhist and Confucian presence | 82 | |
| 6787806401 | Tatars | Mongols who conquered Russian cities during the 13th c; left Russian church and aristocracy intact | 83 | |
| 6787806402 | Three-field system | practice of dividing land into thirds, rotating between two different crops and pasturage-- an improvement making use of manure | 84 | |
| 6787806403 | Timbuktu | trade center of Mali, cosmopolitan city that saw the blending of many different cultures and people | 85 | |
| 6787806404 | Trans Saharan trade | Dominated my Muslims in 13th century after rise of Islamic caliphates.. | 86 | |
| 6787806405 | Trung Sisters | leaders of a rebellion in Vietnam against Chinese rule in 39 CE; demonstrates importance of women in Vietnamese society | 87 | |
| 6787806406 | Ulama | Islamic religious scholars; pressed for a more conservative and restrictive theology; opposed to non-Islamic thinking | 88 | |
| 6787806407 | Umayyad | clan of the Quraysh that dominated Mecca; later an Islamic dynasty | 89 | |
| 6787806408 | Umma | community of the faithful within Islam | 90 | |
| 6787806409 | Vassals | members of the military elite who received land or a benefice from a lord in return for military service and loyalty | 91 | |
| 6787806410 | Vikings | seagoing Scandinavian raiders who disrupted coastal areas of Europe from the 8th to 11th c; pushed across the Atlantic to Iceland, Greenland, and North America; formed permanent territories in Normandy and Sicily | 92 | |
| 6787806411 | Vladmir I | ruler of Kiev (980-1015); converted kingdom to Orthodox Christianity | 93 | |
| 6787806412 | Wazir | chief administrative official under the Abbasids | 94 | |
| 6787806413 | White Lotus Society | secret religious society dedicated to overthrow of Yuan dynasty | 95 | |
| 6787806414 | William the Conqueror | invaded England from Normandy in 1066; established tight feudal system and centralized monarchy in England | 96 | |
| 6787806415 | Wuzong | Tang emperor (841-847); persecuted Buddhist monasteries and reduced influence of Buddhism in favor of Confucianism | 97 | |
| 6787806416 | African Diaspora | The spreading of Africans to many other parts of the world, especially the Americas. Important P4 demographic change | 98 | |
| 6787806417 | Akbar | the grandson of Babur, who brought the height of the Mughal empire; expanded to control much of the subcontinent. | 99 | |
| 6787806418 | Alternate attendance | Required Daimyos to spend every other year at the Tokugawa court, keeping their power in check. Weakened in two ways: their wealth was affected by having two households, and their ability to establish separate power bases was impaired | 100 | |
| 6787806419 | Anglican Church | A form of Christianity established by Henry VIII that was not decided on the grounds of religious belief, but because the pope would not allow him to divorce his wife. | 101 | |
| 6787806420 | Army of the Pure | challenged the Mughal army, asserted Sikh beliefs aggressively; helped weaken the Mughal Empire | 102 | |
| 6787806421 | Atahualpa | the leader of the Incas, who was seized by Pizzaro and gave gold to him, first baptized as a Christian, than strangled | 103 | |
| 6787806422 | Atlantic Circuit | a clockwise network of sea routs in the Atlantic Ocean | 104 | |
| 6787806423 | Babur | founded the Mughal Empire, claimed to be a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan (1526) | 105 | |
| 6787806424 | Bartholomew Dias | set out to find the tip of Africa and connect beyond it to the Indian Ocean | 106 | |
| 6787806425 | Battle at Lepanto | famous sea battle with the Ottomans vs Philip II. Ottomans and their Muslim allies lost control of many ports | 107 | |
| 6787806426 | Battle of Chaldrian | The Shi'ite versus Sunni conflict at Chaldrian over religious differences, set the limits for Shi'ite expansion | 108 | |
| 6787806427 | Bourgeoisie | middle class; factory owners who put long hours and much of their profit into their businesses | 109 | |
| 6787806428 | Brahe & Kepler | developed a more complex theory from Copernicus in 1610 | 110 | |
| 6787806429 | Cape Colony | one of the two beachland colonies established by the Europeans in the 16th century, functioned as a major coastal stop for travelers. | 111 | |
| 6787806430 | Caravel | a new ship developed by the Portuguese, which was much smaller than the junk, but size allowed for exploration of shallower coastal areas | 112 | |
| 6787806431 | Castas | a middle-level status between Europeans at the top; and Amerindians and blacks at the bottom | 113 | |
| 6787806432 | Catholic Reformation | the church's actions to revive their reputation and membership roles in 1545 (regained control of most of southern Europe, Austria, Poland, and much of Hungary) | 114 | |
