Terms : Hide Images
| 255053477 | how did muhammad and islam address the fundamental problems in bedoin society? | islam unified the different bedouin clans; created a unified religion; Sharia laws; ethical system | 0 | |
| 255053478 | what are the basic beliefs of islam? | five pillars, beleif in one god: Allah, belief in his prophet: Muhammad | 1 | |
| 255053479 | what motivations led Islam to transform itself from a nomadic society to a global civilization? In what sense was it a global civilization by 850? | the unity of islamic faith gave the muslims a common cause and strength, they could stand up to their non-arab rulers; drawn into expansive campaigns by the idea of booty; Abbasid empire held land from northern africa to afghanistan at it's peak (850) pg. 153 in book | 2 | |
| 255053480 | what were the major characteristics of the Abbasid Caliphate? | Baghdad=new capital; mawali accepted-do not have to pay head tax; great urban expansion and merchant expansion with dhows; increase in handicraft production; luxury and overspending; assasinations common; great increase in mathematics and sciences; harem and veil become emblems of women's increasing subjugation to men | 3 | |
| 255053481 | how did the osition of women in Islamic society change from Muhammad to the Abbasid empire? | Women played an important role for Muhammad, they helped compile much of the Qur'an, also his daughters were allowed to choose their husbands and strengthened women's rights in inheritance and divorce; umayyad period women pursued many occupations; Abbasid period women were kept in the harm, wore the veil, and could do little to no jobs | 4 | |
| 255053482 | what was Islam's attitude towards slavery? | female and male slaves were prized for their beauty and intelligence; slaves had to be non-muslims | 5 | |
| 255053483 | to what extent was Islam successful in converting India to Islam? Southeast Asia? Sub-Saharan Africa? | Muslims not widely accepted in India - denounced as infidels; people in southeast asia either did not accept islam or combined it with their own animistic religions like Hinduism or Buddhism; Besides in the conquered northern region of Africa, Islam did not spread and was not nearly as popular as each tribe's own animistic religion | 6 | |
| 255053484 | what were the major characteristics of the sudanic states, great zimbabwe, and the swahili city-states? What impact did Islam have upon them? | sudanic states greatly influenced by islam, active in trade, followed Sharia law; zimbabwe not greatly influenced by islam focused on it's animistic religion, main source of gold export in trade; swahili combined their culture with that of Islamic culture, long distance commerce | 7 | |
| 255053485 | what were the major characteristics of the Byzantine Empire? | maintained high levels of political, economical, and cultural activity; leaders saw themselves as Roman emperors; Constantinople was one of the best cites in the world (trade, culture, arts, politics); orthodox christianity became the main religion; weathered many attacks; | 8 | |
| 255053486 | what events led to the creation of the Orthodox Church in 1054? | Byzantium wanted more state control; wanted bread baked with yeast; priests could marry | 9 | |
| 255053487 | what accounts for the decline of the Byzantine Empire? | Turkish invaders began to press on the borders; the prosperous sources of tax revenue and food providing territories were cut off by the Turkish troops and the loss at Manzikert ultimately destroyed the empire; west would not help | 10 | |
| 255053488 | how did the Byzantine Empire influence Russia? | Byzantium was the major empire to do trade wiht because of constantinople, so Russia came to trade with it and also adopt christianity in order to be closer wit Byzantium; introduced a formal law code; central ruler should have wide powers; Domed structures - like in Byzantium; | 11 | |
| 255053489 | Explain manoralism and feudalism. | Manoralism: landlords owned land worked by peasants(serfs); strenghtened by the decline of trade and lack of central power; serfs almost like slaves with limited technology and had to give their lord most of their crops Feudalism: Vassals owed their lords military service, some goods and payments, and advice; Charlemagne's empire was feudalistic - like his own form of bureacracy; kings could us it to build their own power by promising land to those who served them in battle. | 12 | |
| 255053490 | what was the role of the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages? | much like a government in its own right: Pope, the bishops and archbishops, the priests; sponsored missionary activity; monasteries helped discipline intense spirituality; monasteries provided some education and promoted literacy | 13 | |
| 255053491 | what was the role of women during the Middle Ages? | women remained vital in raising families (obliviously); cultural prestige through veneration of mary and other femal religious figures; less segregated in religious services; not assured of property rights; assistants and comforters to men; patriarchal | 14 | |
| 255053492 | what were the causes for the Crusades? What was the impact of the Crusades on Europe? | The crusades were first started to reclaim the holy land from the "barbaric" muslims. Later they just turned into fights of power between merchants of western europe and those of constantinople; from the crusades, europe earned arabic learning of math and science and also relearned much of their histoyr from translated greek texts | 15 | |
