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AP World History Vocabulary Flashcards

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14008804973PaleolithicOld Stone Age, a long period of human development before the development of agriculture.0
14008804974Pastoral Societysocial system in which the breeding and herding of domestic animals is a major form of production for good and other purposes1
14008804975Neolithiclate phase of Stone Age, advanced stone tools used2
14008804976Bantu Migrationsseries of migrations of the Bantu people from the Congo area to present day Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania,3
14008804977Mesopotamiaregion in West Asia situated within the Tigris-Euphrates river system4
14008804978Hammurabi's CodeSophisticated law code associated with the Babylonian king Hammurabi5
14008804979Iron Metallurgytechnique or science of working or heating metals into tools6
14008804980PatriarchyA system of society or government in which the father or eldest male is head of the family and descent is traced through the male line7
14008804981PhoeniciansAncient Semitic people living in the Eastern Mediterranean, responsible for creating an alphabet that has influenced many modern day alphabets8
14008804982Indus River Valley CivilizationCivilization along one of the longest rivers in South Asia9
14008804983Caste SystemA Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life10
14008804984Yellow River ValleyCradle of Chinese civilization, along one of the longest rivers in East Asia11
14008804985Mandate of HeavenChinese belief that the emperors ruled through the mandate, or approval, of heaven contingent on their ability to look after the welfare of the population12
14008804986Warring States Periodthe period from 475 BC until the unification of China under the Qin dynasty, characterized by lack of centralized government in China. It followed the Zhou dynasty.13
14008804987OlmecsOne of the earliest known major civilization in Mexico14
14008804988Persian WarsSeries on wars between Greece and Persia15
14008804989ZoroastrianismMonotheistic religion; influenced future religions like Judaism, Islam, and Christianity16
14008804990ConfucianismA system of thought based on the teachings that turned into the ruling ideology of the Chinese state, involves ancestor reverence and a profound human-centered religiousness17
14008804991DaoismPhilosophy that teaches that everything should be left to the natural order; rejects many of the Confucian ideas but coexisted with Confucianism in China18
14008804992LegalismA Chinese philosophy that argued that people were by nature evil and would follow the correct path if coerced by laws19
14008804993Jainisman Indian religion that stresses extreme simplicity and non violence towards all living creatures20
14008804994BuddhismReligion, based on Four Noble Truths, associated with Siddhartha Gautama; its adherents desired to eliminate all distracting passion and reach nirvana.21
14008804995HinduismMain religion in India,emphasizes reincarnation and the desire to end the cycle and death and reincarnation22
14008804996Polisancient Greek city state23
14008804997SpartaGreek city state, known for its emphasis on military service and strength24
14008804998AthensGreek city state, birthplace of democracy25
14008804999Hellenisticrelating to Greek history, language, and culture from the death of Alexander the Great to the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony26
14008805000SocratesGreek philosopher, father of western philosophy27
14008805001AristotleGreek philosopher and scientists, student of socrates28
14008805002Julius CaesarRoman military general and politician, assassinated by a group of nobles29
14008805003ChristianityReligion based on the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth30
14008805004Silk RoadNetwork of trading routes connecting East and West31
14008805005Justinian CodeLaws developed under Justinian, the Byzantine Emperor32
14008805006Lateen Saila triangular sail, made sailing in the wind easier33
14008805007Dhowship of small to moderate size used in W Indian Ocean; triangular sail and sewn timber hull34
14008805008Magnetic CompassNavigational Tool, indicates direction of travel35
14008805009IslamMonotheistic religion announced by the prophet Muhammad; influenced by Judaism and Christianity36
14008805010Indian Ocean Trade NetworkTrade network throughout the Indian Ocean, connected places like India, China, East Africa and the Middle East37
14008805011Neo-ConfucianismPhilosophy that attempted to merge certain basic elements of Confucian and Buddhist thought38
14008805012FeudalismA political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to a king in return for loyalty and military service39
14008805013Holy Roman EmpireMulti ethnic group of territories in central Europe during the Middle Ages, first emperor was Charlemagne40
14008805014FeudalismA political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to a king in return for loyalty and military service41
14008805015MongolsCentral Asian group, created a largest land based empire through brutal conquest and military warfare.42
14008805016Ibn BattutaMoroccan traveler, made the pilgrimage to Mecca and helped spread Islam throughout Africa43
14008805017Marco PoloItalian merchant whose accounts of his travels to China and other lands became legendary44