| 6787806433 | Conquistadors | went to search for gold and convert the natives to Christianity in the interior of Mexico | 115 | |
| 6787806434 | Constitutional Monarchy | States where rulers shared power with a parliament, ie representatives selected by nobility/urban citizens | 116 | |
| 6787806435 | Cortes | sought to find the Aztec capital, and took over the Aztec land - with help of Amerindians, disease, and technology | 117 | |
| 6787806436 | Cossacks | Peasants, Ivan III consolidated land hold by recruiting them | 118 | |
| 6787806437 | Creoles | composed of those born in the new world; a quickly growing class | 119 | |
| 6787806438 | Daimyo | territorial lords, who held local control of areas. Varied in influence, but each maintained his own governments and had his own samurai | 120 | |
| 6787806439 | De La Casas | a conquistador priest who dedicated himself to protecting Amerindian rights | 121 | |
| 6787806440 | Deism | God built the universe and let it run. Clockmaker theory. | 122 | |
| 6787806441 | Devshirme | a system that required Christians of the area to contribute young boys to be the sultan's slaves | 123 | |
| 6787806442 | Divine Right | with God's blessing of the king's authority, the legitimacy of royalty across Europe was enhanced, ex: reign of Louis XIV during the 17th and 18th centuries | 124 | |
| 6787806443 | Dutch East India Company | a joint stock company that specialized in the spice and luxury trade of the East Indies and quickly gained control of Dutch Trading in the Pacific | 125 | |
| 6787806444 | Edict of Nantes | The granting of tolerance to Protestants through this, which was later revoked by King Louis XIV | 126 | |
| 6787806445 | Encomienda | the system in which conquistadors had forced natives to do work for them | 127 | |
| 6787806446 | English Civil War | This was the revolution as a result of whether the sovereignty would remain with the king or with the Parliament. Eventually, the kingship was abolished. | 128 | |
| 6787806447 | Enlightenment | the emphasis on human abilities and accomplishments and the importance of independent and rational thought | 129 | |
| 6787806448 | Ethnocentrism | the term that describes the tendency of human beings to view their own culture as superior | 130 | |
| 6787806449 | Fetehpur Silkri | Akbar's entirely new capital city, showing the Mughal love for magnificent architecture. | 131 | |
| 6787806450 | Forbidden City | was the home of the emperor and his family, which expanded service people to 20,000; as the government returned to Beijing from Manjing | 132 | |
| 6787806451 | Franciscans | people who converted new world people to Christianity, and took care of the poor. | 133 | |
| 6787806452 | Francisco Pizzaro | led a group of soldiers to the Andes to find the Inca. The Incas were weak; Pizzaro conquered and got gold. | 134 | |
| 6787806453 | Galileo | used the first telescope during the Renaissance in 1609, where he made many large discoveries in the solar system, until he was put under house arrest for spreading conflicting ideas | 135 | |
| 6787806454 | Gentry | the most powerful members of a society, and landowners that affected the style of the old aristocracy | 136 | |
| 6787806455 | Gunpowder Empires | an age of time where almost all powerful states used guns to build control/attack (included Russia, Ming and Qing, Japan, the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid and the Mughal Empires) | 137 | |
| 6787806456 | Hapsburg | A powerful family with land claims all over Europe from Spain to Italy to the Netherlands to Hungary, as all the Holy Roman Emperor's had been Hapsburg since 1273 | 138 | |
| 6787806457 | Henry the Navigator | the third son of the Portuguese king; devoted his life to navigation, creating a navigation school, which became a magnet for the cartographers of the world | 139 | |
| 6787806458 | Hidden Imam | the 12th descendant of Muhammad, who in the end disappeared as a child | 140 | |
| 6787806459 | Holy Roman Empire | a place/time where religion remained very important, and religious issues continued to fragment, and strong kings emerged in the 16th century | 141 | |
| 6787806460 | Humanism | interest in the capabilities and accomplishments of individuals | 142 | |
| 6787806461 | Imams | heirs of Muhammad according to Shi'ite muslims | 143 | |
| 6787806462 | Indulgences | The Catholic Church's grants of salvation for money in the 1500s, part of the growing corruption of the church. | 144 | |
| 6787806463 | Isaac Newton | discovered the basic principles of motion + gravity, where he captured the idea of an entire universe in simple laws | 145 | |
