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AP World Period 4 Flashcards

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6215229845Vasco De GamaPortuguese explorer, sailed beneath the southern tip of Africa into the Indian Ocean0
6215229846MagellanPortuguese explorer, tried to sail around the World1
6215229848Aztec EmpireEmpire in central Mexico, capital was Tenochtitlan, military based empire2
6215229849MontezumaNinth Aztec emperor, famous for his confrontation with Hernan Cortes3
6215229850CaravelA small, highly maneuverable sailing ship created by the Portuguese4
6215229851English East India CompanyStock company, travelled to India and would resell Indian goods in England for high prices, the foundation of coperations5
6215229852Columbian ExchangeTrade of livestock, vegetables, coffee, tobacco, disease, and slaves from the Old World to the New World, caused a dramatic demographic shift in the Americas6
6215229853JamestownFirst British colony in North America, named after King James I of England7
6215229854Little Ice AgePeriod between 1300-1870 in which Europe and North America were subjected to colder winds8
6215229855Chattel SlaveryThe owning of human beings as property9
6215229856Louis XIVRevoked the Edict of Nantes, ruled for 72 years, known as the "sun king"10
6215229857MercantilismA system in which a country accumulates wealth through trade11
6215229858SikhismA religion formed in the late 15th century in India12
6215229859PeninsularesA European (Spanish or Portuguese) living in the Americas, small % of the population13
6215229861MestizosA person with both European and Native descent14
6215229863PizzaroSpanish conquistador, destroyed Inca Empire and brought the lands under Spanish control15
6215229869Society of Jesus (Jesuits)A society devoted to Catholic education and missionary work16
6215229872Henry VIIITudor family, created the Church of England, had six wives17
6215229874Absolute MonarchyA form of government in which the king has absolute authority over the state18
6215229882Indentured ServantMen or woman who signed a contract in by which they agreed to work a certain number of years in exchange for food, transportation, and housing (North America)19
6215229885Triangular Slave TradeThe exchange of crops, livestock, luxury goods, and slaves between Europe, Africa, and the New World20
6215229886Middle PassageThe transfer of slaves across the Atlantic Ocean, horrible conditions, 25% died on voyage21
6215229887African DiasporaSpread of Africans, creation of African-American culture22
6215229889Peter the GreatWesternized Russia, creates a naval military first, creates city of St. Petersburg, created social laws23
6215229890Catherine the GreatMost renowned and and the longest-ruling female leader of Russia24
6215229891Zheng HeMuslim, Chinese explorer, traveled to regions such as Asia and Africa25
6215229892Ming DynastyOverthrew the Yuan Dynasty (Mongols), focused on the restoration of Chinese culture (meritocracy, mandate of heaven, confucianism), banned foreigners26
6215229893Qing DynastyRun by Manchurians, last Chinese dynasty27
6215229894Tokugawa IeyusaCreated a centralized government in Japan, rejected relationships with westerners (except for the Dutch)28
6215229895Ottoman EmpireLongest Islamic empire, expands with the fall of the Byzantine empire29
6215229897Sultan Suleiman the MagnificentExpands the Ottoman empire into N. Africa and E. Africa, makes education reforms, gives Jews/Christians protection under the law30
6215229898JanissariesElite Islamic military31
6215229899Safavid EmpireIslamic empire based in Persia32
6215229900Shah IsmailUnites the people under religion, thought to be the 12th Imam who will spread true Islam33
6215229902Mughal EmpireIslamic state in India ran by Turkish people, overthrows the Sultanate of Delhi34
6215229903AkbarA sultan of the Mughal Empire, Expands into S. India, unifies the state, religiously tolerant, works w/ ottomans35
6215229905Taj MahalAn ivory-white marble mausoleum, commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan, to house the tomb of his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal36
6215229918ConquistadoresSpanish conquerors of the Native American lands, most notably the Aztec and Inca empires.37
6215229919Constantinople, 1453The capital and almost the only outpost left of the Byzantine Empire, fell to the army of the Ottoman sultan Mehmed II "the Conqueror," an event that marked the end of Christian Byzantium.38
6215229920CreolesSpaniards born in the Americas.39
6215229921DevshirmeThe tribute of boy children that the Ottoman Turks levied from their Christian subjects in the Balkans; the Ottomans raised the boys for service in the civil administration or in the elite Janissary infantry corps.40
6215229923Jitza (Jizyah)Special tax levied on non-Muslims in Islamic states; the Mughal Empire was notable for abolishing it for a time.41
6215229926Mughal EmpireOne of the most successful empires of India, a state founded by Muslim Turks who invaded India in 1526; their rule was noted for efforts to create partnerships between Hindus and Muslims.42
6215229927MulattoTerm commonly used for people of mixed African and European blood.43
6215229929PeninsulareIn the Spanish colonies of Latin America, the term used to refer to people who had been born in Spain; they claimed superiority over Spaniards born in the Americas.44
6215229930Plantation complexAgricultural system based on African slavery that was used in Brazil, the Caribbean, and the southern colonies of North America.45
6215229932Settler coloniesColonies in which the colonizing people settled in large numbers, rather than simply spending relatively small numbers to exploit the region; particularly noteworthy in the case of the British colonies in North America.46
6215229936DaimyoFeudal lords of Japan who ruled with virtual independence thanks to their bands of samurai warriors.47
6215229937Indian Ocean Commercial NetworkThe massive, interconnected web of commerce in premodern times between the lands that bordered on the Indian Ocean (including East Africa, India, and Southeast Asia); the network was badly disrupted by Portuguese intrusion beginning around 1500.48
6215229939Middle PassageName commonly given to the journey across the Atlantic undertaken by African slaves being shipped to the Americas.49
6215229940SamuraiThe warrior elite of medieval Japan.50
6215229941ShogunIn Japan, a supreme military commander.51
6215229943Tokugawa ShogunateMilitary rulers of Japan who successfully unified Japan politically by the early seventeenth century and established a "closed door" policy toward European encroachments.52
6215229952Jesuits in ChinaSeries of Jesuit missionaries in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries who, inspired by the work of Matteo Ricci, made extraordinary efforts to understand and become a part of Chinese culture in their efforts to convert the Chinese elite, although with limited success53

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