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| 5752796102 | Civilization | The society, culture, and way of life of a particular area. First civilizations were Mesopatomaia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley. | 0 | |
| 5752796103 | Agrarian | Pertaining to land orbits cultivation. | 1 | |
| 5752796104 | Egalitarian | Of, rearing to, or believing in the principal that all people are equal. | 2 | |
| 5752796105 | Indigenous | Originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; natives. | 3 | |
| 5752796106 | Migration | Movement from one place to another. | 4 | |
| 5752796107 | Surplus Labor | Labor preformed in excess of the labor necessary to produce the means of livelihood of the worker. | 5 | |
| 5752796108 | City-State | A form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilizations. | 6 | |
| 5752796109 | Cuneiform | A form of writing developed by Sumerians. Created in 2500 B.C.E. to keep track of goods. | 7 | |
| 5752796110 | Hierarchy | A system of organization in which people or groups are ranked. | 8 | |
| 5752796111 | Hammurabi | 6th king and most important ruler of Babylon. Responsible for the codification of law - Hammurabi's Code. | 9 | |
| 5752796112 | Mandate of Heaven | "Heaven decree." Ancient Chinese belief/theory that heaven granted emperors the right to rule. | 10 | |
| 5752796113 | Great Wall | Chinese defensive fortification intended to keep out the nomadic invaders from the North | 11 | |
| 5752796114 | Leaglism | Excessive adherence to law or formula. | 12 | |
| 5752796115 | Confucius | A Chinese teacher,editor, politician, and philosopher of the spring and autumn period of Chinese history. Created Confucianism which is the system of ethics, education, and statesmanship. | 13 | |
| 5752796116 | Filial Piety | A virtue of respect for one's parents, elders, and ancestors. | 14 | |
| 5752796117 | Dao | The absolute principal underline the universe, combining within itself the principles of yin and yang and signifying the way, or code of behavior that is in harmony with the natural order. | 15 | |
| 5752796118 | Patriarchy | A system of society or government in which the father or eldest male is head of the family and descent is traced through the male line. | 16 | |
| 5752796119 | Scholar-Gentry | Chinese class created by the marital linkage of the local land-holding aristocracy with the office-holding shi. | 17 | |
| 5752796120 | Silk Road | Ancient network of trade routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of Asia, connecting the Chinese, Indian, Persian, and Mediterranean civilizations; traded goods and ideas among civilizations. | 18 | |
| 5752796121 | Vedic Age | (1500 B.C.E.-500 B.C.E.), period in Indian history during which the Vedas were composed. Indo-Aryans settles into northern India, bringing their specific religious traditions. | 19 | |
| 5752796122 | Bhagavad-Gita | Often referred to simply as the Gita, is a 700 verse Hindu scripture in Sanskrit that is part of the Hindu epic Mahabharata. | 20 | |
| 5752796123 | Karma | In Hinduism and Buddhism, the sum of a person's actions in this and precious states of existence; viewed as deciding their fate in future existences. | 21 | |
| 5752796124 | Caste | Each of the hereditary classes of Hindu society, distinguished by relative degrees of ritual purity or pollution and of social status. | 22 | |
| 5752796125 | Buddha | Born in 6th century, found enlightenment and taught that it could be achieved only by Avon dining desires for all earthly things. Creator of major Indian and Asian religion, Buddhism; cultivating sanity and brilliance; nirvana. | 23 | |
| 5752796126 | Nirvana | The Buddhist state of enlightenment; a state of perfect happiness. | 24 | |
| 5752796127 | Monsoon | Season winds crossing Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia; during summer bring rains. | 25 | |
| 5752796128 | Maurya-Gupta | Was the founder of the Maurya Empire and the first empire to unify North and Southwest of present day India into one state. | 26 | |
| 5752796129 | Ashoka | Grandson of Chandragupta Maurya; completed conquests of Indian subcontinent; converted to Buddhism and sponsored spread of new religion throughout his empire. | 27 | |
