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AP World History Vocabulary Flashcards

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7242750655Tigris and EuphratesThe Tigris is the eastern member of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, the other being the Euphrates0
7242750972Mesopotamiaan ancient region in W Asia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers: now part of Iraq.1
7242751632Fertile Crescentan area in the Middle and Near East: formerly fertile, now partly desert.2
7242752400Carthagean ancient city-state in N Africa, near modern Tunis: founded by the Phoenicians in the middle of the 9th century b.c.; destroyed in 146 b.c.3
7242752917Saharaa desert in N Africa, extending from the Atlantic to the Nile valley.4
7242754122Kalaharia desert region in SW Africa, largely in Botswana5
7242754291Nile Rivera river in E Africa, the longest in the world, flowing N from Lake Victoria to the Mediterranean6
7242754969desertificationthe processes by which an area becomes a desert.7
7242755423Indus River ValleyThe Indus Valley Civilisation or Harappan Civilisation was a Bronze Age civilisation mainly in the northwestern regions of South Asia, extending from what today is northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India8
7242755913environmentalthe aggregate of surrounding things, conditions, or influences; surroundings9
7242755914degradationthe wearing down of the land by the erosive action of water, wind, or ice.10
7242756459deforestationto divest or clear of forests or trees11
7242756621Huang HeThe Yellow River or Huang He is the third longest river in Asia,12
7242757002Chiang JiangThe Yangtze, known in China as the Cháng Jiāng or the Yángzǐ Jiāng, is the longest river in Asia and the third-longest in the world13
7242757003loessa loamy deposit formed by wind, usually yellowish and calcareous, common in the Mississippi Valley and in Europe and Asia.14
7242757571Mesoamericathe area extending approximately from central Mexico to Honduras and Nicaragua in which diverse pre-Columbian civilizations flourished.15
7242757834maizecorn16
7242758266Oceania and PolynesiaPolynesia is a subregion of Oceania, made up of over 1,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean17
7242758740division of laborthe assignment of different parts of a manufacturing process or task to different people in order to improve efficiency.18
7242758741barterto trade by exchange of commodities rather than by the use of money.19
7242758986zigguratsa temple of Sumerian origin in the form of a pyramidal tower, consisting of a number of stories and having about the outside a broad ascent winding round the structure, presenting the appearance of a series of terraces20
7242759490astronomythe science that deals with the material universe beyond the earth's atmosphere.21
7242759491astrologythe study that assumes and attempts to interpret the influence of the heavenly bodies on human affairs.22
7242759651Hebrewspeople from Israel23
7242760218Israelitesone of a group considered by its members or by others as God's chosen people.24
7242760219Jewsa person whose religion is Judaism.25
7242761148Abrahama male given name: from a Hebrew word meaning "father of many.26
7242761149Mosesthe Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites out of Egypt and delivered the Law during their years of wandering in the wilderness.27
7242761405Ten Commandmentsthe precepts spoken by God to Israel, delivered to Moses on Mount Sinai28
7242761660monotheismthe doctrine or belief that there is only one God.29
7242761935Jewish DiasporaThe Jewish diaspora or exile is the dispersion of Israelites, Judahites and later Jews out of their ancestral homeland and their subsequent settlement in other parts of the globe.30
7242761936theocratsa person who rules, governs as a representative of God or a deity,31
7242762152Atena solar deity declared by Amenhotep IV to be the only god, represented as a solar disk with rays ending in human hands.32
7242762153mummificationto make (a dead body) into a mummy, as by embalming and drying.33
7242762516AryansEthnology. a member or descendant of the prehistoric people who spoke Indo-European.34
7242762517Hindithe most widely spoken of the modern Indic vernaculars, especially its best-known variety, Western Hindi.35
7242763016Vedes and Vedic AgeThe Vedic period (or Vedic age) ( c. 1500 - c. 500 BCE), in Northern Indian subcontinent at the Indus Valley, and at the Ganga basin, has been named after the period in the and history of Indian subcontinent in the Iron Age in Indian subcontinent during which the Vedas36
7242763017brahmina person usually from an old, respected family who, because of wealth and social position37
7242763338brahama"the Creator," the first member of the Trimurti, with Vishnu the Preserver and Shiva the Destroyer38
7242763339dharmaconformity to religious law, custom, duty, or one's own quality or character.39
7242763559karmaHinduism, Buddhism. action, seen as bringing upon oneself inevitable results, good or bad, either in this life or in a reincarnation40
7242764622mokshafreedom from the differentiated, temporal, and mortal world of ordinary experience.41
7242764924ancestor venerationThe veneration of the dead, including one's ancestors, is based on love and respect for the deceased. In some cultures, it is related to beliefs that the dead have a continued existence, and may possess the ability to influence the fortune of the living.42
7242764925Golden Agethe period in life after middle age, traditionally characterized by wisdom, contentment, and useful leisure.43
7242765232scribesa person who serves as a professional copyist, especially one who made copies of manuscripts before the invention of printing.44
7242765828The Epic of GilgameshThe Epic of Gilgamesh is an epic poem from ancient Mesopotamia that is often regarded as the earliest surviving great work of literature45
7242766392cuneiformcomposed of slim triangular or wedge-shaped elements, as the characters used in writing by the ancient Akkadians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, and others.46