| 255053493 | What were signs of economic and cultural revival in Western Europe after 1000? | There began to be more thinking; want for rights - magna carta and the creation of parliament - ; religious reform and power of investiture given to the pope; assimilating faith and reason; scholasticism - thinking about things and why/how they happen | 16 | |
| 255053494 | What were the basic characteristics of the Olmec, Maya, Aztec, and Inca? Compare the Aztec and Inca. | Olmec: irrigated agriculture, urbanism, elaborate religion, beginnings of calendrical and writing systems Maya: monumental architecture, written language, calendrical and mathematical systems, highly developed religion Aztec: human sacrifice, polytheistic,sophisticated irrigation techniques, calpulli - social statuses - , strong military values, tribute empire Inca: architectural and metallurgic achievements, polytheistic, split inheritance, bureaucratic gov. style, mathematical skills, 2500 miles worth of roads | 17 | |
| 255053495 | What were basic characteristics of the Tang and Song dynasties? How did they change from the Han dynasty? | Tang: extended greatly larger than that of the Han, rebuilding of bureacracy; scholar-gentry become very important, more important than aristocrats, and jinshi raised the social status of a family, Buddhists persecuted b/c they were taking away from wealth of imperial court and they were hated by confucian scholars Song: tribute state to northern Liao dynasty, weak empire, revival of neo-confucianism(made china less receptive to outside influences) and reinforced class, age, and gender discriminations Overall much more influential then Han dynasty with expansive trade, money systems(flying money), large food production, same male dominance as in Han, more creativity and artistic and literary works | 18 | |
| 255053496 | discuss the status of women during the Tang-Song Era | neo-confucianism cause male dominance and women subordination especially through footbinding; limited occupations for women | 19 | |
| 255053497 | what innovations were made during the Tang-Song Era? | junks-made china the dominant force in the east asian ocean flying money - less risk of robbery for merchants Grand Canal - flow of goods north and south as well as easy army movability new ways to build bridges, dikes, dams, regulate waterflow explosive powder - used initially for fireworks compass - applied to sea navigation abacus - ancestor of the calculator; helped merchants and tax collectors keep track of their revenues printing with movable type | 20 | |
| 255053498 | What was Neo-Confucianism? How did it change the political and social nature of China? | The revival of ancient confucian teachings. Made china much more closed off to outside thinking and rely only on book learning and personal knowledge. Stifled women's rights | 21 | |
| 255053499 | Describe Japan during the Heian era. | strict codes of conduct had to be followed for both men and women; literary works flourished (Tale of Genji); all about aesthetic pleasure | 22 | |
| 255053500 | Compare and contrast Japanese feudalism with European feudalism. | Japanese Feudalism: Families ruling over other families (Hojo-Minamoto-Kamakura) European Feudalism: King had vassals that attended to his needs in return for plots of land Both very militaristic, had aristocrats controlling most of the peasants. West sealed loyalties with contracts while Japan releid more heavily on group loyalties. | 23 | |
| 255053501 | Compare and contrast the degree of Sinification in Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. | Japan: struggled with confucian ways and writing; adored Buddhism and combined those ideals with their nature spirits; feudal ruling system Korea: Buddhism widely accepted; schools whereyouths learned all about china instead of their own history; silla remains independent of china; tribute link; gov. continued to be dominated by birth and family connections rather than knowledge; outdid pottery and printing of chinese Vietnam: did not sinify very well; remained independent of china; started to combine into their culture through examinations etc. but revolts led otherwise; ruled with a smaller imitation of chinese bureaucracy; civil service exams reintroduced; well educated Buddhist monks rather that scholar bureaucrats | 24 | |
| 255053502 | How was Genghis (Chinggis) Khan able to build one of history's largest empires? | brutal battle tactics; adopted the ways of their enemies; build as needed philosophy, pinch-ambush technique; tolerance of religion; organized military | 25 | |
| 255053503 | What was the impact Mongol conquest of Russia? Islamic heartland? China? | Russia: eventually Moscow grew in power because of it's status as a tribule collectore for the Mongols; however, the Mongols ultimately cut off russia from the innovations in the surrounding areas Islamic Heartland: Abbasid caliphate destroyed and replaced my multiple smaller empires afterwards until the Ottoman empire; no more artistry from there China: scholar-gentry alienated along with aristocrats; position of artisans greatly increased | 26 | |
| 255053504 | What were the positive impacts of the Mongol conquests? Negative Impacts? | Positive: Reinforced trade, unified large land area, tolerance of religions, increase in commerce, artisan class flourishes Negative: decline of scholar-gentry in China, death of Islamic creativity, Russian isolation, Chinese ideals of isolationism that would hold until 20th century, spread of bubonic plague. | 27 |