| 5752796130 | Rock & Pillar Edicts | The edicts of Ashoka are a collection of 33 inscriptions on the pillars of Ashoka as well as boulders and cave walls made by the emperor Ashoka of the Mauryan empire during his reign form 269 B.C.E.-232 B.C.E. | 28 | |
| 5752796131 | Polis | City-State form of government. | 29 | |
| 5752796132 | Hellene | An Ancient Greek; a native of modern Greece. | 30 | |
| 5752796133 | Hoplite | A heavily armed foot soldier of Ancient Greece. | 31 | |
| 5752796134 | Oligarchy | A small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution. | 32 | |
| 5752796135 | Alexander | Attempted to combine Greek and Persian cultures; successor of Phillip II; successfully conquered Persian empire. | 33 | |
| 5752796136 | Republic | A state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president instead of a monarch. | 34 | |
| 5752796137 | Senate | Assembly of Roman aristocrats; advised on policy within the republic; one of the early elements of the Roman constitution. | 35 | |
| 5752796138 | Consul | Two chief executives or magistrates if the Roman republic, elected by an annual assembly dominated by aristocracy. | 36 | |
| 5752796139 | Patron/Client Relationship | Distinctive relationship in ancient Roman society between the patron and their clients. This relationship was hierarchical, but obligations were mutual. | 37 | |
| 5752796140 | Julius Caesar | Roman general responsible for conquest of Gaul; brought army back to Rome and overthrew republic | 38 | |
| 5752796141 | Augustus | He was the adopted son of Julie Caesar. Title given to Octavian following his defeat of Mark; the first Roman emperor. | 39 | |
| 5752796142 | Empire | An extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formally especially an emperor or empress. | 40 | |
| 5752796143 | Third Century Crisis | Period in which the Roman Empire nearly collapsed under the combined pressures of invasion, civil wars, plague, economic depression. | 41 | |
| 5752796144 | Monotheism | The belief that there is only one god. Introduced by the Jews into western civilization. | 42 | |
| 5752796145 | Zoroastrianism | The ancient Pre-Islamic religion of Iran. Animist religion that saw material existence as battle between forces of good and evil, stressed the importance of moral choice. | 43 | |
| 5752796146 | Jerusalem | A holy city for Jews, Christians, and Muslims. | 44 | |
| 5752796147 | Abraham | The first of the great biblical patriarchs, father of Issac, and traditional founder of the ancient Hebrew nation. | 45 | |
| 5752796148 | Moses | The great leader, law giver, and prophet of the ancient Israelite(Hebrews) | 46 | |
| 5752796149 | Paul | And Christian preacher and teacher. Paul, originally named Saul, was at first an enemy and prosecutor of the early Christians. One of the first Christian missionaries; use of Greek as language of church. | 47 | |
| 5752796150 | Jesus | A prophet of the first century of our era. Prophet and teacher among the Jews; believed by Christians to be the Messiah. | 48 | |
| 5752796151 | Mohammed | Is considered by Muslims to be the last messenger and prophet sent by God to guide humanity to the right way. | 49 | |
| 5752796152 | Five-Pillars | The five bases of Islamic faith: 1.) Shahada (Confession of faith) 2.) Salat (Prayer) 3.) Zakat (Almsgiving) 4.) Sawm (Fasting during Ramadan) 5.) Hajj (Pilgrimage to Mecca) | 50 | |
| 5752796153 | Indian Ocean Maritime System | Trade network across the Indian Ocean and South China Sea. | 51 | |
| 5752796154 | Caravan | A group of people, especially traders or pilgrims, traveling together across the desert in Asia or North Africa. | 52 | |
| 5752796155 | Dhow | Arab sailing vessels with triangular or lateen sails. | 53 | |
| 5752796156 | Lateen Sails | Large triangular sails. | 54 | |
| 5752796157 | Vikings | Seagoing Scandinavian raiders from Sweden, Denmark, and Norway who disrupted coastal areas of Western Europe from the 8th to the 11th centuries. | 55 | |
| 5752796158 | Marco Polo | A Venetian merchant of the late 13th and early 14th centuries; one of the first Europeans to travel across Asia. Visited the court of Kublai Khan, the Mongol ruler of China, and became a government official in China. | 56 | |
