Terms : Hide Images
| 9468912345 | polytheism | belief in multiple gods | 0 | |
| 9468912346 | ziggurat | monumental architecture for the Mesopotamians | 1 | |
| 9468912347 | Hebrews | the Israelites and founders of Judaism | 2 | |
| 9468912348 | Abraham | founder of the Judaism Christianity and Islam | 3 | |
| 9468912349 | Epic of Gilgamesh | literature from Mesopotamia about the adventures of a great king | 4 | |
| 9468912350 | Cuneiform | written by scribes in Mesopotamia it allowed the early kings to keep records | 5 | |
| 9468912351 | Sumer | the earliest of the Mesopotamian civilization and city-states | 6 | |
| 9468912352 | Phoenicians | communities of fishermen and traders on the western coast of Mediterranean Sea whose colonies will someday become the roots of Greece Rome and Carthage they created an alphabet based on sounds to trade with so many different peoples | 7 | |
| 9468912353 | Hammurabi | the great Babylonian king who brought all of Mesopotamia under one ruler and one set of laws | 8 | |
| 9468912354 | Theocracy | the priests of the Mesopotamia city-states were sometimes rulers of their communities just like the mullahs are rulers of modern day Iran | 9 | |
| 9468912355 | Persepolis | the cultural and spiritual capital of the Persian Empire | 10 | |
| 9468912356 | Zoroastrianism | another old monotheistic religion where their priests the magi worshiped a great sun god named Ahura Mazda that started in Persia and was followed by the Persian kings | 11 | |
| 9468912357 | Cyrus the Great | the unifier of all of the city-states of Iran and founder of the Persian Empire | 12 | |
| 9468912358 | Darius I | the greatest of the Persian kings he ruled Persia at its height when it had territory in Eastern Europe parts of Greece as well as all of the middle east and into Egypt | 13 | |
| 9468912359 | Xerxes | failed to defeat the Greeks in a second invasion including losing the Battle of Thermopylae | 14 | |
| 9468912360 | Satraps | the Persians would divide their empire into various provinces with appointed local governor for easier management of a large empire this is a form of bureaucracy | 15 | |
| 9468912361 | Seleucid | after Alexander the Greats invasion of Persia this was the family and empire that took over the Middle East and parts of India | 16 | |
| 9468912362 | Sassanid | the original Shahs of Persia this was the empire that conquered the Parthians and were contemporaries of the Byzantium Empire until Mohammad and Islam took over the middle east | 17 | |
| 9468912363 | Parthians | this empire started in Iran but they combined Greek and Persian cultures usually they were the middle man in the Silk Road trade between Rome and China but occasionally fought the Romans | 18 | |
| 9468912364 | Royal Road | this was a horse messenger and postal service started by the Persians to get messages across their vast empire | 19 | |
| 9468912365 | Hagia Sophia | built by Justinian I this became the biggest building in the world for centuries in the world's biggest city of Constantinople | 20 | |
| 9468912366 | Justinian's Code | It was based on the Roman 12 Table laws and was used in the Byzantine Empire | 21 | |
| 9468912367 | Byzantine Empire | it was still known as the Roman Empire by many people even though Rome had fallen and what remained of the empire was ran from the city of Constantinople | 22 | |
| 9468912368 | Abbasids | started by distant relatives of Muhammad this Empire's capital was in Baghdad | 23 | |
| 9468912369 | Viziers | under the Abbasids these were the prime ministers of the caliphs but the caliphs themselves were hidden so the prime minister was the public face of the ruler and occasionally the ruler himself was too weak to stop him | 24 | |
| 9468912370 | Mamluks | formerly Turkish slaves that were trained to become personal body guards and ministers to Sultans they eventually form their own empire in Egypt | 25 | |
| 9468912371 | Cordoba | the greatest and grandest of the Islamic cities in Spain and eventually the capital of the Umayyad dynasty when the rest of their empire was lost to the Abbasids | 26 | |
| 9468912372 | Battle of Tours | in this battle the Umayyads who were invading Europe from Spain were stopped by Charles Martel the king of the Franks (Charlemagne's grandson) | 27 | |
| 9468912373 | Battle of Talas | the Abbasids defeated the Tang Dynasty which stopped China was conquering the Middle East | 28 | |
| 9468912374 | Polygamy | men are allowed to marry multiple wives in many ancient cultures including Islam | 29 | |
| 9468912375 | People of the Book | this is how Jews and Christians and (later Hindus and Buddhists of India) are referred to by the Islamic faith | 30 | |
| 9468912376 | Sharia | the laws of Islam which are mean to keep the community in order and maintain their faith | 31 | |
