SAFMEDs (VTCTA)
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| 13826609785 | Agricultural Revolution | -The transition from foraging to farming -Occurred about 8000-2000 B.C.E. -Also termed the Neolithic Revolution | 0 | |
| 13826609786 | Artifact | An object made by human hands. | 1 | |
| 13826609787 | Foraging | Hunting and gathering. | 2 | |
| 13826609788 | Neolithic Age | -New Stone Age -c. 8000-2200 B.C.E. -Named for its characteristic stone tools -Era of the Agricultural Revolution | 3 | |
| 13826609789 | Agriculture in the Yangtze Valley | Cultivated rice about 6500 B.C.E. | 4 | |
| 13826609790 | Agriculture in the Huang He Valley | -Cultivation of soybeans and millet c. 5500 B.C.E. -Domesticated chickens, pigs and cater, and water buffalo | 5 | |
| 13826609791 | Agriculture in Southeast Asia | -about 3500 B.C.E. inhabitants grew root crops such as yams and taro -A variety of citrus and other fruits | 6 | |
| 13826609792 | Agriculture in Central Mexico | -Around 4000 B.C.E. the people of Central Mexico cultivated maize or corn. -Later added beans, squash, tomatoes, and peppers | 7 | |
| 13826609793 | Andean Agriculture | -Potatoes first cultivated c. 3000 B.C.E. -Maize and beans were added later -Domesticated llamas, alpacas, and guinea pigs | 8 | |
| 13826609794 | Slash and Burn Cultivation | -An agricultural method in which farmers clear fields by cutting and burning trees -The ashes are used as fertilizer | 9 | |
| 13826609795 | Specialization of Labor | -Division of labor that aids the development of skills in a certain type of work. | 10 | |
| 13826609796 | Early Agricultural Societies | -Jericho established c. 8000 B.C.E. in present-day Israel -Catal Hujuk established c. 7000 B.C.E. in present-day Turkey | 11 | |
| 13826609797 | Agriculture in Early Africa | By 7000 B.C.E., Sudanese Africa and West Africa cultivated root crops such as surghum and yaw. | 12 | |
| 13826609798 | Bronze Age | Period of human culture between the Stone Age and the Iron Age, characterized by the use of weapons and implements made of bronze. | 13 | |
| 13826609799 | Cuneiform | A system of writing originating in Mesopotamia. | 14 | |
| 13826609800 | Hieroglyphics | A system of picture writing used in Egypt. | 15 | |
| 13826609801 | River Valley Civilization | Community cooperation necessary to manage irrigation and flood control system. | 16 | |
| 13826609802 | Mandate of Heaven | Concept developed by the Zhov dynasty that the diety granted a dynasty the right to rule and took away that right if the dynasty didn't rule wisely. | 17 | |
| 13826609803 | Matrilineal | Referring to a social system in which descent and inheritance are traced through the mother. | 18 | |
| 13826609804 | Polytheism | The belief in many gods. | 19 | |
| 13826609805 | Quetzacoatl | God of early Mesoamerican societies. Mesoamericans believed he would return to rule his people in peace. | 20 | |
| 13826609806 | Ziggurat | A multitiered pyramid constructed by Mesopotamia. | 21 | |
| 13826609807 | Mesopotamia | -The world's earliest civilization (c. 4000 B.C.E.) -Arose in the valley of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers -Independent innovation | 22 | |
| 13826609808 | Sumerians | -Most influential people in the Tigris-Euphrates region. -About 3500 B.C.E., they developed the first known case of human writing and number system based on 60. | 23 | |
| 13826609809 | Epic of Gilgamesh | -Originated in Sumner; first epic in World History -Includes the story of a great flood | 24 | |
| 13826609810 | Code of Hammurabi | -A collection of 282 laws. -Written laws that regulated daily life -King Hammurabi of Babylonia -"Eye for an eye" punishment | 25 | |
| 13826609811 | Nile River Valley | -Second oldest civilization -c. 3000 B.C.E. -Predictable flooding -Villages among the Nile -Protected by surrounding deserts | 26 | |
| 13826609812 | Sati | The custom among the higher castes of Hinduism of a widow throwing herself on the burning funeral pyre of her husband. | 27 | |
| 13826609813 | Silk Roads | Caravan routes and sea lanes between China and the Middle East. | 28 | |
| 13826609814 | Stoicism | -The most popular Hellenistic philosophy -Strict discipline -An emphasis on helping others | 29 | |
| 13826609815 | Twelve Tables | The codification of Roman law during the Republic. | 30 | |
| 13826609816 | Untouchables | -The social division in Hinduism that ranked below the caste system. -Occupied by those who carried out undesirable occupations. | 31 | |
| 13826609817 | Varna | A caste in the Hindu caste system. | 32 | |
| 13826609818 | Vedas | -Oral hymns to the Aryan deities, later written down. -Formed the basis of Hindu beliefs during the Vedic Age (1500-500 B.C.E.) | 33 | |
| 13826609819 | Zoroastrianism | -An ancient Persian religion -Emphasized a struggle between good and evil and rewards in the afterlife for those who followed a good life. | 34 | |
| 13826609820 | Huang He Valley | -The river valley of Huang He River -Cradle of ancient Chinese civilization | 35 | |
| 13826609821 | Harappan Civilization | -First civilization of the Indian subcontinent -Emerged in Indus River Valley (c. 2500 B.C.E.) | 36 | |
| 13826609822 | Aristotle | Pupil of Plato who tutored Alexander the Great; argued for small units of government like the city-state. | 37 | |
| 13826609823 | Maya Civilization | -1500 B.C. to 900 A.D. -Most advanced civilization of the time in the Western Hemisphere -Famous for its awe-inspiring temples pyramids and cities -A complex social and political order. | 38 | |
| 13826609824 | Shang Dynasty | -The dominant people in the earliest Chinese dynasty for which we have written records (c. 1750-1027 B.C.E.) -Ancestor worship divination by means of oracle bones, and the use of bronze vessels for ritual purposes were major elements of this culture. -Farming society | 39 | |
| 13826609825 | Aristocracy | -A government in which power is on the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility. | 40 | |
| 13826609826 | Zhou Dynasty | -1029-258 BCE -Claimed the mandate of heaven -Further centralized the Chinese government -Standardized the spoken language | 41 | |
| 13826609827 | Qin Dynasty | -221-202 BCE -Gave China its name -Began the Great Wall -Standardized the written language -Encouraged the manufacture of silk | 42 | |
| 13826609828 | Han Dynasty | -200 BCE-220 CE -Beginning of the Chinese civil service exam -Silk Road trade -Paper manufacture -A time of peace -Strong patriarchy | 43 | |
| 13826609829 | Alexander the Great | -Unified Greek and Persian culture -Reached the Indian subcontinent (327 BCE) as far as the Indus River, where he set up a border state called Bactria. | 44 | |
| 13826609830 | Mauryan Dynasty | -322-232 BCE -The first rulers to unify most of the Indian subcontinent -Encouraged trade -Spread Buddhism | 45 | |
| 13826609831 | Gupta Empire | -320-550 CE -Development of the decimal system -Smallpox inoculation -Sterilization during surgery -Deterioration in the status of women | 46 | |
| 13826609832 | Persian Empire | -550-330 BCE -Tolerance toward the customs of conquered peoples -Zoroastrianism -Royal Road -Trade and cultural exchange with Greece | 47 | |
| 13826609833 | Phoenicians | -Developed an alphabet of 22 letters representing consonants -The Greeks adopted the alphabet, adding letters for vowel sounds | 48 |
