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| 4153877020 | egalitarian | of relating to or believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities | 0 | |
| 4153877021 | Olmec Civilization | Along the coast of Gulf of Mexico. An agricultural economy with competing chiefdoms. Thought to have the first written language in the Americas. | 1 | |
| 4153877022 | Mohenjo Daro/ Harappa | 2200- 1700 BCE Now known as Pakistan. It has no known hierarchy, but a strong economic foundation, and a written language. Had a major impact on the environment. | 2 | |
| 4153877023 | Norte Chico/ Caral | 3000- 1800 BCE A civilization along the coast of Peru with very little rainfall although it had dozens of rivers. Rich fishing industry. | 3 | |
| 4153877024 | Indus River Valley civilization | 2000 BCE Along the banks of the Indus River with a population of perhaps 40,000. Featured luxurious homes and grand public buildings. | 4 | |
| 4153877025 | Catalhuyuk | a very early agricultural village in southern Turkey where people would build a new house over their old one. No streets divided the houses and people would move around on the roofs. | 5 | |
| 4153877026 | Fertile Crescent | an area sometimes known as Southwest Asia, consisting of present-day Iraq, Syria, Israel/Palestine, Jordan, and southern Turkey. The first to experience a full Agricultural Revolution. | 6 | |
| 4153877027 | "the original affluent society" | What one scholar described Paleolithic societies. "Not because they had so much but because they wanted or needed so little." | 7 | |
| 4153877028 | patriarchy | a system of society or government in which the father or eldest male is head of the family and descent is traced through the male line | 8 | |
| 4153877029 | Central Asian/ Oxus Civilization | 2200- 771 BCE Believed in a centralized state ruled by the "Son of Heaven" which was controlled by the Mandate of Heaven and wrote many of their stories on bones called oracle bones | 9 | |
| 4153877030 | Code of Hammurabi | a well-preserved Babylonian law code of ancient Mesopotamia, dating back to about 1754 BC | 10 | |
| 4153877031 | Rise of the State | the recognition that the complexity of life in cities or populated territories required some authority and coordination | 11 | |
| 4153877032 | Egypt: "the gift of the Nile" | When it floods, it left rich fertile soil. The soil is the gift. | 12 | |
| 4153877033 | Nubia | a civilization farther south along the Nile. Independent civilization | 13 | |
| 4153877034 | Göbekli Tepe | Located in southeastern Turkey under excavation since 1994. Dating to 11,600 years ago, it consists of massive limestone pillars some weighing as much as sixteen tons, which were carved in a II shape and arranged in a set of some twenty circles of rings rubbed the "world's oldest temple". It represents a kind of monumental construction long associated only with agricultural societies and civilization. | 14 | |
| 4153877035 | diffusion | the spreading of something more widely | 15 | |
| 4153877036 | Bantu Migration | a series of migrations of the Bantu people from the Congo area to present day Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania taking with their agricultural skills and language. | 16 | |
| 4153877037 | chiefdom | a from of hierarchical political organization in non-industrial societies usually based on kinship, and in which formal leadership are monopolized by the legitimize senior members of select families or "houses". | 17 | |
| 4153877038 | pastoral society | a social group of pastoralists whose way of life is based on pastoralism and is typically nomadic. Daily life is centered upon the tending of herds of flocks. | 18 | |
| 4153877039 | "Secondary products revolution" | technological innovations involving new uses for domesticated animals beyond their meat and hides | 19 | |
| 4153877040 | Persian Empire | series of imperial dynasties centered in Persia. First of them established by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC | 20 | |
| 4153877041 | Athenian democracy | To be citizen had to be male, born from two Athenian parents and over eighteen years old. Direct democracy | 21 | |
| 4153877042 | Greco-Persian Wars | Lasted 50 years. Fifty years before the war started, Cyprus the Great had conquered the Greek colonies on the western coast of Asia Minor, Ionia. The Persians put a tyrant in charge of each polis. | 22 | |
| 4153877043 | Hellenistic era | 323- 30 BCE widespread dissemination of Greek culture | 23 | |
| 4153877044 | Alexander the Great | son of Phillip II. Lead a massive Greek expedition against the Persian empire. Hailed the "King of Asia". Liberator from Persian domination. "son of gods". | 24 | |
| 4153877045 | Pax Romana | the Roman peace, the era of imperial Rome's greatest extent and greater authority | 25 | |
| 4153877046 | Qin Shihuangdi | launched a military campaign to reunify China. "first emperor of China" | 26 | |
| 4153877047 | Han dynasty | 206 BCE- 220 CE retained the centralized features of Shihuangdi's creation, although it moderated the harshness of his policies, adopting a milder and moralized Confucianism in place of Legalism as the governing philosophy at the states. Its rulers consolidated China's imperial state and established the political patterns that lasted into the twentieth century. | 27 | |
| 4153877048 | Mauryan Empire | Impressive political structure, large military force, civilian bureaucracy, an amoral government with Ashoka | 28 | |
| 4153877049 | Ashoka | Around 270 BCE Emperor of Mauryan dynasty in India. Applied Buddhist principles to the way he ruled his empire. | 29 | |
