Terms : Hide Images
| 7264572429 | End of the last ice age | About 11,000 years ago, signifies a climate warm enough for agriculture to begin | 0 | |
| 7264572430 | Broad spectrum diet | Paleolithic societies lived off of a variety of food, from things they gathered or hunted | 1 | |
| 7264572431 | Fertile crescent | Present day Iraq and Middle East, it was where agriculture first began | 2 | |
| 7264572432 | Teosinte | A type of wild maize that is the ancestor of corn. | 3 | |
| 7264572433 | Diffusion | The process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another over time, cultural diffusion helped spread ideas and innovations of early humans | 4 | |
| 7264572434 | Bantu migration | Migration of Bantu-speaking people to Southern Africa, they brought with them the ability to make iron weapons, the ability to write, and the ability to farm and domesticate animals | 5 | |
| 7264572435 | Banpo | An archeological site discovered in 1953 in China that contains the remains of several well-organized Neolithic settlements | 6 | |
| 7264572436 | Secondary products revolution | The innovation of using animals for more, like their wool, milk, traction, transportation, etc | 7 | |
| 7264572437 | Pastoral societies | Societies whose subsistence derives from the rearing of domesticated animals. | 8 | |
| 7264572438 | Stateless societies | Neolithic societies where the function of government was performed by the people with no official leaders | 9 | |
| 7264572439 | Chiefdoms | Societies that were politically organized, with a chief, social class, gender inequality, and religion | 10 | |
| 7392531928 | Norte chico/ Caral | Early civilization in Peru, 3000 BCE. Extremely isolated, no true writing system | 11 | |
| 7392531929 | Indus Valley Civilization | Early civilization near Indus River (current day Pakistan) 3000 BCE. Elaborate cities, sewers, indecipherable written language, lack of complex burial sites, unknown social structure | 12 | |
| 7392531930 | Olmec civilization | Early civilization in Mexico 1200 BCE. Combined competing chiefdoms, elaborate ceremonies, first written language in the Americas (900 BCE, no cultural diffusion), lasting culture (Maya, Aztec) | 13 | |
| 7392531931 | Uruk | A large Sumerian city-state in Mesopotamia. | 14 | |
| 7392531932 | Mohenjo Daro/ Harappa | Elaborate cities in the Indus Valley early civilization, complex sewer systems | 15 | |
| 7392531933 | Code of Hammurabi | First code of law, strict justice system in Mesopotamia | 16 | |
| 7392531934 | Patriarchy | System of government in which eldest male is head of the family and descends through bloodline, important of males begins in early civilizations | 17 | |
| 7392531935 | Rise of the state | Things needed for a society to develop into a civilization: - ability to organize large-scale agricultural projects (irrigation) - organize economic activities and framework for warfare - organize people, social structure | 18 | |
| 7392531936 | Epic of Gilgamesh | An epic poem from Mesopotamia, and among the earliest known works of literary writing. | 19 | |
| 7392531937 | Nubia | a region in North Africa located on the Nile river south of Egypt | 20 | |
| 7392531938 | Hyksos | a group of nomadic invaders from southwest Asia who ruled Egypt from 1640 to 1570 B.C. | 21 | |
| 7392531939 | Persian empire | 500 BCE, single monarch-king, higher powers made decisions, multicultural unified empire | 22 | |
| 7392531940 | Athenian Democracy | Direct democracy, only citizens (men with land) could vote | 23 | |
| 7392531941 | Greco-Persian Wars | Cause: Persia wants to expand, Greece is prideful and unwilling to surrender freedom so they revolt (1st Ionian revolt) Effect: Greece wins, which elevates their power. Alexander the Great takes over and unites Greece with common enemy Persia, persia falls Impact: Greece is unified, city states lose sense of independence. Hellenistic era occurs | 24 | |
| 7392531942 | Alexander the Great | King of Macedonia who conquered Greece, Egypt, and Persia. Changes he brought: Greek culture was widely disseminated, city states lost sense of independence, culturally diverse, people could become Greek citizens | 25 | |
| 7392531943 | Hellenistic era | 323-30 BCE. Greek culture spreads to Egypt, Mesopotamia, and India. Innovation skyrockets | 26 | |
| 7392531944 | Caesar Augustus | Emperor of Roman Empire. Recruited troops from the poor and created a civil war | 27 | |