| 5752796159 | Ibn Battuta | Arab traveler who describes African societies and cultures in his travel records. | 57 | |
| 5752796160 | Ibn Khaldun | A Muslim historian; developed concept that dynasties of nomadic conquerors had a cycle of three generations - strong, weak, dissolute. | 58 | |
| 5752796161 | Zheunghe | Chinese Muslim admiral who commanded series of Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea trade expeditions under third among emperor, Yun Glo, between 1405 and 1433. | 59 | |
| 5752796162 | Olmec | A member of the prehistoric people in inhabiting the court of Veracruz and western Tabasco on the Gulf of Mexico (c. 1200-400 B.C.), who establishes what was probably the first Meso-American civilization. | 60 | |
| 5752796163 | Mayan | Relating to the Maya people; Maya was a classic culture emerging in southern Mexico and center last American contemporary with Teotihuacan; extended over broad regions; feature monumental architecture, written language, cake sticks and mathematical systems, highly developed religion. | 61 | |
| 5752796164 | Aztec | A member of the American Indian people dominant in Mexico before the Spanish conquest of the 16th century. | 62 | |
| 5752796165 | Inca | A member of any of he dominant groups of the South-American Indian people who establishes an empire in Peru prior to Spanish conquest. | 63 | |
| 5752796166 | Anasazi | A member of an ancient American Indian people of the southwestern U.S., who flourished between c.200 B.C.E. and 1500 B.C. The earliest phase of their culture, typified by our dwellings, is known as the basket marker period. | 64 | |
| 5752796167 | Quipu | An ancient Inca device for recording information, consisting of variously colored threads knotted in different ways. | 65 | |
| 5752796168 | Abu Bakr | One of Muhammad's earliest converts; succeeded Muhammad as first caliph of Islamic community. | 66 | |
| 5752796169 | Caliphate | An area containing an Islamic steward known as a caliph. | 67 | |
| 5752796170 | Umayyad | A member of Muslim dynasty that ruled the Islamic world from 660 B.C. to 750. The dynasty claimed descent from Umayya, a distant relative of Muhammad. | 68 | |
| 5752796171 | Abbasid | Of or relating to a dynasty of Caliphs who ruled in Baghdad from 750 to 1258. | 69 | |
| 5752796172 | Sunni | Supported Umayyad; One of the two main branches of Islam describes as Orthodox, and differing from Shia in its understanding of the Sunna and in its acceptance of the first three caliphs. | 70 | |
| 5752796173 | Shi'ite | Followers of Ali; a member of the branch of Islam that regard Ali and his descendants as the legitimate successor of Muhammad and rejects the first three caliphs. | 71 | |
| 5752796174 | Constantinople | The largest city and former capital of Turkey; rebuilt on the site of ancient Byzantium by Constantine I in the 4th century. | 72 | |
| 5752796175 | Justinian | Byzantine emperor who held the Eastern frontier of his empire against the Persian and reconquered former Roman territories in Africa, Italy, and Spain. Known for codification of Roman law: Justinian's code. | 73 | |
| 5752796176 | Theodora | Was empress of Byzantine empire and the wife of emperor Justinian I. She was he most influential and powerful of the Byzantine empresses. | 74 | |
| 5752796177 | Orthodox | Of a person or their views, especially religious or political ones, or other beliefs or practices; conforming to what is generally or traditionally accepted as right or true; established and approved. | 75 | |
| 5752796178 | Papacy | The office of the Pope | 76 | |
| 5752796179 | Christendom | The worldwide body or society of Christians | 77 | |
| 5752796180 | Tributary System | The network of trade and foreign relations between China and it's tributaries that helped to shape much of East Asian affairs. | 78 | |
| 5752796181 | Gunpowder | An explosive | 79 | |
| 5752796182 | Moveable Type | They system and technology of printing and typography that uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a document. Allowed for mass printing. | 80 | |