| 4153877050 | Legalism | strict adherence, or the principle of strict adherence, to law or prescription, especially to the letter rather than the spirit. | 30 | |
| 4153877051 | Confucianism | a system of philosophical "ethical-sociopolitical teachings" sometimes described as a religion. | 31 | |
| 4153877052 | Daoism | philosophical, ethical, or religious tradition of Chinese origin, or faith of Chinese exemptlification, that emphasizes living in harmony with the Dao | 32 | |
| 4153877053 | Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) | Indian mystic and founder of Buddhism. Born a prince he began practicing at the age of 35 after developing the central texts of Buddhism through intense meditation. | 33 | |
| 4153877054 | Zoroastrianism | an Iranian religion, founded c. 600 BC by Zoroaster, the principal beliefs are the existence of a supreme deity, Ahra Mazda, and in a cosmic struggle between a spirit of good, Spentu Mainyu, and a spirit of evil, Anya Mainyu. | 34 | |
| 4153877055 | Judaism | an ancient monotheistic religion with the Torah as its foundational text and supplemental oral tradition represented by later texts such as the Midcash and the Talmud | 35 | |
| 4153877056 | China's scholar-gentry class | members of China's landowning families reflecting their wealth from the land and their privilege they derive. Government officials | 36 | |
| 4153877057 | Caste as Varna and Jati | system of social organization in India that has evolved over millenia it is based on an original division of the populace into four inherited classes, with the addition of thousands of social distinctions based on occupation, which became the main cell of social India. | 37 | |
| 4153877058 | Greek and Roman slavery | captives from war and abandoned children, and victims of long-distance trade; manumission was common. among the Greek household service was the most common form of slavery, but in parts of the Roman state, thousands of slaves were employed under brutal conditions in the mines and on great plantations. | 38 | |
| 4153877059 | Empress Wu | the only female "emperor" in Chinese history | 39 | |
| 4153877060 | Axum | Located in present-day Eritrea and northern Ethiopia. Economic foundation was agriculture. Plow based farming. High production of wheat, barley, Miller, and teff. Substantial state emerged around 50 CE. | 40 | |
| 4153877061 | Niger Valley Civilization | Distinctive city-based civilization that flourished from about 300 BCE to about 900 CE. Particularly noteworthy for its apparent lack of centralized state structures, having organized instead in clusters of economically specialized settlements. | 41 | |
| 4153877062 | Teotihuacan | Largest city of pre-Columbian America that governed and/or influenced much of the surrounding region. Translates to "City of Gods". | 42 | |
| 4153877063 | Maya Civilization | Mesoamerican civilization known for the only known fully developed written language of the Pre-Columbian Americas. | 43 | |
| 4153877064 | Bantu Expansion | Gradual migration of the Bantu people from their homeland. Their ironworking and agriculture techniques gave them an advantage over the gathering and hunting people's they encountered. | 44 | |
| 4153877065 | Silk Roads | Land-based trade routes that linked Eurasia. | 45 | |
| 4153877066 | Black Death | The name given to the massive epidemic that swept Eurasia in the fourteenth century CE; it may have been bubonic plague, anthrax, or a collection of epidemic diseases. | 46 | |
| 4153877067 | Angkor Wat | was first a Hindu, later a Buddhist, temple complex in Cambodia and the largest religious monument in the world | 47 | |
| 4153877068 | Swahili Civilization | An East African civilization that emerged in the eighth century CE from a blending of Bantu, Islamic, and other Indian Ocean elements. | 48 | |
| 4153877069 | Indian Ocean Trading Network | The world's largest sea-based system of communication and exchange before 1500 CE, Indian Ocean commerce stretched from southern China to Eastern Africa and included not only the exchange of luxury and bulk goods but also the exchange of ideas or crops | 49 | |
| 4153877070 | Great Zimbabwe | A powerful state in the African interior that apparently emerged from the growing in trade in gold to the East African coast | 50 | |
| 4153877071 | Ghana, Mali, Songhay | A series of important states that developed in western and central Sudan in the period 500- 1600 CE in response to the economic opportunities of trans-Saharan trade (especially control of gold production). | 51 | |
| 4153877072 | Trans-Saharan Slave Trade | A fairly small-scale trade that developed in the twelfth century CE, exporting West African slaves captured in raids across the Sahara for sale mostly as household servants in Islamic North Africa; the difficulty of travel across the desert limited the scope of this trade. | 52 | |
| 4153877073 | Sand Roads | A term used to describe the routes of the trans-Saharan trade in Africa. | 53 | |
| 4153877074 | Pochteca | Professional merchants among the Aztecs. | 54 | |
| 4153877075 | Tang Dynasty | 55 | ||
| 4153877076 | Song Dynasty | 56 | ||
| 4153877077 | Hangzhou | 57 | ||
| 4153877078 | Foot binding | 58 | ||
| 4153877079 | Tribute system | 59 | ||
| 4158149360 | Silla Dynasty (Korea) | 60 | ||
| 4158149361 | Hangul/ chu nom | 61 | ||
| 4158149362 | Shotoku Taishi | 62 | ||
| 4158149363 | Bushido | 63 | ||
| 4158149364 | Izumi Shikibu | 64 | ||
| 4158149365 | Chinese Buddhism | 65 | ||
| 4158149366 | Emperor Wendi | 66 |
