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| 147899613 | Camillo di Cavour | The political mastermind behind all of Sardinia's unification plans, he succeeded in creating a Northern Italian nation state | 0 | |
| 147899614 | Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen | This was the new constitution that the National Assembly wrote that gave all citizens free expression of thoughts and opinions and guaranteed equality before the law | 1 | |
| 147899615 | Caudillos | independent leaders who dominated local areas by force in defiance of national policies; sometimes seized national governments to impose their concept of rule; typical throughout newly independent countries of latin america. | 2 | |
| 147899616 | Ancien Regime | The old order before the Revolution in France | 3 | |
| 147899617 | Congress of Vienna | Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon I. (p. 594) | 4 | |
| 147899618 | Napoleonic Code | This was the civil code put out by Napoleon that granted equality of all male citizens before the law and granted absolute security of wealth and private property. Napoleon also secured this by creating the Bank of France which loyally served the interests of both the state and the financial oligarchy | 5 | |
| 147899619 | Maximilien Robespierre | He was a lawyer and a member of the National Convention. Led the Mountain side of the National Convention. Had the Mountains join forces with the sans-culottes, as well as joining the Committee of Public Safety. Helped France's financial situation through the concept of planned economy (setting price limits on certain products). Was a very large part of the radicalization of France, but efforts eventually led to the fall of France and take-over by Napoleon Bonaparte. He claimed that the Revolution was over. In a sense he was right; the last reforms were made in 1791. The people strongly disliked him for his views on the disablement of speaking against the republic. He was one of the main contributors to the laws that stated the death penalty for those who went against the revolution. | 6 | |
| 147899620 | Otto von Bismarck | Chancellor of Prussia from 1862 until 1871, when he became chancellor of Germany. A conservative nationalist, he led Prussia to victory against Austria (1866) and France (1870) and was responsible for the creation of the German Empire (714) | 7 | |
| 147899621 | Toissaint L'Overture | Led a revolt in Haiti of 100,000 enslaved Africans. Agreed to halt his revolt with the French. Then arrested by the French and sent to prison in the alps. Died in April 1803. | 8 | |
| 147899622 | Jacobins | Radical republicans during the French Revolution. They were led by Maximilien Robespierre from 1793 to 1794. | 9 | |
| 147899623 | Thomas Malthus | an English economist who argued that increases in population would outgrow increases in the means of subsistence (1766-1834) | 10 | |
| 147899624 | Factory System | a method of production that brought many workers and machines together into one building | 11 | |
| 147899625 | Karl Marx | German philosopher, economist, and revolutionary. With the help and support of Friedrich Engels he wrote The Communist Manifesto (1848) and Das Kapital (1867-1894). These works explain historical development in terms of the interaction of contradictory economic forces, form the basis of all communist theory, and have had a profound influence on the social sciences. | 12 | |
| 147899626 | Sergei Witte | A tough finance minister who thought that Russia's industrial backwardness was threatening Russia's power and greatness | 13 | |
| 147899627 | White Man's Burden | idea that many European countries had a duty to spread their religion and culture to those less civilized | 14 | |
| 147899628 | Indian National Congress | A movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government. Its membership was middle class, and its demands were modest until World War I. Led after 1920 by Mohandas K. Gandhi, appealing to the poor. (p. 663) | 15 | |
| 147899629 | Sepoy Revolt | When the sepoys realized that the rifle cartridges were made of beef and pork fat; they revolted against the EIC and took more than 1 year to calm down. This was the final step in the destruction of the Mughal empire because of the clash between Muslims and Hindus | 16 | |
| 147899630 | Roosevelt Corollary | Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force | 17 | |
| 147899631 | Social Darwinism | The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion. | 18 | |
| 147899632 | Spanish-American War | War fought between the US and Spain in Cuba and the Philippines. It lasted less than 3 months and resulted in Cuba's independence as well as the US annexing Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. | 19 | |
| 147899633 | Boer War | either of two wars: the first when the Boers fought England in order to regain the independence they had given up to obtain British help against the Zulus (1880-1881) | 20 | |
| 147899634 | Crimean War | A war fought in the middle of the nineteenth century between Russia on one side and Turkey, Britain, and France on the other. RUssia was defeated and the independence of Turkey was guaranteed | 21 | |
| 147899635 | Taiping Rebellion | The most destructive civil war before the twentieth century. A Christian-inspired rural rebellion threatened to topple the Qing Empire. | 22 | |
| 147899636 | Boxer Rebellion | 1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops | 23 | |
| 147899637 | Nicolas II | tsar of russia during Rev. of 1905 who abdicated in the Feb/Mar Revolution of 1917. had no desire to be a tsar; his father died when he was very young. he was not suited to it. thought tsars were still very common b/c he ignored European democratization. didn't understand the gap between rich & poor in his country. had a lot of real problems. | 24 | |
| 147899638 | Spheres of Influence | areas in which countries have some political and economic control but do not govern directly (ex. Europe and U.S. in China) | 25 | |
| 147899639 | Tanzimat Reforms | Series of reforms in the Ottoman Empire between 1839 and 1876; established Western-style universities, state postal system, railways, extensive legal reforms; resulted in creation of new constitution in 1876 | 26 | |
| 147899640 | Treaty of Nanjing | 1842 agreement ending the Opium War between China and England and giving England control of Hong Kong and regional ports, as well as awarding British citizens extraterritorality rights. | 27 | |
| 147899641 | La Reforma | 1855, Benito Juarez and other liberals open an era; offered hope to oppressed people of Mexico, revised the Mexican constitution to strip military power and end Church privileges; unleashed a civil war, but was still elected president in 1861; What was the era he began called? | 28 | |
| 147899642 | Gauchos | Bands of mounted rural workers in the region of the Rio de la Plata; aided local caudillos in splitting apart the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata after 1816. | 29 | |
| 147899643 | Manifest Destiny | This expression was popular in the 1840s. Many people believed that the U.S. was destined to secure territory from "sea to sea," from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. This rationale drove the acquisition of territory. | 30 | |
| 147899644 | Meiji Restoration | The political program that followed the destruction of the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868, in which a collection of young leaders set Japan on the path of centralization, industrialization, and imperialism. (See also Yamagata Aritomo.) (p. 694) | 31 | |
| 147899645 | Capitalism | an economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, esp. as contrasted to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth. | 32 | |
| 147899646 | Trade Unions | early labor organizations that brought together workers in the same trade, or job, to fight for better wages and working conditions | 33 | |
| 147899647 | Luddites | These were the angry old cottage industry workers who lost their jobs and costumers to machines and as a result, they began to secretly destroy the machines | 34 |