14008805018Crusades(1095-1204) Armed pilgrimages to the Holy Land by Christians determined to recover Jerusalem from Muslim rule. The Crusades brought an end to western Europe's centuries of intellectual and cultural isolation.45
14008805019ToltecsCentral American society, predates the Aztecs46
14008805020AztecsCentral American empire constructed by the Mexica and expanded greatly during the 15th century47
14008805021MercantilismEconomic policy common to many absolute monarchies. Government control of foreign trade is of paramount importance for ensuring the military security of the country. In particular, it demands a positive balance of trade and desires new sources of gold and silver bullion, thus fueling more colonialism.48
14008805022Trading Post EmpireFirst used by the Portuguese to control trade routes by forcing merchants to pay taxes in trading ports49
14008805023Joint Stock CompanyA business, often backed by a government charter, that sold shares to individuals to raise money for its trading enterprises and to spread the risks (and profits) among many investors.50
14008805024DiffusionThe spread of ideas, objects, or traits from one culture to another51
14008805025Zheng HeChinese explorer who traveled throughout the Indian Ocean52
14008805026RenaissanceA period in European history where ancient Greek and Roman art and culture was revived53
14008805027Bubonic PlagueDeadly disease that spread through Europe, believed to be brought to Europe by traders from Asia54
14008805028Trans-Saharan Tradetrade route that traveled across the Sahara desert55
14008805029JunksChinese sailing ship56
14008805030SikhismIndian syncretic religion that combines elements of Hinduism and Buddhism57
14008805031CaravelsEuropean fast sailing ship58
14008805032Columbian ExchangeAn exchange of goods, ideas and skills from the Old World (Europe, Asia and Africa) to the New World (North and South America) and vice versa.59
14008805033Encomienda SystemA labor system set up by the Spanish government where Spanish colonists could work the native Americans on their land while compensating them and agreeing to educate some of them and teach them about Christianity60
14008805034Haciendasa large estate or plantation with a dwelling house found in Spanish America61
14008805035Indentured LaborLabor source for plantations; wealthy planters would pay the laboring poor to sell a portion of their working lives in exchange for passage62
14008805036Martin LutherAuthor of the 95 thesis, began the protestant reformation by protesting against the Catholic church63
14008805037Protestant Reformation16th century, European movement where religious figures broke away from the Catholic church64
14008805038Printing PressMachine used to mass produce text, responsible for increasing literacy rates and spreading information at a faster rate65
14008805039Scientific RevolutionStarted in the 1500's, that brought about major advancements in math, physics, astronomy, and biology66
14008805040Industrial Revolutionthe process of change from an agrarian society to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing67
14008805041Factory SystemMethod of manufacturing using machines and division of labor68
14008805042The EnlightenmentIntellectual and philosophical movement in Europe that emphasized natural rights, reason, and changes in government to meet the needs of the people69
14008805043Haitian Revolutionsuccessful anti-slavery and anti-colonial revolt led by self-liberated slaves against French colonial rule70
14008805044Simon BolivarLeader of the revolutions that took place in Latin America71
14008805045NationalismExtreme pride in ones country or advocacy of political independence72
14008805046LiberalismPolitical view that emphasizes liberty and equality, civil rights73
14008805047ConservatismPolitical view that holds that society changes slowly overtime against rapid change74
14008805048SocialismPolitical theory that advocates that the community should own he means of production75
14008805049CommunismPhilosophy that states means of production should be owned by the working class. Violent revolution is needed to destroy the bourgeois and create a new order led by the Proletariat76
14008805050Social DarwinismAttempt to apply Darwin's "survival of the fittest" to social and political realm. Used to justify the war and the conquering of "weaker" nations77
14008805051Scramble for AfricaPeriod between 1875 and 1900 where European powers sought to colonize as much of Africa as possible78
14008805052Indian Revolt, 1857unsuccessful rebellion of North and Central India by a large portion of the Bengal Army and civil population against British rule79
14008805053"White Man's Burden"A poem by Rudyard Kipling that states it is the white mans job or duty to civilize the colonies in Africa and Asia80
14008805054National AssemblyOrganization formed by the Third Estate during the French Revolution with the goal of creating a constitution81
14008805055French RevolutionPeriod of social and political change to took place in France from 1789 to about 1799, resulted in the overthrow of the monarchy82
14008805056Indian National CongressIndian political party founded in 1885, worked to gain independence from Great Britain83
14008805057King LeopoldKing of Belgium, known for colonizing the Congo and allowing brutal exploration84
14008805058Opium WarSeries of wars between 1839 and 1860 between Great Britain and China over the sale of Opium in China. Resulted in China being forced to sign a number of unequal treaties85
