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AP World History Vocabulary Flashcards

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10323399024absolutismthe acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters0
10323400712administrationthe process or activity of running a business, organization, etc.; the officials in the executive branch of government under a particular chief executive1
10323416038agrarianrelating to cultivated land or the cultivation of land2
10323417242analyzeexamine methodically and in detail the constitution or structure of (something, especially information), typically for purposes of explanation and interpretation3
10323418517arable(of land) used or suitable for growing crops4
10323423631aristocracythe highest class in certain societies, especially those holding hereditary titles or offices5
10323424241artisana worker in a skilled trade, especially one that involves making things by hand6
10323425865assimiliationthe process of taking in and fully understanding information or ideas7
10323426671authoritarianismthe enforcement or advocacy of strict obedience to authority at the expense of personal freedom8
10323428327autocracya system of government by one person with absolute power9
10323430246boycottwithdraw from commercial or social relations with (a country, organization, or person) as a punishment or protest10
10323431888bourgeoisiethe middle class, typically with reference to its perceived materialistic values or conventional attitudes11
10323432704bulliongold or silver in bulk before coining, or valued by weight12
10323436992bureaucracya system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives13
10323439116capitalwealth in the form of money or other assets owned by a person or organization or available or contributed for a particular purpose such as starting a company or investing14
10323439117capitalisman economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state15
10323441148cartelan association of manufacturers or suppliers with the purpose of maintaining prices at a high level and restricting competition16
10323444374casteeach of the hereditary classes of Hindu society, distinguished by relative degrees of ritual purity or pollution and of social status17
10323458349causationthe action of causing something18
10323460428centralizedconcentrate (control of an activity or organization) under a single authority19
10323462119chiefdomform of hierarchical political organization in non-industrial societies usually based on kinship, and in which formal leadership is monopolized by the legitimate senior members of select families or 'houses'20
10323464942circa(often preceding a date) approximately21
10323466719citizena legally recognized subject or national of a state or commonwealth, either native or naturalized22
10323505975city-statea city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state23
10323526404civil servicethe permanent professional branches of a government's administration, excluding military and judicial branches and elected politicians24
10323534430civilizationthe stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced25
10323576485coercepersuade (an unwilling person) to do something by using force or threats26
10323578850colonialismthe policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically27
10323578851colonya country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country28
10323580919commercethe activity of buying and selling, especially on a large scale29
10323582184commoditya raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold, such as copper or coffee30
10323582933communalshared by all members of a community; for common use; (of conflict) between different communities, especially those having different religions or ethnic origins31
10323584175communisma political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs32
10323585988compareestimate, measure, or note the similarity or dissimilarity between33
10323588991conscriptenlist (someone) compulsorily, typically into the armed services34
10323590848conservativeholding to traditional attitudes and values and cautious about change or innovation, typically in relation to politics or religion35
10323593452consumerismthe protection or promotion of the interests of consumers; he preoccupation of society with the acquisition of consumer goods36
10323595887contemporaryliving or occurring at the same time37
10323597611contextualizationplacing or studing in context38
10323601957cosmopolitanfamiliar with and at ease in many different countries and cultures39
10323603975coup d'étata sudden, violent, and illegal seizure of power from a government40
10323614206creditthe ability of a customer to obtain goods or services before payment, based on the trust that payment will be made in the future41
10323614732culturethe arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively; the customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group42
10323616613currencya system of money in general use in a particular country43
10323617896de factoin fact, or in effect, whether by right or not44
10323619240debtsomething, typically money, that is owed or due45
10323620564decentralizedtransfered (authority) from central to local government; moved departments of (a large organization) away from a single administrative center to other locations, usually granting them some degree of autonomy46
10323628153deficitthe amount by which something, especially a sum of money, is too small47
10323631731deforestationthe action of clearing a wide area of trees48
10323632536deitya god or goddess (in a polytheistic religion)49
10323634861democracya system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives50
10323641614demographythe study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which illustrate the changing structure of human populations51
10323644350despotismthe exercise of absolute power, especially in a cruel and oppressive way52
10323662822determinismthe doctrine that all events, including human action, are ultimately determined by causes external to the will. Some philosophers have taken determinism to imply that individual human beings have no free will and cannot be held morally responsible for their actions53
10323666247dictatora ruler with total power over a country, typically one who has obtained power by force54
10323671075diplomacythe profession, activity, or skill of managing international relations, typically by a country's representatives abroad55
10323672479disseminationthe act of spreading something, especially information, widely; circulation56
10323675310diversitythe state of being diverse; variety57
10323677085doctrinea belief or set of beliefs held and taught by a church, political party, or other group58
10323682051domesticexisting or occurring inside a particular country; not foreign or international59
10323683643dynastya line of hereditary rulers of a country; a succession of people from the same family who play a prominent role in business, politics, or another field60