| 5752796183 | Flying Money | Was a paper currency of the Tang Dynasty in China and can be considers the first banknote. | 81 | |
| 5752796184 | Champs Rice | A quick-maturing, drought resistant rice that can allow two harvests, of sixty days each in one growing season. | 82 | |
| 5752796185 | Bushido | The code of honor and morals developed by the Japanese samurai. | 83 | |
| 5752796186 | Samurai | A member of a powerful military caste in feudal Japan , especially a member of the class of military retainers of the daimyos. | 84 | |
| 5752796187 | Shogun | A hereditary commander-in-chief in feudal Japan. Generally the real ruler of the country until feudalism was abolished in 1867. | 85 | |
| 5752796188 | Daimyo | One of he great lords who were vassals of the shogun. | 86 | |
| 5752796189 | Emperor | A sovereign ruler of great power and rank. | 87 | |
| 5752796190 | Genghis Khan | Founder of the Mongol empire. United the nomadic Mongol tribes and expanded his empire from China to the Black Sea. | 88 | |
| 5752796191 | Golden Horde | The army of Mongol Tartars that overran Eastern Europe in the 13th century, established a khante in Russia, and maintained suzerainty (a feudal overlord) there until the 15th century | 89 | |
| 5752796192 | Kiev | Capital of Ukraine | 90 | |
| 5752796193 | Khanate | Political entity ruled by a Khan | 91 | |
| 5752796194 | Fief | An estate of land, especially one held on condition of feudal service; a grant of land in return for a pledge to provide military service. | 92 | |
| 5752796195 | Manor | A large self-sufficient landholding consisting of the lord's residence, outbuilding, peasant villages and surrounding lands. | 93 | |
| 5752796196 | Lord-Vassal Relationship | This act of generosity, for its own benefit, required oath of loyalty in return. Lord gives vassal an income-yielding fief. Vassal does homage to the land. | 94 | |
| 5752796197 | Serf | Agricultural workers that belonged to the manor and obligated to work for manor's lord. | 95 | |
| 5752796198 | Black Death | Was an epidemic outbreak of bubonic plague in Europe around 1348 that killed between 1/3-2/3 of the population in less than five years. The epidemic spanned from China to England to North Africa, transmitted along the Silk Road and other trade route. | 96 | |
| 5752796199 | Schism | The formal separation of a church into two churches or the succession of a group owing to doctrinal and other differences. The Great Schism was the formal break of communion between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church. Call for reform in the church. | 97 | |
| 5752796200 | Crusade | A medieval military expedition, one of a series made by Europeans to recover the Holy Land from the muslims in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries. | 98 | |
| 5752796201 | Holy Roman Emperor | The title of "emperor" was passed from the Romans to the Frankish kingdom when Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne, king of the Franks, emperor of the Holy Roman Emperor. | 99 | |
| 5752796338 | Sundiata | Was a puissant prince and founder of the Mali empire. | 100 | |
| 5752796339 | Timbuktu | A town in central Mali, West Africa, near the Niger River. | 101 | |
| 5752796340 | Ghana | A country in West Africa. | 102 | |
| 5752796341 | Songhay | A member of a people living mainly in Niger and Mali. | 103 | |
| 5752796342 | Sharia | Religious law governing the members of Islamic faith. It is derived from the religious precepts of Islam, particularly the Quran and the Hadith. | 104 | |
| 5752796343 | Mali | A country in West Africa. The site of several powerful states, including the Mali and the Songhai. | 105 | |
| 5752796344 | Mansa Musa | Was a Muslim Emperor of the Mali empire during the 14th century. Went on a pilgrimage to Mecca. Brought a lot of gold with him which lowed the value and caused inflation. | 106 | |
| 5752796345 | Swahili Coast | Refers to a coastal area in southeast Africa inhabited by the Swahili people. | 107 | |
| 5752796346 | Great Zimbabwe | Ruined city in the south-eastern hills of Zimbabwe | 108 | |
| 5752796347 | Kongo | A member of an indigenous people inhabiting the region of the Congo river in West central Africa. | 109 | |
