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AP World Period 4 Flashcards

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9414946788Vasco De GamaPortuguese, sailed beneath the southern tip of Africa into the Indian Ocean0
9414946789MagellanPortuguese, tried to sail around the World1
9414946790English East India Comapny1600, started by individual citizens who would travel to India and resell the goods in England for higher prices2
9414946791Aztec EmpireEmpire in central Mexico, capital was Tenochtitlan, military based empire3
9414946792MontezumaNinth Aztec emperor, famous for his confrontation with Hernes Cortes4
9414946793CavavelsA small, highly maneuverable sailing ship created by the Portuguese5
9414946794English East India CompanyStock company, travelled to India and would resell Indian goods in England for high prices, the foundation of coperations6
9414946795Colombian ExchangeTrade of livestock, vegetables, coffee, tobacco, disease, and slaves from the Old World to the New World, caused a dramatic demographic shift in the Americas7
9414946796JamestownFirst British colony in North America, named after King James I of ENgland8
9414946797Little Ice AgePeriod between 1300-1870 in which Europe and North America were subjected to colder winds9
9414946798Chattel SlaveryThe owning of human beings as property10
9414946799Louis XIVRevoked the Edict of Nantes, ruled for 72 years, known as the "sun king"11
9414946800MercantilismA system in which a country accumulates wealth through trade12
9414946801SikhismA religion formed in the late 15th century in India13
9414946802PeninsularsA European (Spanish or Portuguese) living in the Americas, small % of the population14
9414946803CreolesA European born in the Americas15
9414946804MestizosA person with both European and Native descent16
9414946805Treaty of TordesillasA compromise between the Spanish and the Portuguese which gave both of them land in the Americas17
9414946806PizzaroSpanish conquistador, killed Inca Empire and brought the lands under Spanish control18
9414946807ErasmusCatholic priest, learned to speak Greek so he could translate the original bible19
9414946808HumanismThe ideology that you can still enjoy the world around you while reaching salvation, a mixture of Catholicism and Secularism20
9414946809Council of TrentA meeting to make reforms to the Catholic church in response to the Protestant reformation21
9414946810Diet of WormsMeeting between Pope Leo X, Charles V, and Martin Luther, Pope Leo tries to make Luther repent his sins, Luther leaves as a heratic22
9414946811John CalvinCalvinism, pre-destination: god's plan23
9414946812Society of Jesus (Jesuits)A society devoted to Catholic education and missionary work24
9414946813Thirty Years WarA series of wars in the Holy Roman Empire, ended in 1648 with the treaty of Westphalia25
9414946814Treaty of WestphaliaEnded the Thirty Years War, allowed German princes to choose their faith, Europe is permanently religiously divided26
9414946815Henry VIIITudor family, created the Church of England, had six wives27
9414946816Elizabeth IStabilized England by creating the Anglican Church28
9414946817Absolute MonarchyA form of government in which the king has absolute authority over the state29
9414946818Charles IDidn't work with parliament, raised tax to be apart of the Thirty Years War, arrested the Parliament which led to the English Civil War, Executed for treason30
9414946819Oliver CromwellNew leader of the English republic/commonwealth, had strict puritan laws (anti-anglican, extreme protestant)31
9414946820Glorious RevolutionThe overthrow of James II by William and Mary of Orange, "bloodless revolution"32
9414946821Cardinal RichelieuRegent for Louis XIII (9 year old king), Clergy of French Catholic Church33
9414946822Louis XIV72 years long rule, revoked the "edict of nantes" (edict that let huguenots worship freely)34
9414946823Adam SmithScottish philosopher and economist, wrote the "wealth of nations"35
9414946824Hacienda(spanish) a large estate or plantation with a dwelling house36
9414946825Indentured ServantMen or woman who signed a contract in by which they agreed to work a certain number of years in exchange for food, transportation, and housing (North America)37
9414946826Songhai EmpireWestern African empire in the 15th and 16th century38
9414946827King Alfonso IFirst African king to convert to Catholicism39
9414946828Triangular Slave TradeThe exchange of crops, livestock, luxury goods, and slaves between Europe, Africa, and the New World40
9414946829Middle PassageThe transfer of slaves across the Atlantic Ocean, horrible conditions, 25% died on voyage41
9414946830African DiasporaSpread of Africans, creation of African-American culture42
9414946831Romanov DynastyThe second dynasty to rule over Russia, ruled until the 20th century43
9414946832Peter the GreatWesternized Russia, creates a naval military first, creates city of St. Petersburg, created social laws44
9414946833Catherine the GreatMost renowned and and the longest-ruling female leader of Russia45
9414946834Zheng HeChinese explorer, traveled to regions such as Asia and Africa46
9414946835Ming DynastyOverthrew the Yuan Dynasty (Mongols), focused on the restoration of Chinese culture (meritocracy, mandate of heaven, confucianism), banned foreigners47
9414946836Qing DynastyRun by Manchurians, last Chinese dynasty48
9414946837Tokugawa IeyusaCreated a centralized government in Japan, rejected relationships with westerners (except for the Dutch)49
9414946838Ottoman EmpireLongest Islamic empire, expands with the fall of the Byzantine empire50
9414946839Sultan Mehmed II"the conqueror", Islamic Sultan who sieged Constantinople and expanded the Ottoman empire51
9414946840Sultan Suleiman the MagnificentExpands the Ottoman empire into N. Africa and E. Africa, makes education reforms, gives Jews/Christians protection under the law52
9414946841JanissariesElite Islamic military53
9414946842Safavid EmpireIslamic empire based in Persia54
9414946843Shah IsmailUnites the people under religion, thought to be the 12th Imam who will spread true Islam55
9414946844Shah AbbasConsidered the strongest ruler of the Safavid Dynasty56
9414946845Mughal EmpireIslamic state in India ran by turkish people, overthrows the Sulnate of Dehli57
9414946846AkbarA sultanate of the Mughal Empire, Expands into S. India, unifies the state, religiously tolerant, works w/ ottomans58
9414946847AurangzebA sultanate of the Mughal Empire, burns down Hindu temples, triples taxes on Hindus59
9414946848Taj MahelAn ivory-white marble mausoleum, commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan, to house the tomb of his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal60
9414946849Martin LutherGerman monk, upsetted by activities taking place in the Roman Catholic Church61
9414946850Diet of WormsA meeting between Pope Leo X, Charles V, and Martin Luther to discuss Luther's acts of heresy62
9414946851LutheranismAuthority straight from the Bible, free will- all of us are sinners, spoke in the vernacular63
9414946852CalvanismJohn Calvin, pre-destination64
9414946853The Renaissance14th and 15th century Europe, rebirth of liberal arts, starts in Italy65
9414946854Leonardo Da VinciArtist, Inventor, Botanist, Invented sanitation systems and flying machines, painted the Mona Lisa, wrote backwards66
9414946855MichelangeloDa Vinci's rival, statue of David, Sistine chapel67
9414946856Edict of NantesAllowed French Protestants to worship freely68
9414946857HuguenotsFrench Protestants69
9414946858GalileoUses telescope to prove heliocentrism, work was banned by the Catholic church and he was put on house arrest70

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