10323685187ecologicalrelating to or concerned with the relation of living organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings61
10323688958economic specializationwhen a nation or individual concentrates its productive efforts on producing a limited variety of goods62
10323689502economythe wealth and resources of a country or region, especially in terms of the production and consumption of goods and services63
10323690936egalitarianrelating to or believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities64
10323693276emancipationthe fact or process of being set free from legal, social, or political restrictions; liberation; the freeing of someone from slavery65
10323697284emerging marketscountries that have some characteristics of a developed market, but do not meet standards to be developed markets66
10323698454emigrationthe act of leaving one's own country to settle permanently in another; moving abroad67
10323699660empirean extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly especially an emperor or empress68
10323700575epidemicwidespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time; a sudden, widespread occurrence of a particular undesirable phenomenon69
10323702570ethnicrelating to a population subgroup (within a larger or dominant national or cultural group) with a common national or cultural tradition70
10323703399ethnocentricevaluating other peoples and cultures according to the standards of one's own culture71
10323708179evaluateform an idea of the amount, number, or value of; assess72
10323711026executivehaving the power to put plans, actions, or laws into effect; relating to managing an organization or political administration and putting into effect plans, policies, or laws73
10323712220fascisma political philosophy, movement, or regime (such as that of the Fascisti) that exalts nation and often race above the individual and that stands for a centralized autocratic government headed by a dictatorial leader, severe economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition74
10323714318feminismthe advocacy of women's rights on the basis of the equality of the sexes75
10323716977feudalismthe dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection76
10323717791filialof or due from a son or daughter77
10323718123forage(of a person or animal) search widely for food or provisions78
10323723754free marketan economic system in which prices are determined by unrestricted competition between privately owned businesses79
10323724423free tradeinternational trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions80
10323726120fundamentalforming a necessary base or core; of central importance; a central or primary rule or principle on which something is based81
10323731994genderthe state of being male, female or neither/other (typically used with reference to social and cultural differences rather than biological ones)82
10323739011genocidethe deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation83
10323739972globalizationthe process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale84
10323743247governmentthe governing body of a nation, state, or community85
10323744025guilda medieval association of craftsmen or merchants, often having considerable power; an association of people for mutual aid or the pursuit of a common goal86
10323745702hegemonyleadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others87
10323746375hierarchya system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority88
10323749348historiographythe study of historical writing89
10323749856horticulturethe art or practice of garden cultivation and management90
10323750620ideologya system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy91
10323751426imperialrelating to an empire92
10323752487indigenousoriginating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native93
10323755018industryeconomic activity concerned with the processing of raw materials and manufacture of goods in factories94
10323755532infrastructurethe basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, and power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise95
10323761915inherentexisting in something as a permanent, essential, or characteristic attribute96
10323763002immigrationthe action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country97
10323763816inverseopposite or contrary in position, direction, order, or effect98
10323764663judiciarythe judicial authorities of a country; judges collectively99
10323765540juntaa military or political group that rules a country after taking power by force100
10323767044kinone's family and relations101
10323769817laissez-fairea policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering; abstention by governments from interfering in the workings of the free market102
10323771824-lateralof, at, toward, or from the side or sides103
10323773667legislaturethe legislative body of a country or state104
10323774683legitimacyconformity to the law or to rules105
10323775704liberalopen to new behavior or opinions and willing to discard traditional values106
10323777067malnutritionlack of proper nutrition, caused by not having enough to eat, not eating enough of the right things, or being unable to use the food that one does eat107
10323779178mandatean official order or commission to do something; give (someone) authority to act in a certain way108
10323785438maritimeconnected with the sea, especially in relation to seafaring commercial or military activity109
10323787819mercantilismbelief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism; the economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, which a government should encourage by means of protectionism110
10323788748meritocracygovernment or the holding of power by people selected on the basis of their ability111
10323796753metallurgythe branch of science and technology concerned with the properties of metals and their production and purification112
10323802223metropolitanrelating to or denoting a metropolis, often inclusive of its surrounding areas; relating to or denoting the parent state of a colony or dependency113
10323805185middle classthe social group between the upper and working classes, including professional and business workers and their families114
10323807081migrationmovement of people to a new area or country in order to find work or better living conditions115
10323812774modernitythe quality or condition of being modern; a modern way of thinking, working, etc.; contemporariness116
10323814053monarchya form of government with a monarch at the head117
10323815093monopolythe exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service118
10323816132nationa large aggregate of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular country or territory119
10323816518nation-statea sovereign state whose citizens or subjects are relatively homogeneous in factors such as language or common descent120
10323824031nationalismpatriotic feeling, principles, or efforts; an extreme form of this, especially marked by a feeling of superiority over other countries121
10323825211NGOsnongovernmental organizations122
