Terms : Hide Images
| 58072537 | divine rights of kings | the theory that god appointed all monarchs to rule on his behalf | 0 | |
| 58072538 | creole | a mother tongue that originates from contact between two languages | 1 | |
| 58072539 | mestizo | a person of mixed racial ancestry (especially mixed European and Native American ancestry) | 2 | |
| 58072540 | mulattos | persons of mixed european and african ancestry | 3 | |
| 58072541 | thomas hobbes | English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679) | 4 | |
| 58072542 | john locke | English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704) | 5 | |
| 58072543 | social contract | an implicit agreement among people that results in the organization of society | 6 | |
| 58072544 | charles i | king of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor | 7 | |
| 58072545 | oliver cromwell | English general and statesman who led the parliamentary army in the English Civil War (1599-1658) | 8 | |
| 58072546 | philosophers | "Lovers of wisdom", a thinker who uses logic and reason | 9 | |
| 58072547 | glorious revolution | A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange. | 10 | |
| 58072548 | condorcet | Wrote The Progress of the Human Mind. He identified humans will go through 10 stages of progress. They were about to enter the tenth where humans will be perfect in understanding. | 11 | |
| 58072549 | bourgoise | The rich owners | 12 | |
| 58072550 | estates general | The French national assembly summoned in 1789 to remedy the financial crisis and correct abuses of the ancien regime. | 13 | |
| 58072551 | national assembly | French Revolutionary assembly (1789-1791). Called first as the Estates General, the three estates came together and demanded radical change. It passed the Declaration of the Rights of Man in 1789. (p. 585) | 14 | |
| 58072552 | louis xvi | king of France from 1774 to 1792 | 15 | |
| 58072553 | bastille | a jail (literally, a French jail) | 16 | |
| 58072554 | jacobins | Radical republicans during the French Revolution. They were led by Maximilien Robespierre from 1793 to 1794. | 17 | |
| 58072555 | the reign of terror | This marks a one year period in which Robespierre was the head of the Revolution. During this period, approx. 40,000 were killed and 300,000 jailed for different crimes against the Revolution. Robespierre's men were known as the Committee of Public Safety. Comprised of the political alliance between the Mountain and the sans-culottes. This meant that his committee typically appealed to the urban poor. During this period, France employed a draft system to gain an army and to finish off the battles of the first coalition. If men were resistant, they were killed and anyone agreeing or helping them was jailed. The period ended when Robespierre and his men were executed by other men in the government that feared Robespierre becoming more powerful and more of a tyrant. | 18 | |
| 58072556 | napolean | Self-made Emperor of France he led reforms, built an empire, but then lost it. | 19 | |
| 58072557 | declaration of rights of man | Stated that under the law, everyone is equal | 20 | |
| 58072558 | congress of vienna | conservative, reactionary meeting, led by prince metternich, restore europe to prerevolution time | 21 | |
| 58072559 | vodoo | Negative word used to describe vodou religion | 22 | |
| 58072560 | maroonage | So that slave would have an opportunity away from masters to preserve their African culture | 23 | |
| 58072561 | toussanit l' ouverture | former slave who became a general and led the rebel forces against french to gain independent country of haiti | 24 | |
| 58072562 | simon bolivar | Venezuelan statesman who led the revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule | 25 | |
| 58072563 | miguel hidalgo | Mexican priest who led peasants in call for independence and improved conditions | 26 | |
| 58072564 | jose de francia | A leader in france(1688-1689) | 27 | |
| 58072565 | constitutional monarchy | A King or Queen is the official head of state but power is limited by a constitution | 28 | |
| 58072566 | revolution | the overthrow of a government by those who are governed | 29 | |
| 58072567 | democracy | a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them | 30 | |
| 58072568 | aristocracy | the most powerful members of a society | 31 | |
| 58072569 | secular | worldly; not pertaining to church matters or religion; temporal | 32 | |
| 58072570 | diplomatic | able to take a broad view of negotiations between states | 33 | |
| 58072571 | mercantilism | an economic system (Europe in 18th C) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests | 34 | |
| 58072572 | feudalism | system in which poor people are legally bound to work for wealthy landowners | 35 | |
| 58072573 | enclosure acts | commons are fenced off, people look for jobs in the city | 36 | |
| 58072574 | james hargreaves | English inventor of the spinning jenny (1720-1778) | 37 | |