14008805059Berlin ConferenceMeeting organized by German chancellor Otto von Bismarck in 1884-1885 that provided the justification for European colonization of Africa86
14008805060Taiping RebellionLarge rebellion that took place in 1850 in China over the increasing poverty and discontent among the Chinese peasantry87
14008805061Self-strengthening MovementChinese attempt to blend Chinese cultural traditions with European industrial technology88
14008805062Sphere of InfluenceAn area in which another country has economic power, an example is the European control of Chinese ports89
14008805063Boxer RebellionViolent anti-foreign, anti-colonial uprising that took place in China between 1899 and 190190
14008805064Seneca Falls ConventionFirst women's rights convention, took place in New York in 184891
14008805065Meiji Restorationrestoration of imperial rule in 1868 in Japan, focused on western reforms to strengthen Japan92
14008805066Mexican RevolutionArmed struggle from 1910 to 1920 in Mexico that resulted in the end of a dictator ship and the establishment of a constitutional republic.93
14008805067Paris Peace ConferenceMeeting of various nations after WWI to decide how to set peace terms for the Central Powers94
14008805068Armenian GenocideCampaign of extermination undertaken by the Ottomans against two million Armenians living in Ottoman territory during World War I.95
14008805069Treaty of Versailles1919 treaty between Entente Powers and Germany after WWI, blamed the war on Germany and applied harsh reparations96
14008805070League of NationsForerunner of the United Nations, the dream of American president Woodrow Wilson, although its potential was severely limited by the refusal of the United States to join.97
14008805071Great Depressionsevere worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States98
14008805072Russian RevolutionTime period in Russia between 1917 and 1918 which saw the abdication of Czar Nicholas and the establishment of the Communist party led by Lenin99
14008805073Mandate SystemSystem that developed in the wake of World War I when the former colonies ended up mandates under European control100
14008805074New DealSeries of programs put into place by FDR in the U.S. to establish public works projects, financial reforms and government regulation after the Great Depression101
14008805075FascismPolitical ideology used in Italy under Mussolini, a form of totalitarian government102
14008805076Benito MussoliniLeader of the fascist party in Italy and and Prime Minister of Italy during WWII103
14008805077Adolf HitlerLeader of the Nazi party in Germany and Fuehrer during WWII104
14008805078Stalin's Five Year PlanEconomic goals implemented between 1928 and 1932 in Russia with the goal of industrial and economic advancement105
14008805079Mao ZedongChinese communist revolutionary leader and leader of China106
14008805080Mohandas GandhiLeader of the non-violence movement in India which sought to gain independence for India from British rule107
14008805081Nazi-Soviet PactNeutrality pact between Stalin and Hitler108
14008805082Mukden IncidentStaged event in which Japanese military members destroyed their own railroad track in Manchuria in order to provide justification for an invasion of China109
14008805083Rape of NanjingJapanese conquest and destruction of the Chinese city of Nanjing in the 1930's110
14008805084HolocaustGenocide during WWII that targeting Jews in Germany111
14008805085United NationsSuccessor to the League of Nations, an organization of nations with the goal of finding solution to global issues112
14008805086Cold WarConflict or rivalry between U.S. and Soviet Union that included their allies113
14008805087Iron CurtainName given to the boundary dividing Europe into Soviet/communist block and Western capitalist nations114
14008805088Truman Doctrine1947 U.S. Policy that states the country would intervene in foreign nations to stop the spread of communism115
14008805089Marshall PlanU.S. Plan that offered financial aid to all European states that suffered from WWII116
14008805090NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization, established by the U.S. in 1949, military alliance against Soviet expansion117
14008805091Warsaw Pactmilitary alliance formed by Soviet bloc nations in 1955 in response to rearmament of West Germany and its inclusion in NATO118
14008805092Green RevolutionMovement to increase agricultural production in countries like India119
14008805093U.S. Civil Rights Act of 1965Laws passed by President Johnson in order to overcome barriers that prevented African Americans from voting120
14008805094ApartheidSouth African system of "separateness" that was implemented in 1948 and that maintained the black majority in a position of political, social, and economic subordination.121
14008805095Decolonizationprocess by which former colonies achieved their independence from European powers122
14008805096Zionismnational movement of the Jewish people that supports the re-establishment of a Jewish homeland in the territory defined as the historic Land of Israel123
14008805097Geneva ConferenceMeetings between nations to solve major problems between France and the Vietnamese nationalists. Resulted in the Geneva Accords124
14008805098Pan-AfricanismMovement that seeks to unite the indigenous people of Africa and create solidarity in Africa125