| 6787806464 | Isfahan vs. Istanbul | differed, the first was far from cosmopolitan, Shi'ite, and had international trade, while the latter had more guilds and organized merchants | 146 | |
| 6787806465 | Ismail | united a large area south of the Caspian Sea and of the Ottoman Empire. An army emerged under him, as well as declared Twelver shi'ism for his new Safavid realm | 147 | |
| 6787806466 | Ivan III | declared himself as "tsar" (means Caesar) with the claim he was establishing the "Third Rome" | 148 | |
| 6787806467 | Ivan IV | Ivan the Terrible (his nickname) reflected problems that tsars faced as power increased | 149 | |
| 6787806468 | Janissaries | Checked the military power of the sultan, being an elite military group | 150 | |
| 6787806469 | Jesuits | a religious order converting people to return to the church (went to Asia + Americas in 1500's) | 151 | |
| 6787806470 | Johan Gutenberg | a German goldsmith and printer, who created the printing press, in 1454 | 152 | |
| 6787806471 | John Calvin | A protestant who established a variation of his beliefs on a stern and vengeful God. | 153 | |
| 6787806472 | John Locke | sought to understand the impact of the "laws of nature" on human liberties | 154 | |
| 6787806473 | Joint-stock Companies | these companies organized commercial ventures on a large scale by allowing investors to buy and sell shares. The new capitalist system largely replaced the old guild system of the middle ages. | 155 | |
| 6787806474 | Kabuki | a form of drama that consisted of several acts and separate skits with singing, dancing, and elaborate staging. (Actors became well known starts) | 156 | |
| 6787806475 | Kangxi | one of the rulers of the Manchu dynasty, helped to create a prosperous, powerful, and culturally rich empire. A sophisticated Confucian scholar as well. His reign brought an empire that grew dramatically. | 157 | |
| 6787806476 | Kowtow | a special, often deep bow to the Chinese emperor. In the Qing dynasty, those who came to see the emperor had to do a special bow consisting of 3 separate kneeling | 158 | |
| 6787806477 | Land-based Powers | A shift in land based powers where governments controlled lands by building armies, bureaucracies, road, canals, and walls that unified and protected | 159 | |
| 6787806478 | Louis XIV | Understood the importance of a "theatre state", by building a magnificent palace at Versailles, and the apex of absolutism occurred under him | 160 | |
| 6787806479 | Macartney Mission | the dispatch of Lord Macartney with other people to China, showing Britain's great interest in the Qing empire | 161 | |
| 6787806480 | Magellan | had a ship that was first to circumnavigate the glove, even though Magellan himself died in the Philippines | 162 | |
| 6787806481 | Manila Galleons | ships that traveled across the Pacific Ocean picking up and trading goods, like Asian luxury goods, and silver | 163 | |
| 6787806482 | Manumission | legal grant of freedom to an individual slave | 164 | |
| 6787806483 | Maroons | runaway slaves in the Carribean | 165 | |
| 6787806484 | Martin Luther | a German monk who wrote the 95 theses in 1517, which were 95 propositions that criticized the Catholic Church | 166 | |
| 6787806485 | Matteo Ricci | A Jesuit missionary who helped to try and convert emperor Wudi. Though failed at primary goal, they did open the country to European influence, primarily through their gadgets and technology | 167 | |
| 6787806486 | Medici | was a powerful family of Florence in the mid to late 1400s that sponsored artists as a rich merchant family | 168 | |
| 6787806487 | Mercantilism | a system in which the government is constantly intervened in the market, with the understanding the goal of economic gain and to benefit the mother country | 169 | |
| 6787806488 | Mercantilism | the responsibility of government to promote the states economy to improve the revenues and limit imports to prevent profits from going to outsiders (allows industry to develop their own business) | 170 | |
| 6787806489 | Mestizos | composed of European and Amerindian children, part of the castas | 171 | |
| 6787806490 | Moctezuma | the Aztec emperor, who welcome the Spaniards at Tenochtitlan, seeing them as god-like. This was a mistake, as this allowed everyone to conquer him. | 172 | |
| 6787806491 | Montesquieu | admired the British Parliament that had successfully gained power at the expense of the king, who also advocated a three-branch government with three branches that shared political power | 173 | |
| 6787806492 | Mughal Empire | an empire that that was a mixture of Mongol and Turkish peoples from Central Asia, which dominated India until the early 1700s | 174 | |
| 6787806493 | Mulattoes | composed of European and African children, also part of the castas | 175 | |