| 7392531945 | Pax Romana | 200 year period of peace in Rome, golden age with 5 good emperors in a row | 28 | |
| 7392531946 | Qin Shihuangdi | the first emperor to rule a united China, from 221 to 210 B.C.E. Legalism, brutal tactics (execution of elite/scholars, Great Wall, cultural takeover), expansion into Korea and Vietnam | 29 | |
| 7392531947 | Han Dynasty | Chinese dynasty that ruled from 206 BCE for about 400 years | 30 | |
| 7392531948 | Mauryan Empire | A major empire (322-185 B.C.E.) that encompassed most of India. Influenced by Persia. Spy's in city-states to report to government | 31 | |
| 7392531949 | Ashoka | Ruler of the Mauryan empire from 273 BC to 232 BC. A convert to Buddhism. | 32 | |
| 7514852512 | Legalism | Strict laws and harsh punishments with a highly hierarchical structure. Began with Qin dynasty in China | 33 | |
| 7514852513 | Confucianism | Government and education, hierarchical structure based on relationships between the superior and inferior. Began with Confucius in aristocratic family in northern Chinese state Lu | 34 | |
| 7514852514 | Ban Zhao | First known female Chinese historian. Worked on the book of Han | 35 | |
| 7514852515 | Daoism | Finding own path while maintaining simple life with nature. | 36 | |
| 7514852516 | Vedas | Oldest scripture of Hinduism, sacred sounds and fires, numerous gods, acquire power and wealth through sacred rituals | 37 | |
| 7514852517 | Upanishads | Indian mystical and philosophical works, written between 800 and 400 B.C.E. | 38 | |
| 7514852518 | Siddhartha Guatama | A prince who founded Buddhism, and gave up his power to become enlightened. Buddha | 39 | |
| 7514852519 | Theravada/Mahayana | Two main branches of Buddhism | 40 | |
| 7514852520 | Bhagavad Gita | a section of the Indian epic "The Mahabharata", Hinduism's most popular sacred text | 41 | |
| 7514852521 | Zoroastrianism | Began with Achaenenid dynasty in Persia. Good vs evil (Ahura Mazda vs Angra Mainyu), good prevails with help from messiah, humans choose sides on judgment day | 42 | |
| 7514852522 | Judaism | Inspired from Zoroastrianism, developed by Hebrews. Yahweh is one god based on covenant, transcendent deity | 43 | |
| 7514852523 | Greek rationalism | Begins as old polytheistic mythology breaks down. Three principles; world is physical reality governed by natural laws, humans can understand natural laws, human reason works out system for ethical life. | 44 | |
| 7514852524 | Socrates, Plato, Aristotle | Classic Greek philosophers | 45 | |
| 7514852525 | Jesus of Nazareth | Small town worker from lower class family. Devotion for single deity and miracles, spoke for political and lower class. Turned into a god by followers after his death. | 46 | |
| 7514852526 | Saint Paul | Early convert whose missionary journeys in the eastern part of Roman Empire led to founding of small Christian communities that included non-Jews | 47 | |
| 7606307655 | Wang Mang | Founded the Xin dynasty in 9 CE. He believed in a good Confucian government and ideals that were ultimately impossible to uphold | 48 | |
| 7606307656 | China's scholar-gentry class | Men could get an education and pass exams to become elite officials. They could enter a realm of high privilege. Mostly wealthy families who sent their sons, but poor families could participate as well | 49 | |
| 7606307657 | Yellow Turban Rebellion | At the end of second century CE, bands of peasants joined along the yellow river. Angered by landlessness and poverty, they worse yellow scarves and had a massive peasant uprising. Found unity in daoism and had organization and 360,000 followers in 184 CE. Eventually weakened state and overthrow of Han dyanasty | 50 | |
| 7606307658 | Caste as varna and jati | Varna is the idea of a caste system and the specific levels of caste, while jati was the occupational groupings within each caste | 51 | |
| 7606307659 | "Ritual purity" in ancient Indian social practice | Caste system gave priority to religious status and ritual purity (Brahmins) | 52 | |
| 7606307660 | Ancient Greek and Roman slavery | 1/3 entire population, fundamental part of society because this is a conquering empire, you can be a slave if you a conquered. No religion or condemning of slavery. No dedicated class of people to do lower labor | 53 | |
| 7606307661 | Spartacus | Most famous gladiator who started a slave uprising in the Roman empire | 54 | |