10323826495nomada member of a people having no permanent abode, and who travel from place to place to find fresh pasture for their livestock123
10323827304orthodox(of a person or their views, especially religious or political ones, or other beliefs or practices) conforming to what is generally or traditionally accepted as right or true; established and approved124
10323828477pacifismthe belief that any violence, including war, is unjustifiable under any circumstances, and that all disputes should be settled by peaceful means125
10323829046partisana strong supporter of a party, cause, or person; a member of an armed group formed to fight secretly against an occupying force, in particular one operating in enemy-occupied Yugoslavia, Italy, and parts of eastern Europe in World War II126
10323830059pastoral(especially of land or a farm) used for or related to the keeping or grazing of sheep or cattle; (in the Christian Church) concerning or appropriate to the giving of spiritual guidance127
10323833620paternalof or appropriate to a father128
10323834936patriarchthe male head of a family or tribe129
10323836396patronizetreat with an apparent kindness that betrays a feeling of superiority; give encouragement and financial support to (a person, especially an artist, or a cause)130
10323837442peasanta poor farmer of low social status who owns or rents a small piece of land for cultivation (chiefly in historical use or with reference to subsistence farming in poorer countries)131
10323838435perioda portion of time in the life of a person, nation, or civilization characterized by the same prevalent features or conditions132
10323839926peripherythe outer limits or edge of an area or object133
10323896814pluralitythe fact or state of being plural; a large number of people or things134
10323899138politicsthe activities associated with the governance of a country or other area, especially the debate or conflict among individuals or parties having or hoping to achieve power135
10323904586polygamyhe practice or custom of having more than one wife or husband at the same time136
10323906001popular participationthe active involvement of citizens in the socio-political activities of a country137
10323911594proletariatworkers or working-class people, regarded collectively (often used with reference to Marxism); the lowest class of citizens in ancient Rome138
10323914250propagandainformation, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view139
10323916001protectoratea state that is controlled and protected by another140
10323918929provincea principal administrative division of certain countries or empires141
10323919297push-pull factorsfactors that drive people away from a place and draw people to a new location142
10323922464raceeach of the major divisions of humankind, having distinct physical characteristics143
10323929871racismprejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one's own race is superior144
10323932588radicaladvocating or based on thorough or complete political or social change; representing or supporting an extreme or progressive section of a political party145
10323935401raw materialthe basic material from which a product is made146
10323936351rebela person who rises in opposition or armed resistance against an established government or ruler147
10323939882reformmake changes in (something, typically a social, political, or economic institution or practice) in order to improve it148
10323945482regimea government, especially an authoritarian one149
10323948459regionalrelating to or characteristic of a region150
10323950300republicstate in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch151
10323951367revenueincome, especially when of a company or organization and of a substantial nature152
10323952707revoltrise in rebellion153
10323953475revolutiona forcible overthrow of a government or social order in favor of a new system154
10323955090ruralin, relating to, or characteristic of the countryside rather than the town155
10323958163secedewithdraw formally from membership in a federal union, an alliance, or a political or religious organization156
10323960141seculardenoting attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis157
10323962938sedentary(of a person) tending to spend much time seated; somewhat inactive; (of work or a way of life) characterized by much sitting and little physical exercise158
10323964919segregationthe action or state of setting someone or something apart from other people or things or being set apart; the enforced separation of different racial groups in a country, community, or establishment159
10323965963slaveryhe state of being a slave160
10323970211socialisma political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole161
10323972594socio-economicrelating to or concerned with the interaction of social and economic factors162
10323975192sovereigntysupreme power or authority163
10323977274standardizedcause (something) to conform to a standard164
10323989475statea nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government165
10323995740status quothe existing state of affairs, especially regarding social or political issues166
10323998205stratificationthe arrangement or classification of something into different groups167
10324001005subsistencethe action or fact of maintaining or supporting oneself at a minimum level; denoting or relating to production at a level sufficient only for one's own use or consumption, without any surplus for trade168
10324004936syncretismthe amalgamation or attempted amalgamation of different religions, cultures, or schools of thought169
10324010516synthesisthe combination of ideas to form a theory or system170
10324012092tariffa tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports171
10324013171territorialrelating to the ownership of an area of land or sea172
10324017130theocracya system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god173
10324017976Third Worldthe developing countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America174
10324018426totalitarianrelating to a system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state175
10324019517tributean act, statement, or gift that is intended to show gratitude, respect, or admiration176
10324020306unionthe action or fact of joining or being joined, especially in a political context; an organized association of workers formed to protect and further their rights and interests; a labor union177
10324022179urbanin, relating to, or characteristic of a city or town178
10324022730utopianmodeled on or aiming for a state in which everything is perfect; idealistic179
10324023282venerateregard with great respect; revere180
10324026961The Westthe noncommunist states of Europe and North America, contrasted with the former communist states of eastern Europe181
10324028127working classthe social group consisting of people who are employed for wages, especially in manual or industrial work182
10324030002xenophobiantense or irrational dislike or fear of people from other countries183

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