| 6787806494 | Nicolo Machiavelli | a Renaissance writer who wrote, "The Prince" which was a famous philosophical view of the ideal political leader in the 16th century, in Italian city states | 176 | |
| 6787806495 | Patrons | supporters of the arts, with payment and such, they found talented artists, often when they were young | 177 | |
| 6787806496 | Peninsularies | a fading social class in the new world, composed of the people born in the old world | 178 | |
| 6787806497 | Peter the Great | The tsar of Russia from 1682 to 1724; most responsible for transforming Russia into a great world power. | 179 | |
| 6787806498 | Phillip II | ruled Spain at the height of its power in the 15th century | 180 | |
| 6787806499 | Pilgrims | settled first in New England, and wanted to break away completely from the Church of England, sought to pursue spiritual ends in new lands | 181 | |
| 6787806500 | Protestant Reformation | a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches | 182 | |
| 6787806501 | Protestant work ethic | a work ethic of the Protestants that encouraged individual endeavors towards gaining wealth | 183 | |
| 6787806502 | Purdah | a woman's seclusion from society in India, which was more enforced for upper class women, who did not leave home unescorted | 184 | |
| 6787806503 | Puritans | wanted to purify Church of England, not break with it | 185 | |
| 6787806504 | Putting out system | the concept of producing goods in the countryside outside the guilds control by delivering raw materials to their homes, where they are transformed into finished products to be used up later | 186 | |
| 6787806505 | Qianlong | a ruler of the Manchu dynasty who helped to create a prosperous, powerful, and culturally rich empire. He brought much prosperity that he cancelled taxes 4 times | 187 | |
| 6787806506 | Qing Dynasty | The name of the empire after the Ming; seized China from the emperors who could no longer defend their borders from the Manchu | 188 | |
| 6787806507 | Qizilbash | fought against Janissaries in a great religious conflict. (Chaldiran) | 189 | |
| 6787806508 | Queue | A Manchu style patch of hair gathered long and uncut in the back, showing submission to the Qing dynasty | 190 | |
| 6787806509 | Renaissance | A heightened intellectual and artistic advance from about 1450s, that changed Europe forever | 191 | |
| 6787806510 | Rosseau | the most radical of the common philosophers, he proclaimed in his social context that "Man is born free: and everywhere he is in chains". Since society had "Corrupted" human nature, he advocated a return to nature in a small, co-op community | 192 | |
| 6787806511 | Safavid Empire | an empire that grew from a Turkish nomadic group, were Shi'ite Muslims | 193 | |
| 6787806512 | Sati | the ritual suicide of widows by jumping into their husbands pyres, representing the low status of women | 194 | |
| 6787806513 | Scholasticism | Scholars based their inquiry on the principles established by the church, which sometimes resulted in clashes between science and religion | 195 | |
| 6787806514 | Scientific Revolution | a new vision of science developed during the renaissance in the 17th + 18th century | 196 | |
| 6787806515 | Sea-based Powers | Sea people built their power by controlling water routes, developing technology to cross the seas, and gaining wealth from trade and land claims. | 197 | |
| 6787806516 | Shah Abbas I | brought the Safavids to the peak of the power, slave infantrymen | 198 | |
| 6787806517 | Sikhism | started by Nanuk, who became the first Guru of Sikhism. Sikhism was a following of people who formed a community free of caste divisions | 199 | |
| 6787806650 | St. Petersburg | The "Window to the West" established by Peter the Great, which was a capital built on the shoes of the newly accessed Baltic Sea (a port for the new navy + allowed closer access to western countries) | 200 | |
| 6787806651 | Suleiman the Magnificent | ruled the Ottomans as the empire reached the height of its power. The Ottomans controlled much of the water traffic between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea | 201 | |
| 6787806652 | Taj Mahal | a building of beauty built as a tomb for Mumtaz Mahal's wife. | 202 | |
| 6787806653 | Thirty Years War | war within the Holy Roman Empire between German Protestants and their allies (Sweden, Denmark, France) and the emperor and his ally, Spain; ended in 1648 after great destruction with Treaty of Westphalia | 203 | |
| 6787806654 | Thomas Hobbes | English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679) | 204 | |
| 6787806655 | Tokugawa Shogunate | a centralized government established in 1603 in present day Tokyo. | 205 | |