| 7606307662 | The "three obediences" | Three things that ancient Chinese women had to do: obedience to father before marriage, the husband after marriage, and the son in case of widows | 55 | |
| 7606307663 | Empress Wu | Ancient Chinese empress who ruled during the Zhou dynasty | 56 | |
| 7606307664 | Aspasia and Pericles | this couple is notable for their equitable relationship, a rarity in Athens for this era | 57 | |
| 7606307665 | Helots | First slaves of the ancient Spartan society | 58 | |
| 7817579660 | Silk roads | Land-based trade routes that linked Eurasia. | 59 | |
| 7817579661 | Black Death (Bubonic Plague) | Death that spread through Silk Road, killed 1/3 of Europe | 60 | |
| 7817579662 | Indian Ocean trading network | Network of trade on the Indian Ocean during the post- classical era. More bulk cargo via ships | 61 | |
| 7817579663 | Srivijaya | Malay kingdom that dominated trade. Imposed taxes on ships coming through Indian Ocean, abundance of spices, plentiful supply of gold | 62 | |
| 7817579664 | Borobudur | 10 level mountain-shaped structure illustrating Buddhist journey from ignorance and illusion to full enlightenment. Represents Buddhism becoming culturally grounded in one place | 63 | |
| 7817579665 | Swahili civilization | Impacted by commercial spread of Islam. Language from Bantu and Arabic. Similar to Ancient Greece city state political structure | 64 | |
| 7817579666 | Great Zimbabwe | An ancient walled town in Southern Africa. Emergence of powerful state seems connected to the growing trade in gold to the coast as well as to the wealth embodied in its large herds of cattle. | 65 | |
| 7817579667 | Sand roads | Long distance trade across the Sahara between North Africa and the Mediterranean and the land and peoples of interior west Africa. | 66 | |
| 7817579668 | Ghana, Mali, Songhai | Trade brought incentive and resources for construction of new political structures. People of central and western Sudan created a series of states, city-states, and empires including Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. All monarchies who drew upon wealth of merchants and trade | 67 | |
| 7817579669 | Trans-Saharan slave trade | Slaves born in Sahara and traded to emerging west African civilizations | 68 | |
| 7817579670 | American web | Connections between civilizations (maize), but not nearly as extensive as in Eurasia and Africa. | 69 | |
| 7902919445 | Sui dynasty | Rebuilt after the chaos following the fall of the Han; built the Grand Canal | 70 | |
| 7902919446 | Tang Dynasty | Most Buddhist post-classical Chinese dynasty, civil service exam | 71 | |
| 7902919447 | Song dynasty economic revolution | A major economic quickening that took place in China under the Song Dynasty. Roads, dams, great canal, tribute system, new/bountiful strains of rice, | 72 | |
| 7902919448 | Hangzhou | China's capital during the Song dynasty, with a population of more than a million people. | 73 | |
| 7902919449 | Foot binding | Song Dynasty because of Confucianism, kept elite women in the home | 74 | |
| 7902919450 | Tribute system | Outside "barbarians" offered wealth to the Chinese as an offering to be granted permission to trade within the empire. To avoid war, the Chinese often gifted the nomads with more money than they received | 75 | |
| 7902919451 | Xiongnu | A confederation of nomadic peoples living beyond the northwest frontier of ancient China. | 76 | |
| 7902919452 | Khitan/Jurchen people | Nomadic peoples who conquered parts of Northern China, also demanded tribute from China. | 77 | |
| 7902919453 | Silla Dynasty (Korea) | The dynasty in Korea that rallied to prevent Chinese domination in the seventh century CE. | 78 | |
| 7902919454 | Hangul | Korean phonetic alphabet | 79 | |
| 7902919455 | Chu nom | A variation of Chinese writing developed in Vietnam | 80 | |
| 7902919456 | Trung sisters | two Vietnamese sisters who successfully rebelled against Chinese control of Vietnam | 81 | |
| 7902919457 | Shotoku Taishi | A Japanese prince who used Chinese ideas to set up a more centralized system of government in Japan | 82 | |
| 7902919458 | Bushido | the code of honor and morals developed by the Japanese samurai. | 83 | |
| 7902919459 | Chinese Buddhism | Starts in India & uses china as a launch pad, Buddhist monasteries brought movement and trade, alternative to Confucianism | 84 | |
| 7902919460 | Emperor Wendi | Sui emperor who particularly encouraged Buddhism | 85 |