7242766766alphabetic scripta writing system based on alphabetic characters47
7242767360heiroglyphicsdesignating or pertaining to a pictographic script, particularly that of the ancient Egyptians48
7242767923papyrusa material on which to write49
7242767924Book of the DeadThe Book of the Dead is an ancient Egyptian funerary text, used from the beginning of the New Kingdom to around 50 BCE.50
7242768585Indo Europeana large, widespread family of languages, the surviving branches of which include Italic, Slavic, Baltic, Hellenic, Celtic, Germanic, and Indo-Iranian, spoken by about half the world's population51
7242768871Sanskritan Indo-European, Indic language, in use since c1200 b.c. as the religious and classical literary language of India52
7242769181Rig Vedaone of the Vedas, a collection of 1028 hymns, dating from not later than the second millennium b.c.53
7242769442Upanishadsany of a class of speculative prose treatises composed between the 8th and 6th centuries b.c. and first written a.d. c130054
7242769449pictographsa record consisting of pictorial symbols, as a prehistoric cave drawing or a graph or chart with symbolic figures representing a certain number of people,55
7242770182glyphs Austronesian speakersare various populations in Asia, Oceania and Africa that speak languages of the Austronesian family56
7242770683patriarchalof or relating to a patriarch, the male head of a family, tribe, community, church, order, etc57
7242770684clansa group of people of common descent; family:58
7242770987feudalismthe feudal system, or its principles and practices.59
7242771501Sumer and Sumeriansof or relating to Sumer, its people, or their language.60
7242771502Urukof or relating to Sumer61
7242771774city statesa sovereign state consisting of an autonomous city with its dependencies.62
7242772267kinga male sovereign or monarch; a man who holds by life tenure,63
7242772268kingdoma state or government having a king or queen as its head.64
7242772725BabyloniansBabylonia was an ancient Akkadian-speaking state and cultural area based in central-southern Mesopotamia. A small Amorite-ruled state emerged in 1894 BC, w65
7242772726empirea government under an emperor or empress.66
7242773047PhoeniciansPhoenicia was a thalassocratic ancient Semitic civilization, that originated in the Eastern Mediterranean and in the west of the Fertile Crescent.67
7242773381Old, Middle, and New KingdomThe Old Kingdom is the period in the third millennium BC when Egypt attained its first continuous peak of civilization - the first of three so-called "Kingdom" periods (followed by the Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom) which mark the high points of civilization in the lower Nile Valley.68
7242773712Hyksosa nomadic people who conquered and ruled ancient Egypt between the 13th and 18th dynasties, c1700-1580 b.c.69
7242773713HittitesThe Hittites were an Ancient Anatolian people who established an empire centered on Hattusa in north-central Anatolia around 1600 BC70
7242773714KushThe Kingdom of Kush or Kush was an ancient kingdom in Nubia, located at the confluences of the Blue Nile, White Nile and River Atbara in what is now Sudan and South Sudan71
7242774014AxumThe Kingdom of Aksum was an ancient kingdom located in present-day Eritrea and the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. Ruled by the Aksumites, it existed from approximately 100 AD to 940 AD.72
7242774588Dravidiansa family of languages, wholly distinct from Indo-European, spoken mostly in southern India and Sri Lanka73
7242775663Harappaa village in Pakistan: site of successive cities of the Indus valley civilization.74
7242778123Mohenjo-Daroan archaeological site in Pakistan, near the Indus River: six successive ancient cities were built here.75
7242778404Chavin civilizationThe Chavín culture is an extinct, prehistoric civilization, named for Chavín de Huantar, the principal archaeological site at which its artifacts have been found.76
7242779005Olmecof or designating a Mesoamerican civilization, c1000-400 b.c.77
7242779006Easter Islandan island in the S Pacific, W of and belonging to Chile.78
7242779494aboriginalsoriginal or earliest known; native; indigenous79
7242779646Hammurabi18th century b.c. or earlier, king of Babylonia.80
7242780144King MenesMenes was a pharaoh of the Early Dynastic Period of ancient Egypt credited by classical tradition with having united Upper and Lower Egypt and as the founder of the First Dynasty81
7242780145pharaoha title of an ancient Egyptian king.82
7242780594AkhenatonAkhenaten, known before the fifth year of his reign as Amenhotep IV, was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty who ruled for 17 years and died perhaps in 1336 BC or 1334 BC.83
7242781112Ramses the GreatRamesses II, also known as Ramesses the Great, was the third pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt. He often is regarded as the greatest, most celebrated, and most powerful pharaoh of the Egyptian Empire.84
7242781113Xia DynastyThe Xia dynasty is the first dynasty in traditional Chinese history. It is described in ancient historical chronicles such as the Bamboo Annals, the Classic of History and the Records of the Grand Historian.85
7242781563Shang DynastyThe Shang dynasty or Yin dynasty, according to traditional historiography, ruled in the Yellow River valley in the second millennium BC, succeeding the Xia dynasty and followed by the Zhou dynasty.86
7242781945Mandate of HeavenThe Zhou created the Mandate of Heaven: the idea that there could be only one legitimate ruler of China at a time, and that this ruler had the blessing of the gods87
7242782006Zhou DynastyThe Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 BCE) was the longest-lasting of China's dynasties. It followed the Shang Dynasty and it finished when the army of the state of Qin captured the city of Chengzhou in 256 BCE.88

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