14008805099Pan-Arabismidea of the unification of the Muslim countries of North Africa and West Asia, Arab nationalism126
14008805100Iranian RevolutionEvents leading to the overthrow of Iranian leader Pahlavi127
14008805101Globalizationthe breaking down of traditional boundaries in the face of increasingly global financial and cultural trends128
14008805102Climate Changea change in global or regional climate patterns129
14008805103Rwandan GenocideMass slaughter of Tutsi's in Rwanda. Led by the Hutu people130
14008805104Satellite NationsCold War, nations that were under the influence of the Soviet Union and Communism131
14008805105AbsolutismPolitical philosophy that stressed the divine right theory of kingship: the French king Louis XIV was the classic example.132
14008805106capitalismAn economic system with origins in early modern Europe in which private parties make their goods and services available on a free market.133
14008805107Agricultural Revolutionchangeover from food gathering to food production that occurred between ca. 8000 and 2000 B.C.E.134
14008805108SyncretismCombination of different religions, cultures, or schools of thought, the merging of different inflectional varieties of a word during the development of a language135
14008805109Fertile CrescentThe Tigris and Euphrates Rivers gave life to the first known agricultural villages in this area about 10,000 years ago and the first known cities about 5,000 years ago. Includes Mesopotamia, Palestine, and the Nile.136
14008805110MitaWhen colonists were allowed to use Indians for forced labor in colonial South America as a form of taxation. The Inca had previously used a similar practice.137
14008805111Mansa MusaRuler of Mali who made a pilgrimage from Egypt to Mecca138
14008805112Filial PietyIn Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors139
14008805113Irrigation systema means of supplying land with water140
14008805114SecularNon-religious141
14008805115Specialization of LaborTo train or specialize people in certain areas of work so that people can accomplish tasks quicker142
14008805116AnimismBelief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life.143
14008805117codificationa set of rules or principles or laws (especially written ones)144
14008805118MonasticismLiving in a religious community apart from secular society and adhering to a rule stipulating chastity, obedience, and poverty.145
14008805119CaliphateOffice established in succession to the Prophet Muhammad, to rule the Islamic empire; also the name of that empire.146
14008805120Tribute systemA system in which defeated peoples were forced to pay a tax in the form of goods and labor. This forced transfer of food, cloth, and other goods subsidized the development of large cities147
14008805121appeasementBritish and French policy in the 1930's that tried to maintain peace in Europe in the face of German aggression by making concessions148
14008805122BrahmanHindu caste of priests149
14008805123CaliphIslamic leader after the death of Muhammad150
14008805124Catholic Reformation16th century Catholic attempts to cure internal ills and confront Protestantism.151
14008805125Chinampasgardens used by Aztecs in which fertile ground from lake bottoms was dredged and built up into small plots for farming152
14008805126Civil Service Examtests given at the district, provincial, and metropolitan levels that determined entry into the Chinese civil service during the Ming and Qing dynasties153
14008805127ConquistadorsSpanish adventurers such as Cortez and Pizarro who conquered Central and South America in the 16th Century154
14008805128ContainmentGoal of the Truman Doctrine, stop or contain the spread of Communism155
14008805129CreolesPeople born in the Americas of Spanish or Portuguese ancestry156
14008805130Daimyopowerful territorial lords in early modern Japan157
14008805131DetenteA reduction in cold war tension between the U.S. and Soviet Union from 1969-1975158
14008805132Direct Rulea system of government used by Europeans towards their colonies. Officials were sent from the European nation to rule over the colony159
14008805133Indirect Rulea system of government used by Europeans towards their colonies. It allowed local leaders to remain in place under British rule160
14008805134Foot bindingChinese custom of applying tight binding to the feet of young girls to modify the shape of their feet. It was practiced in China from the Song dynasty until the early 20th century, bound feet were considered a status symbol as well as a mark of beauty161
14008805135GlasnostRussian term meaning openness, introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev in 1985 to describe the process of opening of Soviet society162
14008805136Good Neighbor PolicyU.S. foreign policy under FDR, emphasized cooperation and trade rather than military force in Latin America163
14008805137Great Leap ForwardEconomic and social program in China under Mao. Attempt to address the problems with China's industrial and agricultural sectors.164
14008805138IndulgenceA forgiveness of sins, sold by the Catholic church, one of the causes of Martin Luthers unhappiness with the church165
14008805139Laissez FaireBelief that the government should not be involved in a free market166
14008805140PlatoGreek philosopher, student of Socrates, author of the allegory of the cave167

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