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AP World history:The Enlightenment Flashcards

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6330629519The Enlightenment is also known asthe Age of Reason according to George Washington and Thomas Paine0
6330629520The notion of democracy came fromBaron de Montesquieu1
6330629521The constant testing of observations producedscience, arts, technology, and social contracts2
6330629522Baron de Montesquieu mistakenlythought that benevolent monarchies had separate judicial and legislative branches of government. However, the idea of an executive, legislative, and judicial form government resonated throughout the era.3
6330629523The rigors of scientific test gave riseto mathematics, chemistry, and astronomy.4
6330629524One of the greatest technological advances from scientific inquiry wasmedicine.5
6330629525Anatomy is the study ofthe human body with dissection.6
6330629526Physiology is the study ofthe human body.7
6330629527Pathophysiology is the study ofdiseases.8
6330629528Thomas Hobbsbelieved the nature of human beings is naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish.9
6330629529Thomas Hobbs believed that people would:give up their base nature in order to have strong form of government that was unipolar.10
6330629530Thomas Hobbs supported:the conservative form of autocratic government or absolute monarchy.11
6330629531The downside of Hobbs belief is that he did not believe thatpeople could govern themselves.12
6330629532Thomas Hobbs wrote:Leviathan13
6330629533John Locke believed the opposite of Hobb which wasthat people are fundamentally reasonable and moral.14
6330629534John Locke believed thatnatural rights belonged to the people from birth15
6330629535The natural rights that John Locke believed in wereright to life, liberty, and possessions16
6330629536Locke believed in what kind of government?Limited government17
6330629537What made John Locke a radical wasHis belief that if the government fails in its obligations to the people and violates the rights of the people, the citizens have the right to overthrow the government.18
6330629538John Locke's main work isTwo Treatises of Government19
6330629539Adam Smith's work is calledWealth of Nations20
6330629540Adam Smith believed in three economic laws1. The individual will work harder if he has a self-interest in the outcome. 2. Competition will produce a balanced market 3. Supply and demand will be in balance21
6330629541Adam Smith believed inlaissez faire economics. Government should not intervene.22
6330629542Adam Smith did not consider the downside ofmonopolies where capitalists do not care for competition, but would purchase it in order to eliminate it.23
6330629543Private property rights play a major rolefor Adam Smith24
6330629544There is a continued debate regarding government intervention from Adam Smith's economic theoryShould government social welfare programs address the inequity of Adam Smith. Should the government prevent stratifying of economic classes.25
6330629545The Enlightenment produced secularuniversities comprise of the sciences and the arts compared to the seminaries.26
6330629546The textbooks were a departure from religious texts andproduced an increase in literacy during this period that spread ideas from the Enlightenment around the world.27
6330629547The belief of the Enlightenment was by reason alone could changegovernment, law, and society.28
6330629548Voltaire defendedfreedom of thought.29
6330629549The Enlightenment lasted from roughly1650 to 180030
6330629550Denis Diderot produced the firstEncyclopedia31
6330629551Jean-Jacques Rousseaubelieved that people in their natural state were good but were corrupted by society with a primarily focus on unequal distribution of wealth.32
6330629552Rousseau work is entitled and contained the fundamental beliefsThe Social Contract. He believed governments should be freely elected. Rousseau was exception to the notion of individualism aside and believed the good of community should placed above the concern of the individual.33
6330629553Government and churches employed the following to prevent Enlightenment thoughtcensorship34
6330629554Salons back then wereplaces of discussion of literature, arts, science, and philosophy.35
6330629555Trends in music from this era producedBallets and opera.36
6330629556The following musicians were from the EnlightenmentBach, Handel, Mozart.37
6330629557George Washington did not stay president after his two terms becauseThat means he is a monarch38
6330629558Germaine de Staelargued that women have been left of the Enlightenment.39
6330629559Art and architecture of the Enlightenment was inspired from the...Greeks and Romans40
6330629560In Britain the whigs and tories were...landed aristocrats41
6330629561Isaac Newton is remembered for five contributions...1. Universal gravitation 2. Calculus 3. Optics 4. Newtonian Mechanics 5. Principia - Newtownian Methods42
6330629562Newton discovered the spectrum of...light.43
6330629563The Enlightenment involved scientific method...1. First ask a question 2. Do background research 3. Construct a hypothesis (idea) 4. Test the research and draw a conclusion (from the idea) 5. Report results True or false for the hypotheses.44
6330629564The 1707 to 1800 is generally considered...the era of the Enlightenment or the Age of Reason.45
6330629565The French Revolution was sparked by...extreme differences in wealth with poverty typical of the era with unequal taxation.46
6330629566Unequal taxation was a concern of the...American colonies.47
6330629567Constitutional monarchy is known as a British...form of government in which the king retains his position as head of state, while the authority to tax and make new laws resides in an elected body.48
6330629568Who said "the best weapon against tyranny is the pen"?Voltair49
6330629569Who's busk is in Jean-Antoine Houdon's Salon?Voltair50

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