| 5752796348 | Zheng He | Fleet admiral during China's early Ming Dynasty. Was put in charge of assembling great diplomatic fleets hose goal was to promote China the Ming dynasty around the world. | 110 | |
| 5752796349 | Henry the Navigator | Important figure in 15th century Portuguese politics and in the early days of the Portuguese empire. He is most famous for the voyages of discovery to the Atlantic coast of Africa that he organized. | 111 | |
| 5752796350 | DeGama | Portuguese explorer. Led the first European expedition around the Cape of Good Hope in 1497. | 112 | |
| 5752796351 | Columbus | Italian navigator and explorer in the service of Spain, who discover the New World. Determined to find a direct water route West form Europe to Asia, but accidentally found the Americas. | 113 | |
| 5752796352 | Navigation | The passage of ships. He navigation Acts passed in English parliament in 1651,1660, and 1663 were designed to regulate colonial trade and enabled England to collect taxes in the American colonies. | 114 | |
| 5752796353 | Spice Islands | A group of islands in eastern Indonesia; settled by the Portuguese but taken by Dutch who made them center for a spice monopoly. | 115 | |
| 5752796354 | Colombian Exchange | Period of cultural and biological exchanges between the New and Old Worlds. Exchanges of plants, animals, diseases and technology transformed European and Native American ways of life. | 116 | |
| 5752796355 | Potosi | A city in South Bolivia; formerly a rich silver-mining center. | 117 | |
| 5752796356 | Encomienda | A grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area. | 118 | |
| 5779319248 | Mercantilism | Economic theory that trade generates wealth. | 119 | |
| 5779319249 | Capitalism | Economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners. | 120 | |
| 5779319250 | Plantation | Large piece of land where one crop is specifically planted. | 121 | |
| 5779319251 | Indentured Servitude | A person under contract to work for another person for a definite period of time, usually without pay but in exchange for a free passage to a new country. During the 17th century most of the white laborers in Maryland and Virginia came from England as indentured servants. | 122 | |
| 5779319252 | Casta Paintings | Series of paintings that represent different racial mixtures that derives from the offspring of unions between mestizo, mullato, and zambo. | 123 | |
| 5779319253 | Moghul | A member of the Muslim dynasty that ruled India until 1857. | 124 | |
| 5779319254 | Macao | Administrative zone of china; its capital, a seaport coextensive with the peninsula. | 125 | |
| 5779319255 | Dutch East India Company | Originally established as a chartered company in 1602, when the Dutch government granted it a 21-year monopoly on Dutch spice trade. | 126 | |
| 5779319256 | Tokugawa | Last feudal Japanese military government, which existed between 1603 and 1867. | 127 | |
| 5779319257 | Black Ship | Name given to western vessels arriving in Japan in the 16th and 19th centuries. In 1543 Portuguese initiated the first contacts, establishing a trade tour linking Goa to Nagasaki. | 128 | |
| 5779319258 | Printing Press | Invented in the Holy Roman Moore by the German Johannes Gutenberg around 1440. | 129 | |
| 5779319259 | Humanism | A Renaissance cultural movement that turned away from medieval scholasticism. Humans have the right and responsibility to give meaning and shape to their own lives. | 130 | |
| 5779319260 | Middle Class | Social group between the upper and working classes. | 131 | |
| 5779319261 | Protestant | Form of Christian faith and practice which originated with the Protestant Reformation, a movement against what it's followed considered to be errors in the Roman Catholic Church. | 132 | |
| 5779319262 | Jesuit | A member of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic order of priests to do missionary work. | 133 | |
| 5779319263 | Council of Trent | One of the Catholic Church's most important ecumenical councils. | 134 | |
| 5779319264 | Religious War | Ear caused by religion. Europe 1524-1648. Conflicts ended with the peace of Westphalia recognizing 3 Christian traditions: Catholicism, Lutherism, Calvinism. | 135 |