| 6787806656 | Toyotomi Hideyoshi | a competent, Daimyo general who broke the power of warring daimyos and eventually unified Japan under his own authority. His ambitions stretched far, and he sparked the Unification of Japan | 206 | |
| 6787806657 | Treaty of Tordesillas | a treaty marking Spain and Portugal land claim boundary. Portugal pushes its explorations to India and beyond. | 207 | |
| 6787806658 | Treaty of Westphalia | Ended the 30 Years war, allowing principalities and cities to choose their own religion, creating a patchwork of religious affiliations through England. | 208 | |
| 6787806659 | Twelver shi'ism | a religion based on Muslim beliefs, as well as the 'hidden Imam' | 209 | |
| 6787806660 | Vasco da Gama | set out to find the tip of Africa and connect it to the Indian Ocean, and discovered the fastest and safest ways to travel to Portugal | 210 | |
| 6787806661 | Versailles | a place where Louis' palace was built symbolizing the French's triumph over the traditional rights of the nobility and clergy. This kept nobles away from plotting rebellions, and 'distracted Europe'. | 211 | |
| 6787806662 | Vizier | head of the imperial administration in the Ottoman Empire who took care of the day to day work of the empire, aiding the Sultan | 212 | |
| 6787806663 | Yongle | something of a renegade who supported a series of seven maritime expeditions. Chinese vessels started to take tribute from those they encountered. | 213 | |
| 6787806664 | Zheng He | led expeditions in Chinese junks across the Atlantic Ocean, with one goal being to assert Chinas power after the demise of the Yuan dynasty. | 214 | |
| 6787806665 | Bolivar's Jamaica Letter | An important example of revolutionary documents from the enlightenment era | 215 | |
| 6787806666 | P5 rebellions based on religious beliefs/millenarianism. | Taiping Rebellion, The Ghost Dance, and the Xhosa Cattle-Killing Movement | 216 | |
| 6787806667 | P5 Anticolonial movements in Asia | Indian Revolt and Boxer Rebellion | 217 | |
| 6787806668 | Consumer markets | The rapid development of industrial production encouraged industrialized states to seek these | 218 | |
| 6787806669 | Limited Liability corporations and stock markets | New "financial instruments" came into extensive use between 1750 and 1900? | 219 | |
| 6787806670 | Factory system | Concentrated labor into a single location and led to increased degree of specialization of labor | 220 | |
| 6787806671 | Immigration challenges | regulation of flow of migrants; ethnic and racial prejudice | 221 | |
| 6787806672 | Sought by unions | Better working conditions, limited hours, and increased wages | 222 | |
| 6787806673 | Industrial revolution developments | Railroads, steamships, telegraphs, and canals | 223 | |
| 6787806674 | New social classes in P5 | Middle and industrial working | 224 | |
| 6787806675 | Nationalism | new ideology that helped to foster new communal identities | 225 | |
| 6787806676 | Second industrial revolution | new methods of production in steel, chemicals, electricity, and precision machinery | 226 | |
| 6787806677 | How was imperialism often justified? | New racial ideologies; Ex. Social Darwinism | 227 | |
| 6787806678 | Economic imperialism | British and French in China with the Opium Wars and British and U.S. heavy investment in Latin America | 228 | |
| 6787806679 | Resisted economic change and attempt to maintain pre-industrial forms of economic production | Qing China and Ottoman Empire | 229 | |
| 6787806680 | The emergence of Meiji Japan | U.S. and European influence over Tokugawa Japan contributed to this | 230 | |
| 6787806681 | Social and political shifts inspired by Enlightenment thinking | Expansion of rights, abolition of slavery, end of serfdom | 231 | |
| 6787806682 | Major transport/communication developments of P5 | Railroads, steamships, telegraphs, and canals | 232 | |
| 6787806683 | Examples of export economies products | cotton, palm oil, sugar, wheat, meat, guano, metals, and minerals | 233 | |
| 6787806684 | Adam Smith and John Stuart Mill | provided the ideological inspiration for economic changes in P5 | 234 | |
| 6787806685 | Established new empires throughout Asia and the Pacific in P5? | British, Dutch, French, Germans, Russians, Americans, Japanese | 235 | |
| 6787806686 | Which states established settler colonies in P5? | Britain -South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand France- Algeria | 236 | |
| 6787806688 | Which states' existing colonies were strengthened between in P5? | British in India and the Dutch in Indonesia | 237 | |
| 6787806689 | Which states' influence declined between 1750 and 1900? | Spain and Portugal | 238 |