| 9468912377 | Abu Bakr | the first successor to the prophet Muhammad and the first of the rightful caliphs | 32 | |
| 9468912378 | Ali | the last of the rightful Caliphs and the only relative of Muhammad to be a caliph he was married to Muhammad favorite daughter | 33 | |
| 9468912379 | Sunnis | people who believe Abu Bakr was the correctly chosen to be the caliph | 34 | |
| 9468912380 | Shia | partisans of Ali and believers that Ali was the true heir to be the caliph | 35 | |
| 9468912381 | Dar al-Islam | the people of the world who are of the Islamic faith | 36 | |
| 9468912382 | Umayyad | the Sunni dynasty took over after Ali their capital was in Damascus it was during their time that the Islamic empires reached their height of unified power | 37 | |
| 9468912383 | Imam | the religious scholars of Islam and the leader of a mosque | 38 | |
| 9468912384 | Ulama | scholars and experts of Sharia law | 39 | |
| 9468912385 | Sufis | immensely spiritual and philosophical Muslims with foundations in India and Persia by the poet Rumi and are famous for expressing themselves with whirlish dancing | 40 | |
| 9468912386 | Ilkhanate | Mongolians who defeated the Abbasids to take over Middle East but eventually blended into the Persian culture so much that they became Persian rulers | 41 | |
| 9468912387 | Islamic Gunpowder Empires | Turkish and relied on canon and artillery to take over Middle East after Mongols were defeated | 42 | |
| 9468912388 | Saladin | defeated the European Crusaders who conquered Jerusalem and offered them free and safe return if they surrended | 43 | |
| 9468912389 | Tamerlane | He created a short lived empire Islamic empire from Persia to Pakistan taking over power from the Ilkhanate | 44 | |
| 9468912390 | Mehmed II | conqueror of Constantinople which leads to the Ottoman Empire becoming a powerful force in the region and ends the Byzantine Empire | 45 | |
| 9468912391 | Suleiman I | ruled the Ottoman Empire at its height taking land in North Africa Europe and Middle East | 46 | |
| 9468912392 | Safavids | a Shia empire started in Persia they were contemporaries to the Sunni empires of the Ottomans in the West and the Mughal in India | 47 | |
| 9468912393 | Devshirme | Christian boys from Europe who were converted to Islam and then were sent to school to become loyal ministers and soldiers to the sultans of the Ottoman Empire | 48 | |
| 9468912394 | Janissaries | the elite soldiers of the devshirme who while become the top ranking ministers and personal body guards to the sultan | 49 | |
| 9468912395 | Battle of Vienna | here Suleiman I lost to European forces which halted his expansion of the Ottoman Empire into Europe | 50 | |
| 9468912396 | Tanzimat | reforms by Mahmud II of the Ottoman Empire to modernize and secularize its empire including expanding education access to women and equality for all men | 51 | |
| 9468912397 | Balfour Declaration | the British promised Jewish people an independent country in the mandate of Palestine after WW1 as long as the rights of the majority Arabs were respected | 52 | |
| 9468912398 | Mandate System | after WW1 the British and French divided parts of the Ottoman Empires into semi-autonomous colonies even though the people of those areas were promised freedom in exchange for fighting against the Ottomans | 53 | |
| 9468912399 | Zionism | the idea of making a nation for Jews in the land of Jerusalem with Jerusalem as their capital | 54 | |
| 9468912400 | Theodore Herzl | Hungarian who is known as the founder of Zionism | 55 | |
| 9468912401 | Mullahs | the Shia clerics in charge of interpreting laws, religion, and culture in Iran | 56 | |
| 9468912402 | Kurds | ethnic Muslim group in northern Iraq and southern Turkey that has had chemical weapons used against them by Saddam Hussein today they and their political party the KKP wish to form a socialist independent country | 57 | |
| 9468912403 | Arab League | a group of Arab nations including Egypt that try to internationally back Muslim and Arab issues and occasionally fight Israel | 58 | |
| 9468912404 | Gamal Nasser | Egyptian General who becomes the second president of Egypt helped modernize the country and started conflicts with Israel | 59 | |
| 9468912405 | Ayatollah Khomeini | the chief Shia Muslim cleric who becomes the spiritual leader of Iran after the revolution and opposes Western and US ideals and culture | 60 | |
| 9468912406 | Shah Reza Pahlavi | oppressive dictator of Iran who got power through CIA help and later had to flee the country | 61 | |
| 9468912407 | Suez Crisis | General Nasser takes over the Suez Canal of Egypt from the British and French troops to stop shipping to Israel then Israel invades | 62 | |
| 9468912408 | Young Turks | a nationalist group trying to form a secular independent country for Turkish people | 63 |
