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| 223732631 | Harun al-Rashid | Most famous of the Abbasid caliphs (786-809); renowned for sumptuous and costly living recounted in The Thousand and One Nights. | 0 | |
| 223732632 | Buyids | Persian invaders of the 10th century; captured Baghdad and acted as sultans through Abbasid figureheads | 1 | |
| 223732633 | Seljuk Turks | Nomadic invaders from central Asia; staunch Sunni; ruled from the 11th century in the name of the Abbasids. | 2 | |
| 223732634 | Saladin | 12th-century Muslim ruler; reconquered most of the crusader kingdoms. Famous in the Third Crusade along with Richard the Lionhearted of England | 3 | |
| 223732635 | Ibn Khaldun | Great Muslim historian; author of The Muqaddimah; sought to uncover persisting patterns in Muslim dynastic history. | 4 | |
| 223732636 | Rubaiyat | Epic poem of Omar Khayyam; seeks to find meaning in life and a path to union with the divine. | 5 | |
| 223732637 | al-Razi | Classified all matter as animal, vegetable, and mineral. | 6 | |
| 223732638 | Cyril and Methodius | Byzantine missionaries sent to convert eastern Europe and the Balkans; responsible for creating the Slavic written script called Cyrillic. | 7 | |
| 223732639 | Boyars | Russian landholding aristocrats; possessed less political power than their western European counterparts. | 8 | |
| 223732640 | Sassanian Empire | Persian Empire which continued Persian traditions but instituted the Zoroastrian religion as the state religion. | 9 | |
| 223732641 | Rurik | Legendary Scandinavian regarded as founder of the first kingdom of Russia based in Kiev in 855 C.E.z | 10 | |
| 223732642 | al-Biruni | 11th-century scientist; calculated the specific weight of major minerals. | 11 | |
| 223732643 | Ulama | Islamic religious scholars; pressed for a more conservative and restrictive theology; opposed to non-Islamic thinking. | 12 | |
| 223732644 | al-Ghazali | Brilliant Islamic theologian; attempted to fuse Greek and Qur'anic traditions. | 13 | |
| 223732645 | Sufis | Islamic mystics; spread Islam to many Afro-Asian regions. | 14 | |
| 223732646 | Harsha | 7th-century north Indian ruler; built a large state that declined after his death in 646. | 15 | |
| 223732647 | Bhaktic cults | Hindu religious groups who stressed the importance of strong emotional bonds between devotees and the gods or goddesses—especially Shiva, Vishnu, and Kali. | 16 | |
| 223732648 | Mira Bai | Low-caste woman poet and songwriter in bhaktic cults of Hinduism | 17 | |
| 223732649 | Shrivijaya | Trading empire based on the Malacca Strait; its Buddhist government resisted Muslim missionaries; when it fell, southeastern Asia was opened to Islam. | 18 | |
| 223732650 | Malacca | Flourishing trading city in Malaya; established a trading empire after the fall of Shrivijaya. | 19 | |
| 223732651 | Demak | Most powerful of the trading states on the north Java coast; converted to Islam and served as a dissemination point to other regions. | 20 | |
| 223732652 | Latten sails | Large triangular sails that are attached to the masts by long booms or yard arms which extend diagonally high across both the fore and aft portions of the ship. | 21 | |
| 223732653 | Hulegu | 1217 - 1265) Ruler of the Ilkhan khanate; grandson of Chinggis Khan; responsible for capture and destruction of Baghdad in 1257. | 22 | |
| 223732654 | Mamluks | Turkic slave-warriors who ruled Egypt and defeated the Mongols to prevent their entry into northern Africa | 23 | |
| 223732655 | Rajas | Hindu Kings | 24 | |
| 223732656 | Sultans of Delhi | Title of the Islamic imperial houses of India, which literally means princes of the heartland. | 25 | |
| 223732657 | Maghrib | Arabic term for western north Africa. | 26 | |
| 223732658 | Almoravids & Almohads | : Puritanical Islamic reform movements among the Berbers of northwest Africa; built an empire reaching from the African savanna into Spain. | 27 | |
| 223732659 | Lalibela | 13th-century Ethiopian ruler; built great rock churches. | 28 | |
| 223732660 | Sahel | The extensive grassland belt at the southern edge of the Sahara; an exchange region between the forests to the south and north Africa. | 29 | |
| 223732661 | Songhay | Successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of the Niger valley; capital at Gao. | 30 | |
| 223732662 | Hausa states | States, such as Kano, among the Hausa of northern Nigeria; combined Islamic and indigenous beliefs. | 31 | |
| 223732663 | Zenji | Arabic term for the people and coast of east Africa. | 32 | |
| 223732664 | Ibn Batuta | Muslim traveler who described African societies and cultures. A sort of Muslim "Marco Polo" (Mall in Dubai) | 33 | |
| 223732665 | Benin | Nigerian city-state formed by the Edo people during the 14th century; famous for its bronze art work. | 34 | |
| 223732666 | Bantu migration | (100 C.E. - 900 C.E.) Group of people and associated language which originated in Nigeria; migrated south over much of the African continent and made up a majority of the African language groups. | 35 | |
| 223732667 | Sharia | Codified Islamic law which is ethically based on the Qur'an and the Hadith. | 36 |
