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| 8438665808 | Fall of Roman Empire | Integrating barbarians into the empire, barbarians outside the empire, internal corruption, division of the empire, overexpansion, and christianity; 476 CE | 0 | |
| 8438665809 | Crusades | a retake the Holy Land; mainly a call to arms by Alexios Komnenos (Byzantine emperor) to retake land lost to the Seljuk Turks; Pope Urban II called for a crusade presented as a pilgrimage to the Holy Land; fourth one was a disaster | 1 | |
| 8438668443 | Influence of Crusades (on Muslims) | caused a stigma against Muslims and created a rift between Islam and Christianity still very present today | 2 | |
| 8438673680 | Daoism | mystical Chinese religion of following the Dao (paradoxical everything/nothing, good/bad). Let life flow around you; less interference is better (also applies to statesmanship) | 3 | |
| 8447641719 | Daoism influence on government | best government governs least | 4 | |
| 8438677570 | Silk Route | a trade route that connected eastern and western Eurasia & was the fundamental export for chinese industry and goods; included China, Europe, India, mongols, etc. | 5 | |
| 8438677571 | Bhavahadgita | an Indian poem translated as "the book of the Song of Heaven," that talks about the importance of Dharma. The subject of the poem, Arjuna, is morally conflicted by his choices. In the midst of battle, he is torn between his duty to fulfill his dharma, and a loyalty to his kinsman. The god Krishna comes to his aid, explaining the importance of dharma, and eventually convincing Arjuna that killing his relative is the correct choice. This central religious teaching of putting your duty to society above all and gives insight into the rigid and successful caste system, and into the morals of leaders during that time. | 6 | |
| 8438680755 | Carolingian Empire | were an aristocratic family with connections in the church that were furthered by the rule of Charles Martel, who led the Battle of Tours in 732 to defeat the Muslims and gained him a lot of power. His son, Pepin III was next to be crowned, and was given his title as "king of the Franks" by the pope, and later established a Franco- papal alliance. | 7 | |
| 8447682099 | Virtues of the Carolingian empire | Battle of Tours, Kings by the grace of God, Franco-Papal alliance, Education reform, HRE, Gives us general borders for current Europe | 8 | |
| 8438684261 | Chinese economic progress in the Song Dynasty | overcame centralized authority and started trade with Japan; there were highly competitive exams as part of a system to choose leaders based on intelligence rather than bloodline; the invention of printing with carved wood and ink. The invention assisted in the education of the elite at first, and later made books more accessible to all. Achievements were also made when education combine with art led the elites to develop calligraphy and landscape painting | 9 | |
| 8438688490 | Spread of Bubonic Plague | Spread through rats on trade routes, in Asia, spread by Mongols to the West in Italy and Europe . Took out 1/3 of the population. | 10 | |
| 8438688491 | Caste | a social class system widely used in India; determined how one should be with their dharma; also known as the jati system; dharma is fulfilling your duties in this system and creates will to perform well in any social class/occupation | 11 | |
| 8438688492 | Feudalism | the relationship between the aristocracy and the peasants/serfs; the upper/ruling class had control of arable land, leading to a class society based upon the exploitation of the peasants who farm these lands (under serfdom) and principally by means of labour, produce and money rents | 12 | |
| 8438690447 | Syncretism | Assimilation of culture; barbarians assimilated christianity etc. | 13 | |
| 8438690448 | Buddhist monasteries | escapism for Chinese women from Confucian China, tax exempt, during Tang China the Buddhist monastery land was withdrawn for money; they help women who don't want to marry and also give education (nuns) | 14 | |
| 8438693158 | Extent of Mongol Conquests | China, Russia, Turks. From Korea to Warsaw (Poland's capital). | 15 | |
| 8438696139 | Byzantine empire | extent: land surrounding Mediterranean Sea; religion: Christianity; political system: monarchy, Autocracy | 16 | |
| 8438702525 | polynesian migrations | People migrate to Hawaii + Polynesia (300 - 600 AD). Second wave (1000 - 1300 AD) | 17 | |
| 8438702526 | Code of Hammurabi | first codified law; it held 282 laws, and followed the rule of an eye for an eye. It was also classist and sexist; if a man of lower status is done wrong by one of higher status, the law will look the other way, if it is reversed, the man would be killed; it was also acceptable for a man to cheat, but not a woman, if a woman were to cheat, they and their lover would be killed | 18 | |
| 8438704381 | Bantu people | came from Cameroon stretched into East Africa and South Africa, pretty much converting all they came across to their agriculture and language | 19 | |
| 8438708152 | Similarities between Buddhism and Christianity (NUNS?!) | Should be noted that Lutheran monastic life is more similar to asceticism; monastic life | 20 | |
| 8438710502 | Greek scientific and philosophical achievements | Aristotelian logic explained nature, math, astronomy, etc. Was lost during fall of Rome and returned later due to Muslim education; Arabia also made advancements on many Greek concepts such as astronomy and medicine. | 21 | |
| 8438712816 | aspects of T'ang China | Imperial dynasty of china. Was preceded by the Sui, and they used Sui governing styles. Was regarded as the Golden Age of china. Eventually turned to anarchy and brought about synthesis with Confucian and Daoist ideas | 22 | |
| 8438714983 | Spread of Islam (form of organization and extent of its influence) | The caliph was at the heart of the Islamic empire, in charge of the military, interpretation of the law, and overseeing emirs and government officials. Abu Bakr was the first caliph and led from 632 to 634. He was incredibly influential and his reign was one of peace and unification in the Muslim community; spread through trade | 23 | |
| 8438719023 | Sunni | a sect of Islam that dispute over the conflict of heirs to Muhammad; they were a group of Muslims who believed that Mu'awiya was the proper caliph and valued educational values over bloodline; a part of the Umayyad dynasty | 24 | |
| 8438719024 | Shiites | a sect of Islam that dispute over the conflict of heirs to Muhammad; they believed that the Shi'a was a community of Muslims who claim to be the descendants of Ali and believe that the caliph should be a direct descendant of Muhammad. They were opponents of the Umayyad dynasty and opposed Mu'awiya as the caliph. | 25 | |
| 8438724110 | patriarchy | system where men largely hold power; father or eldest son is head of family; descent traced through male line | 26 | |
| 8438724111 | matriarchy | system where women largely hold power; prior to syncretism Korea and Japan were matriarchal societies;then China adopted Confucianism, and after adhering to Confucian structures for the orientation of relationships (one subordinate member) women were put under men. Women as elites could be educated in order to properly entertain men and have company, but often in the lower ranks of society, girls would be sold or killed to save money for the family- they were seen as expendable. | 27 |