| 58072575 | spinning jenny | This machine played an important role in the mechanization of textile production. Like the spinning wheel, it may be operated by a treadle or by hand. But, unlike the spinning wheel, it can spin more than one yarn at a time. The idea for multiple-yarn spinning was conceived about 1764 by James Hargreaves, an English weaver. In 1770, he patented a machine that could spin 16 yarns at a time. | 38 | |
| 58072576 | richard arkwright | English inventor and entrepreneur who became the wealthiest and most successful textile manufacturer of the early Industrial Revolution. He invented the water frame, a machine that, with minimal human supervision, could spin several threads at once | 39 | |
| 58072577 | micheal faraday | English, created the generator, led to electricity | 40 | |
| 58072578 | thomas edison | Inventor of lightbulb, phonograph and numerous other innovations | 41 | |
| 58072579 | peterloo massarce | when people were killed during a revolution | 42 | |
| 58072580 | reform bill | 1832 gives franchise and vote to the middle class | 43 | |
| 58072581 | chartist movement | In 19th century Britain where members of the working class demanded reforms in Parliament and in elections, including suffrage for all MEN | 44 | |
| 58072582 | suffrage | the right to vote | 45 | |
| 58072583 | karl marx | German philosopher, economist, and revolutionary. With the help and support of Friedrich Engels he wrote The Communist Manifesto (1848) and Das Kapital (1867-1894). These works explain historical development in terms of the interaction of contradictory economic forces, form the basis of all communist theory, and have had a profound influence on the social sciences | 46 | |
| 58072584 | proletariat | the working class | 47 | |
| 58072585 | otto von bismark | Prussian Diplomat responsible for the unification of Germany. Cunning politician, fights Danes with Austrians and Germans. Expels Austrians from Zollverein, fights Austrian-Prussian war w/ help of Germans. Gets North Germkan Confederation, led by Prussia. Then fights French, Franco-Prussian war, gets rest of Germany and Alsace-Lorraine. Diplomat under William I of Prussia, and then Wiliam II, who makes the mistake of firing him | 48 | |
| 58072586 | max weber | German sociologist and pioneer of the analytic method in sociology (1864-1920) | 49 | |
| 58072587 | garden city concept | one of the many attempts to reduce and solve social problems during the Industrialization Period | 50 | |
| 58072588 | imperialism | any instance of aggressive extension of authority | 51 | |
| 58072589 | nationalism | love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it | 52 | |
| 58072590 | industrialism | an economic system built on large industries rather than on agriculture or craftsmanship | 53 | |
| 58072591 | eugenics | the study of methods of improving genetic qualities by selective breeding | 54 | |
| 58072592 | ethnocentrism | belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group | 55 | |
| 58072593 | clemens von metternich | Austria's foreign minister, a prince, who helped orchestrate Austria's role in Europe via the Congress of Vienna | 56 | |
| 58072594 | young ireland | social nationalist movement in ireland that wanted independence | 57 | |
| 58072595 | giuseppi mazzini | creator of the idea "Young Italy"; along with a friend, chased the pope out of Rome and founded the Republic of Rome, which lasted less than a day | 58 | |
| 58072596 | victor emmanuel II | crowned king of united Italy in 1861 | 59 | |
| 58072597 | giuseppe garibaldi | the brother of the other man | 60 | |
| 58072598 | william i of prussia | Prussian king who became emperor of Germany after the Franco-Prussian War | 61 | |
| 58072599 | zionism | a policy for establishing and developing a national homeland for Jews in Palestine | 62 | |
| 58072600 | alfred dreyfus | a man who did something important | 63 | |
| 58072601 | theodore herzl | Austrian journalist and founder of the Zionist movement urging the creation of a Jewish national homeland in Palestine | 64 | |
| 58072602 | social darwinism | The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion | 65 | |
| 58072603 | white man's burden | idea that many European countries had a duty to spread their religion and culture to those less civilized | 66 | |
| 58072604 | urbanization | the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban | 67 | |
| 58072605 | plantation system | A system of agricultural production based on large-scale land ownership and the exploitation of labor and the environment. This system focused on the production of cash crops and utilized slave labor. | 68 | |
| 58072606 | putting out system | system of merchant-capitalists "putting out" raw materials to cottage workers for processing and payment that was fully developed in England | 69 | |
| 58072607 | suez canal | a ship canal in northeastern Egypt linking the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea | 70 | |
| 58072608 | crimean war | a war in Crimea between Russia and a group of nations including England and France and Turkey and Sardinia | 71 | |
| 58072609 | opium wars | war between Great Britain and China, began as a conflict over the opium trade, ended with the Chinese treaty to the British- the opening of 5 chinese ports to foreign merchants, and the grant of other commercial and diplomatic privileges | 72 | |
| 58072610 | mass production | the production of large quantities of a standardized article (often using assembly line techniques | 73 | |
| 58072611 | enclosure movement | 18th century English movement, marked the rise of market oriented estate | 74 | |
| 58072612 | factory system | a method of production that brought many workers and machines together into one building | 75 | |
| 58072613 | unions | organizations of workers who bargain with employers as a group | 76 | |
| 58072614 | universal suffrage | the right of all adults to vote for their representatives | 77 | |
| 58072615 | communist manifesto | a socialist manifesto written by Marx and Engels (1842) describing the history of the working-class movement according to their views | 78 | |
| 58072616 | extraterritoriality | Right of foreigners to be protected by the laws of their own nation | 79 | |
| 58072617 | entrepreneurship | the process of getting into and operating one's own business | 80 | |
| 58072618 | taiping rebellion | The most destructive civil war before the twentieth century. A Christian-inspired rural rebellion threatened to topple the Qing Empire. | 81 | |
| 58072619 | boers | Dutch settlers in south Africa | 82 | |
| 58072620 | shaka zulu | Around 1816 used highly disciplined warriors and good military organization to create a large centralized state. The Zulu land became part of British-controlled land in 1887. | 83 | |
| 58072621 | mfecane | Wars of 19th century in southern Africa; created by Zulu expansion under Shaka; revolutionized political organization of southern Africa | 84 | |
| 58072622 | muhammad ali | Albanian soldier in the service of Turkey who was made viceroy of Egypt and took control away from the Ottoman Empire and established Egypt as a modern state (1769-1849) | 85 | |
| 58072623 | uthman dan fodio | founder of the Sokoto Caliphate in 1809, a religious teacher, writer and Islamic reformer | 86 | |
| 58072624 | al-hajj umar | i do not know who this person is | 87 | |
| 58072625 | samori toure | couldnt find the defenition | 88 | |
| 58072626 | muhammad ahmad the madhi | the same as muhammad named differently based on something that he did | 89 | |
| 58072627 | david livingstone | Scottish missionary and explorer who discovered the Zambezi River and Victoria Falls (1813-1873) | 90 | |
| 58072628 | maji-maji revolt | when the maji revolt against someone. | 91 | |
| 58072629 | nabob | an akward name for something | 92 | |
| 58072630 | sati | a ritual that required a woman to throw herself on her late husband's funeral pyre or burn herself. This was done gladly and if a woman didn't comply with this she would be disgraced. | 93 | |
| 58072631 | meiji restoration | The political program that followed the destruction of the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868, in which a collection of young leaders set Japan on the path of centralization, industrialization, and imperialism. (See also Yamagata Aritomo.) | 94 | |
| 58072632 | marxism | the economic and political theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that hold that human actions and institutions are economically determined and that class struggle is needed to create historical change and that capitalism will untimately be superseded | 95 | |
| 58072633 | liberalism | an economic theory advocating free competition and a self-regulating market and the gold standard | 96 | |
| 58072634 | conservatism | a political or theological orientation advocating the preservation of the best in society and opposing radical changes | 97 | |
| 58072635 | scramble for africa | Sudden wave of conquests in Africa by European powers in the 1880s and 1890s. Britain obtained most of eastern Africa, France most of northwestern Africa. Other countries (Germany, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, and Spain) acquired lesser amounts | 98 | |
| 58072636 | sepoy mutiny | an 1857 rebellion of Hindu and Muslim soldiers against the British in India | 99 | |
| 58072637 | boxer rebellion | A 1900 Uprising in China aimed at ending foreign influence in the country | 100 | |
| 58072638 | empress cixi | The dowager empress who encouraged and promoted the Boxer rebellion | 101 | |
| 58072639 | socialism | a political theory advocating state ownership of industry | 102 | |
| 58072640 | open door policy | A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China | 103 | |
| 58072641 | berlin conference | A meeting from 1884-1885 at which representatives of European nations agreed on rules colonization of Africa | 104 | |
| 58072642 | cecil rhodes | British colonial financier and statesman in South Africa | 105 | |
| 58072643 | economic imperialism | independent but less developed nation that is controlled by private business interests rather than by other govts | 106 |
